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Loophole-free test of macroscopic realism via high-order correlations of measurement

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Ping Chen, Chong Liao, Hao Vorobyov, Vadim V. Wrachtrup, Jörg Liu, Ren-Bao College of Education for the Future Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Shatin Hong Kong Centre for Quantum Coherence The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Shatin Hong Kong The Hong Kong Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Shatin Hong Kong National Engineering Laboratory on Big Data System Computing Technology Guangdong Province Engineering Center of China-made High Performance Data Computing System College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China 3rd Institute of Physics Research Center SCoPE and IQST University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany New Cornerstone Science Laboratory The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Shatin Hong Kong

Test of macroscopic realism (MR) is key to understanding the foundation of quantum mechanics. Due to the existence of the non-invasive measurability loophole and other interpretation loopholes, however, such test remains an open question. Here we propose a general inequality based on high-order correlations of measurements for a loophole-free test of MR at the weak signal limit. Importantly, the inequality is established using the statistics of raw data recorded by classical devices, without requiring a specific model for the measurement process, so its violation would falsify MR without the interpretation loophole. The non-invasive measurability loophole is also closed, since the weak signal limit can be verified solely by measurement data (using the relative scaling behaviors of different orders of correlations). We demonstrate that the inequality can be broken by a quantum spin model. The inequality proposed here provides an unambiguous test of the MR principle and is also useful to characterizing quantum coherence. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum theory

Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape

Micro-Expression Recognition based on 2D Gabor Filter and Sparse Representation

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2017年第1期787卷

作者： Hao Zheng Key Laboratory of Trusted Cloud Computing and Big Data Analysis School of Information Engineering Nanjing XiaoZhuang University Nanjing China MOE Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China

Micro-expression recognition is always a challenging problem for its quick facial expression. This paper proposed a novel method named 2D Gabor filter and Sparse Representation (2DGSR) to deal with the recognition of micro-expression. In our method, 2D Gabor filter is used for enhancing the robustness of the variations due to increasing the discrimination power. While the sparse representation is applied to deal with the subtlety, and cast recognition as a sparse approximation problem. We compare our method to other popular methods in three spontaneous micro-expression recognition databases. The results show that our method has more excellent performance than other methods.

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Artificial Intelligence without Restriction Surpassing Human Intelligence with Probability One: Theoretical Insight into Secrets of the Brain with AI Twins of the Brain

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Guang-Bin Westover, M. Brandon Tan, Eng-King Wang, Haibo Cui, Dongshun Ma, Wei-Ying Wang, Tiantong He, Qi Wei, Haikun Wang, Ning Tian, Qiyuan Lam, Kwok-Yan Yao, Xin Wong, Tien Yin School of Automation Southeast University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Nanjing China Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston United States Department of Neurology National Neuroscience Institute Singapore Research Centre of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China Duke-NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore Mind PointEye Singapore Institute for AI Industry Research Tsinghua University Beijing China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Singapore AI Safety Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Data Science Lingnan University Hong Kong School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Tsinghua Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has apparently become one of the most important techniques discovered by humans in history while the human brain is widely recognized as one of the most complex systems in the universe. One fundamental critical question which would affect human sustainability remains open: Will artificial intelligence (AI) evolve to surpass human intelligence in the future? This paper shows that in theory new AI twins with fresh cellular level of AI techniques for neuroscience could approximate the brain and its functioning systems (e.g. perception and cognition functions) with any expected small error and AI without restrictions could surpass human intelligence with probability one in the end. This paper indirectly proves the validity of the conjecture made by Frank Rosenblatt 70 years ago about the potential capabilities of AI, especially in the realm of artificial neural networks. This paper also gives the answer to the two widely discussed fundamental questions: 1) whether AI could have potentials of discovering new principles in nature;2) whether error backpropagation (BP) algorithm commonly and efficiently used in tuning parameters in AI applications is also adopted in the brain. Intelligence is just one of fortuitous but sophisticated creations of the nature which has not been fully discovered. Like mathematics and physics, with no restrictions artificial intelligence would lead to a new subject with its self-contained systems and principles. We anticipate that this paper opens new doors for 1) AI twins and other AI techniques to be used in cellular level of efficient neuroscience dynamic analysis, functioning analysis of the brain and brain illness solutions;2) new worldwide collaborative scheme for interdisciplinary teams concurrently working on and modelling different types of neurons and synapses and different level of functioning subsystems of the brain with AI techniques;3) development of low energy of AI techniques with the aid of fundament

关键词： Neurology

Finger Vein Biometric Identification Using Discretization Method

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1878卷

作者： Y H Yahaya W Y Leng S M Shamsuddin Computer Science Department. Faculty of Science and Defence Technology Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia 53100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia School of Computing Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 83100 Skudai JB Malaysia UTM Big Data Centre Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 83100 Skudai JB Malaysia

Over the past years, finger vein identification has gaining increasing attention in biometrics. It has many advantages as compared to other biometrics such as living-body identification, difficult to counterfeit because it resides underneath the finger skin and noninvasiveness. Finger vein feature extraction plays an important role in finger vein identification. The performance of finger vein identification is highly depending on the meaningful extracted features from feature extraction process. However, most of the works focus on how to extract the individual features and not presenting the individual characteristic of finger vein patterns with systematic representation. This paper proposed an improved scheme of finger vein feature extraction method by adopting discretization method. The extracted features will be represented systematically way in order to make classification task easier and increase the identification accuracy rate. The experimental result shows that the accuracy rate of identification of the proposed framework using Discretization is above 98.0%.

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A novel binary modified beluga whale optimization algorithm using ring crossover and probabilistic state mutation for enhanced bladder cancer diagnosis

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Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2024年 50卷

作者： Gharaibeh, Hasan Alawad, Noor Aldeen Nasayreh, Ahmad Al Mamlook, Rabia Emhamed Makhadmeh, Sharif Naser Bashkami, Ayah Abualigah, Laith Ezugwu, Absalom E. Computer Science Department Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Sciences Yarmouk University Irbid 21163 Jordan Department of Business Administration Trine University IN United States Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Zawia Tripoli Libya Department of Information Technology King Abdullah II School of Information Technology The University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan Department Medical Laboratory Sciences – Faculty of Science Al Balqa Applied University Salt 19117 Jordan Department of Cyber Security and Cloud Computing Faculty of Information Technology Applied Science Private University Amman 11937 Jordan Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center University of Tabuk Tabuk 71491 Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Al al-Bayt University Mafraq 25113 Jordan MEU Research Unit Middle East University Amman 11831 Jordan Applied science research center Applied science private university Amman 11931 Jordan Centre for Research Impact & Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura 140401 India Unit for Data Science and Computing North-West University 11 Hofman Street Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC) College of Engineering and Information Technology Ajman University Ajman P.O. Box 346 United Arab Emirates

Bladder cancer (BC) remains a significant global health challenge, requiring the development of accurate predictive models for diagnosis. In this study, a new Binary Modified White Whale Optimization (B-MBWO) algorithm is proposed to address the BC problem. The proposed method utilizes circular transitivity optimization and the Probabilistic State Mutation Algorithm (PSMA) to enhance its optimization performance. The new method is called the BBWORCPS algorithm. High-dimensional and complex medical datasets pose challenges to the original optimization algorithms in addressing the BC problem, motivating the proposed modifications to the original Beluga Whale Optimization algorithm. These enhancements, including quantum-inspired mutation and circular crossing, aim to improve solution space exploration and enhance the algorithm's effectiveness in handling intricate feature spaces. Through comprehensive experiments on BC datasets, the superiority of the BBWORCPS algorithm in terms of feature selection accuracy and computational efficiency is demonstrated compared to existing optimization methods. The obtained findings suggest that BBWORCPS offers a promising approach for developing more precise and reliable predictive models for bladder cancer analysis. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Binary modified beluga whale optimization Bladder cancer Feature selection Machine learning Predictive modeling

big data: Prospects and Challenges

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Vikalpa 2015年第1期40卷 74 - 96页

作者： Janakiraman Moorthy Rangin Lahiri Neelanjan Biswas Dipyaman Sanyal Jayanthi Ranjan Krishnadas Nanath Pulak Ghosh (Coordinator) Director and Professor of Marketing at the Institute of Management Technology Dubai. Earlier he was Professor of Marketing at the IIM Calcutta and IIM Lucknow. He received his PhD from IIM Ahmedabad. His recent research papers were published in the leading scholarly ournals such as Marketing Science British Food Journal Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management. He has wide experience in the banking and investment industry. He was earlier the Global Research and Project Director of the Institute for Customer Relationship Management Atlanta USA. He was the Convener of the prestigious CAT Exam 2011. e-mail: Practice Director leading Atos India's CRM practice while supporting Strategic Business Development for North American Market. With an experience of more than 15 years Rangin has worked extensively as a Business Consultant in Information Technology (Sales Automation Marketing & Service Management area) Customer Data Management and CRM Analytics. e-mail: Business Consultant at Atos with extensive experience in Business Analysis Risk Management Analytics Business Development Presales Solution Ideation on Enterprise Data Management Enterprise Reference Data and Master Data Management area. e-mail: founder and CEO of dono consulting a boutique quantitative analytics and investment research firm. He has worked for leading financial firms in New York and India including Dow Jones Blackstone Sorin Capital (VP Quantitative Modeling) and Thomson Reuters (Head of Real Estate Analytics). A CFA charter holder and Commonwealth Scholar Deep has an MS (Applied Economics) from University of Texas Dallas and an MA (Economics) from Jadavpur University e-mail: Professor in the Information Systems Group of the Institute of Management Technology Ghaziabad. Her PhD is in the field of data mining from Jamia Millia Islamia Central University India. She has published five edited books. She is serving on the editorial b

VerSe: A Vertebrae Labelling and Segmentation Benchmark for Multi-detector CT Images

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Sekuboyina, Anjany Kumar Husseini, Malek E. Bayat, Amirhossein Löffler, Maximilian Liebl, Hans Li, Hongwei Tetteh, Giles Kukačka, Jan Payer, Christian Štern, Darko Urschler, Martin Chen, Maodong Cheng, Dalong Lessmann, Nikolas Hu, Yujin Wang, Tianfu Yang, Dong Xu, Daguang Ambellan, Felix Amiranashvili, Tamaz Ehlke, Moritz Lamecker, Hans Lehnert, Sebastian Lirio, Marilia de Olaguer, Nicolás Pérez Ramm, Heiko Sahu, Manish Tack, Alexander Zachow, Stefan Jiang, Tao Ma, Xinjun Angerman, Christoph Wang, Xin Brown, Kevin Kirszenberg, Alexandre Puybareau, Élodie Chen, Di Bai, Yiwei Rapazzo, Brandon H. Yeah, Timyoas Zhang, Amber Xu, Shangliang Hou, Feng He, Zhiqiang Zeng, Chan Xiangshang, Zheng Liming, Xu Netherton, Tucker J. Mumme, Raymond P. Court, Laurence E. Huang, Zixun He, Chenhang Wang, Li-Wen Ling, Sai Ho Huynh, Lê Duy Boutry, Nicolas Jakubicek, Roman Chmelik, Jiri Mulay, Supriti Sivaprakasam, Mohanasankar Paetzold, Johannes C. Shit, Suprosanna Ezhov, Ivan Wiestler, Benedikt Glocker, Ben Valentinitsch, Alexander Rempfler, Markus Menze, Björn H. Kirschke, Jan S. Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Germany Munich School of BioEngineering Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Neuroradiology Klinikum Rechts der Isar Germany Department for Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Switzerland Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Engineering Switzerland Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging Helmholtz Zentrum München Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London United Kingdom Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Biophysics Medical University of Graz Austria School of Computer Science The University of Auckland New Zealand Computer Vision Group iFLYTEK Research South China China Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data China School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University China NVIDIA Corporation United States Zuse Institute Berlin Germany 1000shapes GmbH Berlin Germany Damo Academy Alibaba Group China Department of Mathematics University of Innsbruck Austria Department of Electronic Engineering Fudan University China New York University United States France Deep Reasoning AI Inc United States Technical University of Munich Germany East China Normal University China Chinese Academy of Sciences China Lenovo Group China Ping An Technologies China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University China Real Doctor AI Research Centre Zhejiang University China The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center United States Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University China The School of Biomedical Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering Brno University of Technology Czech Republic India

Vertebral labelling and segmentation are two fundamental tasks in an automated spine processing pipeline. Reliable and accurate processing of spine images is expected to benefit clinical decision support systems for diagnosis, surgery planning, and population-based analysis of spine and bone health. However, designing automated algorithms for spine processing is challenging predominantly due to considerable variations in anatomy and acquisition protocols and due to a severe shortage of publicly available data. Addressing these limitations, the Large Scale Vertebrae Segmentation Challenge (VerSe) was organised in conjunction with the International Conference on Medical Image computing and computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) in 2019 and 2020, with a call for algorithms tackling the labelling and segmentation of vertebrae. Two datasets containing a total of 374 multi-detector CT scans from 355 patients were prepared and 4505 vertebrae have individually been annotated at voxel level by a human-machine hybrid algorithm (https://***/nqjyw/, https://***/t98fz/). A total of 25 algorithms were benchmarked on these datasets. In this work, we present the results of this evaluation and further investigate the performance variation at the vertebra level, scan level, and different fields of view. We also evaluate the generalisability of the approaches to an implicit domain shift in data by evaluating the top-performing algorithms of one challenge iteration on data from the other iteration. The principal takeaway from VerSe: the performance of an algorithm in labelling and segmenting a spine scan hinges on its ability to correctly identify vertebrae in cases of rare anatomical variations. The VerSe content and code can be accessed at: https://***/anjany/verse. © 2020, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： computerized tomography

Unleashing the Strengths of Unlabeled data in Pan-cancer Abdominal Organ Quantification: The FLARE22 Challenge

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ma, Jun Zhang, Yao Gu, Song Ge, Cheng Ma, Shihao Young, Adamo Zhu, Cheng Meng, Kangkang Yang, Xin Huang, Ziyan Zhang, Fan Liu, Wentao Pan, YuanKe Huang, Shoujin Wang, Jiacheng Sun, Mingze Xu, Weixin Jia, Dengqiang Choi, Jae Won Alves, Natália de Wilde, Bram Koehler, Gregor Wu, Yajun Wiesenfarth, Manuel Zhu, Qiongjie Dong, Guoqiang He, Jian Wang, Bo He, Junjun Yang, Hua Yang, Huihua Huang, Bingding Lyu, Mengye Ma, Yongkang Guo, Heng Zhang, Rongguo Maier-Hein, Klaus The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Peter Munk Cardiac Centre University Health Network Vector Institute Toronto Canada Shanghai AI Laboratory Shanghai200232 China The Department of Image Reconstruction Nanjing Anke Medical Technology Co. Ltd. Nanjing211113 China Ocean University of China Qingdao266100 China The Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Peter Munk Cardiac Centre University Health Network Vector Institute Toronto Canada Tinavi Medical Technologies Co. Ltd. Beijing100192 China University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China The School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen518055 China The Department of Radiological Algorithm Fosun Aitrox Information Technology Co. Ltd. Shanghai200033 China The School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen518000 China Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China Alibaba Beijing100084 China Infervision Medical Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing100025 China Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering 000000 Hong Kong The Department of Radiology Armed Forces Yangju Hospital Yangju11429 Korea Republic of The Department of Radiology Radboudumc Nijmegen6525XZ Netherlands The Department of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg69120 Germany ShenZhen Yorktal DMIT LLC Shenzhen518100 China Heidelberg69120 Germany The Department of Nuclear Medicine Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing210008 China The College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen518188 China The College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen China The Manteia Technologies Co. Ltd Xiamen China The Alibaba DAMO Academy Beijing China The Peter Munk Cardiac Centre University Health Network Department of Laboratory M

Quantitative organ assessment is an essential step in automated abdominal disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great potential to automatize this process. However, most existing AI algorithms rely on many expert annotations and lack a comprehensive evaluation of accuracy and efficiency in real-world multinational settings. To overcome these limitations, we organized the FLARE 2022 Challenge, the largest abdominal organ analysis challenge to date, to benchmark fast, low-resource, accurate, annotation-efficient, and generalized AI algorithms. We constructed an intercontinental and multinational dataset from more than 50 medical groups, including Computed Tomography (CT) scans with different races, diseases, phases, and manufacturers. We independently validated that a set of AI algorithms achieved a median Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 90.0% by using 50 labeled scans and 2000 unlabeled scans, which can significantly reduce annotation requirements. The best-performing algorithms successfully generalized to holdout external validation sets, achieving a median DSC of 89.5%, 90.9%, and 88.3% on North American, European, and Asian cohorts, respectively. They also enabled automatic extraction of key organ biology features, which was labor-intensive with traditional manual measurements. This opens the potential to use unlabeled data to boost performance and alleviate annotation shortages for modern AI models. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Diseases