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Techniques for developing QRS enhancement and detection algorithms in electrocardiography (ECG): A review

AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3135卷

作者： Adam Mohd Khairuddin Ku Nurul Fazira Ku Azir Mohd Rashidi Che Beson Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology (FKTEN) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Advanced Computing (AdvComp) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia

Algorithms are increasingly being used and recognized for their ability to improve the performance of diagnostic tools such as contemporary electrocardiogram (ECG). For instance, evidence from previous studies reveals that QRS enhancement and detection algorithms have enabled the ECG device to measure and classify heartbeat more accurately. Based on the review of the previous works on QRS detection in ECG, this paper examines the key components of the ECG, QRS detection features, the different techniques used for developing QRS enhancement and detection algorithms as well as the criteria for evaluating their performance.

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Smart shopping trolley using RFID and Arduino uno: A conceptual framework

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3135卷

作者： Kannikka A/P Praset Ku Nurul Fazira Ku Azir Adam Mohd Khairuddin Mohd Rashidi Che Beson Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology (FKTEN) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Advanced Computing (AdvComp) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia

This research attempts to design and develop a smart shopping trolley system with automated billing. The system was developed by using the following software and hardware components: (1) RC522 RFID card reader; (2) RFID tag; (3) load cell with HX711 amplifier; (4) push button with 10kΩ resistor; (5) 20x4 I2C LCD display; (6) Arduino Uno, and (7) Arduino IDE. The smart trolley system consisted of the following function modules: (1) item scanning; (2) item weighing; and (3) invoice generator. The perception of the effectiveness of the smart trolley system developed in this study was evaluated by using the questionnaire. The findings of the study suggest that most of the respondents were satisfied with the smart trolley system.

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A 50THz Ultra-Wideband Nano-Photonics Perfect Absorber Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of Circulating Cancer Exosomes: Advancing Early Cancer Diagnostics

IEEE Photonics Journal

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IEEE Photonics Journal 2025年第4期17卷

作者： Hamza, Musa N. Islam, Mohammad Tariqul Lavadiya, Sunil Din, Iftikhar ud Sanches, Bruno Koziel, Slawomir Naqvi, Syeda Iffat Panda, Abinash Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad Virdee, Bal Mariyanayagam, D. Jayanthi, R. Fernando, S. Islam, Md. Shabiul University of Raparin College of Science Department of Physics Sulaymaniyah46012 Iraq Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Marwadi University Department of Information and Communication Technology Gujarat Rajkot360003 India University of Engineering and Technology Telecommunication Engineering Department Mardan23200 Pakistan Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo Department of Electronic Systems Engineering São Paulo Brazil Reykjavik University Engineering Optimization & Modeling Center Reykjavik102 Iceland Gdansk University of Technology Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics Gdansk80-233 Poland University of Engineering & Technology Taxila Department of Telecommunication Engineering Pakistan CMR Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bengaluru560037 India University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Electronics Engineering Department Rome00133 Italy Dogus University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Umraniye Istanbul34775 Turkey London Metropolitan University Department of Center for Communications Technology LondonN7 8DB United Kingdom Multimedia University Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Selangor Cyberjaya63100 Malaysia

This paper addresses the challenge of early-stage cancer diagnosis using microwave imaging (MWI) techniques by targeting circulating exosomes, recently identified as promising cancer biomarkers. We introduce an innovative nano-photonic perfect absorber (NPA) operating in the terahertz (THz) range, offering a significant improvement over existing MWI-based approaches in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity. Unlike previous THz absorbers, the proposed NPA achieves an exceptionally wide operating bandwidth from 100 GHz to 50 THz with an absorption efficiency exceeding 97.5%, while featuring an ultra-compact nanoscale footprint (100 × 100 nm², thickness 30 nm). The design integrates a silver (Ag) resonator and a nickel (Ni) ground plane on a silicon dioxide (SiO₂) substrate, with meticulously tuned geometries to create multiple resonance modes, enabling continuous broadband absorption. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations validate the structure's performance, including electric and magnetic field distributions, surface currents, and scattering parameters. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art absorbers demonstrates the superior bandwidth, absorption stability, and angular robustness of our device. Furthermore, we demonstrate the NPA's unique ability to act as a label-free biosensor for exosome detection, where cancerous exosomes consistently induce stronger electric field responses than normal exosomes due to their distinct molecular compositions. These results confirm the proposed NPA as a novel, highly effective platform for non-invasive, early-stage cancer diagnostics via MWI. © 2009-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Silica fume

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Giant Second Harmonic Generation from 3R-MoS2 Metasurfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Tang, Yilin Qin, Hao de Ceglia, Domenico Yang, Wenkai Shameli, Mohammad Ali Nauman, Mudassar Morales, Rocio Camacho Yan, Jingshi Wang, Chuanyu Qiu, Shuyao Janousek, Jiri Neshev, Dragomir Lu, Yuerui School of Engineering College of Engineering Computing and Cybernetics the Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology the Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia Department of Information Engineering University of Brescia Via Branze 38 Brescia25123 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Ottica - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Branze 45 Brescia25123 Italy Viale G.P. Usberti 181/A Sede Scientifica di Ingegneria-Palazzina 3 Parma43124 Italy Faculty of Electrical Engineering K.N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran16317-14191 Iran Research School of Physics The Australian National University CanberraACT2601 Australia

Metasurfaces have long served as a cornerstone technique to enhance nonlinear processes, enabling frequency conversion, efficient light manipulation and integrated photonic devices. However, traditional bulk materials often suffer from high absorption losses, hindering the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency. Here, we develop a novel approach exploiting quasi-bound state in continuum (qBIC) to achieve giant SHG efficiency in metasurfaces utilizing 3R-MoS2, with high index, superior damage threshold and inherent nonlinearity. The high refractive index of 3R-MoS2, facilitates the high-quality factor (Q) metasurfaces, leading to reduced radiation leakage and localized light confinement within qBIC resonances, with which a remarkable 2000-fold enhancement in SHG intensity has been experimentally demonstrated. Additionally, the twist angle between the lattice orientation and the metasurface unit geometry exhibits a 120° periodicity in its influence on SHG behaviour. By strategically designing to realize the qBIC and exciton dual resonances and optimized twist angle (30°), SHG conversion efficiency was boosted to ~1%, which is around 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the best metasurfaces on traditional bulk materials. This approach enables potential applications in various areas of nonlinear optics, including frequency conversion, light manipulation, integrated photonics, and quantum communications. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical frequency conversion

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Breaking A Playfair Cipher Using Single and Multipoints Crossover Based on Heuristic Algorithms

Breaking A Playfair Cipher Using Single and Multipoints Cros...

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International Conference on Engineering technology and their Applications (IICETA)

作者： Maitham Ali Naji Hayfaa Abdulzahra Atee Rusul Sabah Jebur Dalal Abdulmohsin Hammood Chen Soong Der Ali S. Abosinnee Abidulkarim K I. Yasari R. Bdlishah Ahmad Middle Technical University (MTU)- Electrical Engineering technical college Baghdad Iraq Middle Technical University (MTU)- Institute of Administration Baghdad Iraq Faculty of Information and Communication Technology University Tenaga Nasional (UniTeN)/Putrajaya Compus Kajang. Selangor Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Faculty of Information and Communication Technology UniTeN Kuala Lumpur Malaysia The Islamic University Najaf Iraq College of Engineering Al-Muthanna University Samawah Iraq Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology) Center of Excellence Advanced Computing Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Kampus Perlis Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665494625

The process of data protection in our time is one of the most important challenges to maintain data integrity. The massive problem of breaking ciphertext is to find the key. In this work, cryptanalyze Playfair cipher is presented using a heuristic, and optimization methods search such as Memetic algorithm (MA) and Genetic algorithms (GA) to optimize fitness function. Di-gram letters are used as an essential factor in cryptanalyzing cipher. Mathematical methods are used to identify plain text. Furthermore, Single and multi-points crossover are used as parameters in the heuristic algorithm, and two points mutation as well. The results revealed that the multi-points are better than single point, which take a chance for exchanging the key to close the key encryption. In addition to, MA is better than GA, which the number of maximum correct letters in MA was 24 out of 25 letters after 100 generations, while in GA was 20 out of 24 letters after 200 generations. MATLAB application is used for programming and tested successfully

关键词： Memetics Ciphers Heuristic algorithms Search methods Sociology Optimization methods Programming

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Next Generation LEO Satellite Constellation Networks: Opportunities, Applications, and Challenges

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China communications 2025年第06期 207-219页

作者： Basem M.ElHalawany Sherief Hashima Wali Ullah Khan Li Xingwang Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Kuwait College of Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra Benha University Computational Learning Theory Team RIKEN-Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP) Engineering Dept Nuclear Research CenterEgyptian Atomic Energy Authority Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliabilityand Trust (SnT)the University of Luxembourg School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering in Wadi AddawasirPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University

Recently, a new worldwide race has emerged to achieve a breakthrough in designing and deploying massive ultra-dense low-Earth orbit(LEO) satellite constellation(SatCon) networks with the vision of providing everywhere Internet coverage from space. Several players have started the deployment phase with different scales. However, the implementation is in its infancy, and many investigations are needed. This work provides an overview of the stateof-the-art architectures, orbital patterns, top players,and potential applications of Sat Con networks. Moreover, we discuss new open research directions and challenges for improving network performance. Finally, a case study highlights the benefits of integrating Sat Con network and non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) technologies for improving the achievable capacity of satellite end-users.

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Double layer controller for distributed software defined network in mitigating cyber attacks

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2898卷

作者： Man Yee Wong Naimah Yaakob M. Rashidi Che Beson R. Badlishah Ahmad Nur Idawati Md Enzai Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Perlis Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Advanced Computing (ADVCOMP) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Perlis Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Centre of Excellence Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Perlis Malaysia School of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Terengganu Branch Dungun Terengganu Malaysia

Many traditional network encryption models are ill-suited for integration within Software Defined Networks (SDNs) due to their detachment from the control plane and their distinct programmable attributes. An SDN, functioning as a software component on a server, furnishes essential resources and intelligence for managing data plane programming within a network context. However, the adoption of SDNs brings forth challenges, such as concerns regarding scalability and reliability within centralized architectures. To counter these, the control plane's physical decentralization is contemplated, though this approach introduces its own set of complexities. This paper introduces a novel solution in the form of a double layer controller aimed at enhancing SDN security. The approach encompasses performance assessment metrics like packet loss, latency, bit rate, and network congestion. Notably, vulnerabilities arise from the potential remote manipulation of switch configurations to connect with an OpenFlow-capable controller. Acknowledging the limitations of existing methods, especially their inability to accommodate large-scale networks, the proposed technique leverages a double layer controller and employs multi-flow state dynamics to gather core network status information before conveying it to users. This approach not only enhances resilience and dependability compared to prior methodologies but also triggers alerts in response to unhealthy network metrics, thereby elevating accuracy and fortifying network security.

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Miniaturized Spiral UWB Transparent Wearable Flexible Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection

Miniaturized Spiral UWB Transparent Wearable Flexible Antenn...

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International Symposium on Networks, Computers and communications (ISNCC)

作者： Tale Saeidi Sarmad Nozad Mahmood Asnor Juraiza Ishak Sameer Alani Shahid M. Ali Idris Ismail Adam R. H. Alhawari Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Perak Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Centre for Advanced Computing Technology (C-ACT) Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Melaka Malaysia College of Engineering Najran University Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781728156286

ISBN: (纸本)9781728156293

A layer of Kapton polyimide with the dielectric constant of 3.5 as substrate and indium tin oxide (ITO) as conductor (10 × 10 × 0. 375 mm3) are used to construct a miniaturized flexible transparent ultrawideband (UWB) antenna. The antenna's performances are investigated and evaluated using an ITO transparent conductor in both frequency and time domain. The proposed antenna achieves the wide bandwidth (BW) of 3.26-23.37 GHz, more than 65 % radiation efficiency for most of the working BW, and maximum radiation efficiency of 90 percent at 15 GHz. Besides, it depicts a stable radiation pattern at most of the operating band and a maximum gain of 3.87 dBi. The good agreement between the simulation and measurement results, time-domain considerations, and the reconstructed image of the tumor makes the antenna capable of working in many applications, especially for breast and skin cancer detection.

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Personalized learning in hybrid education

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-18页

作者： Khadidos, Alaa O. Manoharan, Hariprasath Khadidos, Adil O. N. Alanazi, Mohammad Alanazi, Fuhid Selvarajan, Shitharth Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Panimalar Engineering College Poonamallee Chennai India Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia College of Computer and Information Sciences Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh 13318 Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Islamic University of Madinah Madinah 42351 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Kebri Dehar University Kebri Dehar 250 Ethiopia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai Institute of Technology Chennai India Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura 140401 India Center of Research Excellence in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

The process of teaching and learning during the pandemic has been evolving globally, with many institutions transforming their approaches to enhance the teaching and learning experience. Despite the presence of improved frameworks due to the varied learning capabilities of students, it remains quite challenging to analyse individual characteristic features. Consequently, this research provides clear insights into the integration of the Personalised Learning Approach (PLA) to foster effective interaction with students. However, many existing methods suggest different techniques for evaluating learners in a hybrid mode, where obtaining clear data sets can be difficult. In the teaching and learning approach, if the defined data set from experts is clear, decisions regarding the learning characteristics of students can be made in a shorter period. In the proposed method the PLA framework categorizes learners into four engagement-based clusters using a three-dimensional sensor model and machine learning classifiers. A dual-controller mechanism (master-slave) dynamically adjusts communication intervals and optimizes video transmission, reducing latency and packet loss. The methodology is validated using MATLAB-based simulations with a dataset of 1,700–5,000 learners, analyzing throughput, delay, packet loss, and cost efficiency. The test results clearly demonstrate that the PLA outperforms the conventional method, not only with the parameters mentioned above but also in terms of cost-effectiveness using master and slave controllers. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Machine learning (ML) Personalized learning approach (PLA) Teaching learning Video classes

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A wideband wearable antenna using DGS method with bending and wet performance analysis at sub-6 GHz 5G band

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3161卷

作者： S. K. Noor R. Nurulazlina C. H. C. Alexander T. Islam Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Centre for Advanced Electrical & Electronic System (CAEES) Faculty of Engineering Built Environment and Information Technology SEGi University 47610 Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation School of Engineering Jalan Teknologi 5 Taman Teknologi Malaysia 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Texas USA

In this paper, it introduces a compact (44mm x 50mm) wearable antenna made of fabric that operates within the sub-6 GHz range for 5G New Radio technology. The concept of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) was implemented to achieve wider bandwidth. The antenna relies on a felt textile base with a relative permittivity of 1.45 and a thickness of 3 millimeters. This base is then sandwiched between two layers of a special electrically conductive fabric called “Super shield it” for the ground and radiating planes. This new antenna design offers several advantages over similar wearable antennas for sub-6 GHz 5G. Unlike previous designs, this antenna maintains high performance even when bent or wet, making it more durable for real-world use. Moreover, the simulated bandwidth obtained was 140 MHz (3.42 to 3.56 GHz) at frees space flat condition and measured bandwidth was 1700 MHz which covers n77 and n78 band of the sub-6 GHz. The proposed antenna obtained an overall simulated gain of 2.67 dBi and directivity of 7.15 dBi when placed on the four-layer human phantom. The proposed wearable antenna covered the desired frequency range when subjected to bending, partially wet and fully wet. Lastly, the obtained Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is 0.106 W/Kg which makes the proposed antenna safe to be used for body- centric communication.

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