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High-quality high-order harmonic generation through preplasma truncation

Physical Review E 2019年第5期100卷 053207-053207页

作者： B. Y. Li F. Liu M. Chen Z. Y. Chen X. H. Yuan S. M. Weng T. Jin S. G. Rykovanov J. W. Wang Z. M. Sheng J. Zhang Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA) Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Institute of Fluid Physics China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621999 China Zhiyuan College Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow 121205 Russia Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China SUPA Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Glasgow G4 0NG United Kingdom

By introducing preplasma truncation to cases with an initial preplasma scale length larger than 0.2λ, the efficiency of high-order harmonics generated from relativistic laser-solid interactions can be enhanced by more than one order of magnitude and the angular spread can be confined into near-diffraction-limited divergence. Numerical simulations show that density truncation results in more compact oscillation of the surface electron sheet and the curvature of the reflection surface for the driving laser is greatly reduced. This leads to an overall improvement in the harmonic beam quality. More importantly, density truncation makes the harmonic generation weakly dependent on the preplasma scale length, which provides a way to relax the extremely high requirement on the temporal contrast of the driving laser pulse. A feasible scheme to realize the required preplasma truncation is also proposed and demonstrated by numerical simulations.

关键词： High intensity laser-plasma interactions High-order harmonic generation X-ray generation in plasmas

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UNCOVER: The growth of the first massive black holes from JWST/NIRSpec – spectroscopic redshift confirmation of an X-ray luminous AGN at z=10.1

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Goulding, Andy D. Greene, Jenny E. Setton, David J. Labbe, Ivo Bezanson, Rachel Miller, Tim B. Atek, Hakim Bogdán, Ákos Brammer, Gabriel Chemerynska, Iryna Cutler, Sam E. Dayal, Pratika Fudamoto, Yoshinobu Fujimoto, Seiji Furtak, Lukas J. Kokorev, Vasily Khullar, Gourav Leja, Joel Marchesini, Danilo Natarajan, Priyamvada Nelson, Erica Oesch, Pascal A. Pan, Richard Papovich, Casey Price, Sedona H. van Dokkum, Pieter Wang, Bingjie Weaver, John R. Whitaker, Katherine E. Zitrin, Adi Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy PITT PACC University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology MelbourneVIC3122 Australia Department of Astronomy Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University 1800 Sherman Ave EvanstonIL60201 United States Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris CNRS Sorbonne Université 98bis Boulevard Arago Paris75014 France Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 128 København NDK-2200 Denmark Department of Astronomy University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo Japan Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Physics Department Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Be’er-Sheva84105 Israel Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen P.O. Box 800 Groningen9700AV Netherlands Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Institute for Computational & Data Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Physics and Astronomy Department Tufts University 574 Boston Ave. MedfordMA02155 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Black Hole Initiative

The James Webb Space Telescope is now detecting early black holes (BHs) as they transition from "seeds" to supermassive BHs. Recently, Bogdan et al. (2023) reported the detection of an X-ray luminous supermassive BH, UHZ-1, with a photometric redshift at z > 10. Such an extreme source at this very high redshift provides new insights on seeding and growth models for BHs given the short time available for formation and growth. Harnessing the exquisite sensitivity of JWST/NIRSpec, here we report the spectroscopic confirmation of UHZ-1 at z = 10.073±0.002. We find that the NIRSpec/Prism spectrum is typical of recently discovered z ≈ 10 galaxies, characterized primarily by star-formation features. We see no clear evidence of the powerful X-ray source in the rest-frame UV/optical spectrum, which may suggest heavy obscuration of the central BH, in line with the Compton-thick column density measured in the X-rays. We perform a stellar population fit simultaneously to the new NIRSpec spectroscopy and previously available photometry. The fit yields a stellar mass estimate for the host galaxy that is significantly better constrained than prior photometric estimates (M* ∼ 1.4+0−034 × 108 M☉). Given the predicted BH mass (MBH ∼ 107 − 108 M☉), the resulting ratio of MBH/M* remains two to three orders of magnitude higher than local values, thus lending support to the heavy seeding channel for the formation of supermassive BHs within the first billion years of cosmic evolution. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Black holes

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UNCOVER: A NIRSpec Census of Lensed Galaxies at z = 8.50-13.08 Probing a High AGN Fraction and Ionized Bubbles in the Shadow

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Fujimoto, Seiji Wang, Bingjie Weaver, John R. Kokorev, Vasily Atek, Hakim Bezanson, Rachel Labbe, Ivo Brammer, Gabriel Greene, Jenny E. Chemerynska, Iryna Dayal, Pratika de Graaff, Anna Furtak, Lukas J. Oesch, Pascal A. Setton, David J. Price, Sedona H. Miller, Tim B. Williams, Christina C. Whitaker, Katherine E. Zitrin, Adi Cutler, Sam E. Leja, Joel Pan, Richard Coe, Dan van Dokkum, Pieter Feldmann, Robert Fudamoto, Yoshinobu Goulding, Andy D. Khullar, Gourav Marchesini, Danilo Maseda, Michael Nanayakkara, Themiya Nelson, Erica J. Smit, Renske Stefanon, Mauro Weibel, Andrea Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Institute for Computational & Data Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Astronomy University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris CNRS Sorbonne Université 98bis Boulevard Arago Paris75014 France Department of Physics and Astronomy PITT PACC University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology MelbourneVIC3122 Australia Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 128 København NDK-2200 Denmark Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University 4 Ivy Lane PrincetonNJ08544 United States Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Physics Department Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Be'er-Sheva84105 Israel Department of Astronomy University of Geneva Chemin Pegasi 51 Versoix1290 Switzerland Department of Astronomy Yale University New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University 1800 Sherman Ave EvanstonIL60201 United States NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory 950 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85719 United States Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Tufts University 574 Boston Ave. MedfordMA02155 United States 3700 San Martin Drive BaltimoreMD21218 United States United States Center for Astrophysical Sciences Department of Physics

We present JWST NIRSpec prism spectroscopy of lensed galaxies at z 9 found behind the massive galaxy cluster Abell 2744 in the UNCOVER Cycle 1 Treasury Program. We confirm the redshift via emission lines and/or the Lyα break for ten galaxies at z = 8.50-13.08 down to MUV = −17.3. We achieve a 100% confirmation rate for z > 9 candidates reported in Atek et al. (2023b). Using six sources with multiple line detections, we find that offsets in redshift estimates between the lines and the Lyα break alone can be ±0.2, raising caution in designing future follow-up spectroscopy for the break-only sources. With spec-z confirmed sources in UNCOVER and literature, we derive lower limits on the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) at z 9-12 and find that these lower limits agree with recent photometric measurements. We identify at least two unambiguous and several possible active galactic nucleus (AGN) systems based on X-ray, broad Hβ, high ionization lines (e.g., N iv] λ1487, C iv λ1549), and excess in UVLF. This requires the AGN LFs at z 9-10 to be comparable or even higher than the X-ray AGN LF estimated at z ∼ 6 and suggests a plausible cause of the high abundance of z > 9 galaxies claimed in the recent photometric measurements is AGNs. One UV-luminous source is confirmed at the same redshift as a broad-line AGN at z = 8.50 with a physical separation of 380 kpc in the source plane. These two sources show the emission blueward of Lyα, indicating a giant ionized bubble enclosing them with a radius of 7.69 ± 0.18 pMpc. Our results imply that AGNs have a non-negligible contribution to cosmic reionization. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmology

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Publisher Correction: Reference component analysis of single-cell transcriptomes elucidates cellular heterogeneity in human colorectal tumors

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Nature genetics 2023年第1期55卷 166页

作者： Huipeng Li Elise T Courtois Debarka Sengupta Yuliana Tan Kok Hao Chen Jolene Jie Lin Goh Say Li Kong Clarinda Chua Lim Kiat Hon Wah Siew Tan Mark Wong Paul Jongjoon Choi Lawrence J K Wee Axel M Hillmer Iain Beehuat Tan Paul Robson Shyam Prabhakar Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Developmental Cellomics Laboratory Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Center for Computational Biology Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi India. Synthetic Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore. Department of Pathology Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore. Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore. Data Analytics Department Institute for Infocomm Research Singapore Singapore. Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. iain.tan.b.h@singhealth.com.sg. Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore Singapore. iain.tan.b.h@singhealth.com.sg. Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore. iain.tan.b.h@singhealth.com.sg. Developmental Cellomics Laboratory Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. paul.robson@***. The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA. paul.robson@***. Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Institute for Systems Genomics University of Connecticut Farmington Connecticut USA. paul.robson@***. Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore. paul.robson@***. Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore. prabhakars@gis.a-star.edu.sg.

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Soft MAX phases with boron substitution: A computational prediction

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Physical Review Materials 2018年第10期2卷 103605-103605页

作者： Poulami Chakraborty Aurab Chakrabarty Amlan Dutta Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences JD Block Sector III Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India Center for Mathematical Computational and Data Science Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India

With a goal to improve upon the mechanical properties of the MAX phase, materials of high technological interest, we explore boron substitution in these compounds. Employing first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, combined with continuum modeling to access the core structure of dislocations, we investigate the effect of boron-substitution on plastic deformation properties of a typical MAX phase compound, V2AlC. Our T=0 K results show that, due to the differential nature of chemical bonding between V and B compared to that between V and C, both V-Al and V-B basal slip planes get activated in boron-substituted compounds, compared to only V-Al basal slip in the parent compound. This, in turn, makes the boron compounds significantly more ductile compared to their carbide counterpart V2AlC. The computation of temperature-dependent free energies of stable and unstable stacking faults further reveals the important and interesting role of thermal fluctuations in the deformation behavior of the boride compounds at elevated temperature. This suggests a change in the microscopic mechanism of plastic deformation upon varying temperature condition in the proposed boron compounds. Our study should motivate future exploration of boron-based MAX compounds.

关键词： Plasticity

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Extending the π-Conjugated System in Spiro-Type Hole Transport Material Enhances the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Modules

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第29期135卷

作者： Xuepeng Liu Bin Ding Mingyuan Han Zhenhai Yang Jianlin Chen Pengju Shi Xiangying Xue Rahim Ghadari Xianfu Zhang Rui Wang Keith Brooks Li Tao Sachin Kinge Songyuan Dai Jiang Sheng Paul J. Dyson Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin Yong Ding Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells School of New Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P. R. China Contribution: Investigation (lead) Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland Contribution: Methodology (lead) Contribution: Methodology (equal) Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China Contribution: Data curation (equal) Contribution: Validation (equal) School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China Contribution: Formal analysis (equal) Contribution: Investigation (equal) Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Organic and Biochemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz *** Iran Contribution: Software (lead) Contribution: Visualization (equal) School of Microelectronic & Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China Toyota Motor Europe Toyota Motor Technical Centre Advanced Technology Div. Hoge Wei 33 1930 Zaventum Belgium Contribution: Resources (equal) Contribution: Supervision (equal) Contribution: Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Supervision (equal) Writing - original draft (lead)

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are a key component of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The small molecular 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl)-amine-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD, termed “Spiro”) is the most successful HTM used in PSCs, but its versatility is imperfect. To improve its performance, we developed a novel spiro-type HTM (termed “DP”) by substituting four anisole units on Spiro with 4-methoxybiphenyl moieties. By extending the π-conjugation of Spiro in this way, the HOMO level of the HTM matches well with the perovskite valence band, enhancing hole mobility and increasing the glass transition temperature. DP-based PSC achieves high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.24 % for small-area (0.06 cm 2 ) devices and 21.86 % for modules (designated area of 27.56 cm 2 ), along with the certified efficiency of 21.78 % on a designated area of 27.86 cm 2 . The encapsulated DP-based devices maintain 95.1 % of the initial performance under ISOS-L-1 conditions after 2560 hours and 87 % at the ISOS-L-3 conditions over 600 hours.

关键词： Hole Transport Materials Modules Perovskite Solar Cells π-Conjugated System Stability

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Streams, Shells, and Substructures in the Accretion-Built Stellar Halo of NGC 300

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Fielder, Catherine E. Sand, David J. Jones, Michael G. Crnojević, Denija Drlica-Wagner, Alex Bennet, Paul Carlin, Jeffrey L. Cerny, William Doliva-Dolinsky, Amandine Hunter, Laura C. Karunakaran, Ananthan Limberg, Guilherme Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin Pace, Andrew B. Pearson, Sarah Smercina, Adam Spekkens, Kristine Starkenburg, Tjitske Strader, Jay Stringfellow, Guy S. Tollerud, Erik Bom, Clecio R. Carballo-Bello, Julio A. Chaturvedi, Astha Choi, Yumi James, David J. Martínez-Vázquez, Clara E. Riley, Alex Sakowska, Joanna Vivas, Kathy Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721-0065 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tampa 401 West Kennedy Boulevard TampaFL33606 United States Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL United States Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive BaltimoreMD21218 United States AURA/Rubin Observatory 950 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85719 United States Department of Astronomy Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Dartmouth College HanoverNH03755 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Astronomy University of Virginia 530 McCormick Rd CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Physics and Space Science Royal Military College of Canada P.O. Box 17000 Station Forces KingstonONK7K 7B4 Canada Department of Physics Engineering Physics and Astronomy Queen's University KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Department of Physics & Astronomy CIERA Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Center for Data Intensive and Time Domain Astronomy Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy University of Colorado 389 UCB BoulderCO80309-0389 United States Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150 RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7D Arica Chile Department of Physics University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom NSF NOIRLab 95

We present deep optical observations of the stellar halo of NGC 300, an LMC-mass galaxy, acquired with the DEEP sub-component of the DECam Local Volume Exploration survey (DELVE) using the 4 m Blanco Telescope. Our resolved star analysis reveals a large, low surface brightness stellar stream (MV ∼ -8.5;[Fe/H] = -1.4± 0.15) extending more than 40 kpc north from the galaxy's center. We also find other halo structures, including potentially an additional stream wrap to the south, which may be associated with the main stream. The morphology and derived low metallicities of the streams and shells discovered surrounding NGC 300 are highly suggestive of a past accretion event. Assuming a single progenitor, the accreted system is approximately Fornax-like in luminosity, with an inferred mass ratio to NGC 300 of approximately 1 : 15. We also present the discovery of a metal-poor globular cluster (Rproj = 23.3 kpc;MV = -8.99± 0.16;[Fe/H] ≈ -1.6± 0.6) in the halo of NGC 300, the furthest identified globular cluster associated with NGC 300. The stellar structures around NGC 300 represent the richest features observed in a Magellanic Cloud analog to date, strongly supporting the idea that accretion and subsequent disruption is an important mechanism in the assembly of dwarf galaxy stellar halos. © 2025, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Stars

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PANDORA project: photo-nuclear reactions below A=60

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tamii, A. Pellegri, L. Söderström, P.-A. Allard, D. Goriely, S. Inakura, T. Khan, E. Kido, E. Kimura, M. Litvinova, E. Nagataki, S. von Neumann-Cosel, P. Pietralla, N. Shimizu, N. Tsoneva, N. Utsuno, Y. Adachi, S. Bahini, A. Balabanski, D. Baret, B. Bekker, J.A.C. Binda, S.D. Boicu, E. Bracco, A. Brandherm, I. Brezeanu, M. Brummer, J.W. Camera, F. Crespi, F.C.L. Dalal, R. Donaldson, L.M. Fujikawa, Y. Furuno, T. Haoning, H. Honda, Y. Gavrilescu, A. Inoue, A. Isaak, J. Jivan, H. Jones, P.M. Jongile, S. Kawabata, T. Khumalo, T. Kiener, J. Kleemann, J. Kobayashi, N. Koshio, Y. Kuşoğlu, A. Li, K.C.W. Malatji, K.L. Molaeng, R.E. Motoki, H. Murata, M. Netshiya, A. Neveling, R. Niina, R. Oliver, J. Okamoto, S. Ota, S. Papst, O. Parizot, E. Petruse, T. Reen, M.S. Ring, P. Sakanashi, K. Sideras-Haddad, E. Siem, S. Spall, M. Suda, T. Sudo, T. Taniguchi, Y. Tatischeff, V. Utsunomiya, H. Wang, H. Werner, V. Wibowo, H. Wiedeking, M. Wieland, O. Xu, Y. Osaka University Ibaraki567-0047 Japan School of Physics University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg2050 South Africa iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences Somerset West7129 South Africa Str. Reactorului 30 Bucharest-Măgurele077125 Romania Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CNRS ParisF-75013 France Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique Université Libre de Bruxelles Campus de la Plaine CP 226 Brussels1050 Belgium Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo152-8550 Japan IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay CNRS IN2P3 Orsay Cedex91405 France RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Hokkaido University Sapporo060-0810 Japan Nuclear Reaction Data Centre Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo060-0810 Japan Department of Physics Western Michigan University KalamazooMI49008 United States Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt64289 Germany Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Ibaraki Tokai319-1195 Japan Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki Aoba Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan University of Bucharest Atomistilor 405 Bucharest-Măgurele077125 Romania Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli Studi di Milano MilanoI-20133 Italy INFN Sezione di Milano MilanoI-20133 Italy Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar125001 India Department of Physics Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho Kyoto606-8502 Japan Department of Physics Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka560-0043 Japan Politehnica University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania Department of Physics Faculty of Science Istanbul University Vezneciler/ Istanbul Fatih34134 Turkey Department of Physics University of Oslo P.O. Box 1048 Blindern OsloN-0316 Norway Department of Physics Akal University Punjab

Photo-nuclear reactions of light nuclei below a mass of A = 60 are studied experimentally and theoretically by the PANDORA (Photo-Absorption of Nuclei and Decay Observation for Reactions in Astrophysics) project. Two experimental methods, virtual-photon excitation by proton scattering and real-photo absorption by a high-brilliance gamma-ray beam produced by laser Compton scattering, will be applied to measure the photo-absorption cross sections and the decay branching ratio of each decay channel as a function of the photon energy. Several nuclear models, e.g. anti-symmetrized molecular dynamics, mean-field type models, a large-scale shell model, and ab initio models, will be employed to predict the photo-nuclear reactions. The uncertainty in the model predictions will be evaluated from the discrepancies between the model predictions and the experimental data. The data and the predictions will be implemented in a general reaction calculation code TALYS. The results will be applied to the simulation of the photo-disintegration process of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in inter-galactic propagation. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Learning from learning machines: A new generation of AI technology to meet the needs of science

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Pion-Tonachini, Luca Bouchard, Kristofer Martin, Hector Garcia Peisert, Sean Holtz, W. Bradley Aswani, Anil Dwivedi, Dipankar Wainwright, Haruko Pilania, Ghanshyam Nachman, Benjamin Marrone, Babetta L. Falco, Nicola Prabhat Arnold, Daniel Wolf-Yadlin, Alejandro Powers, Sarah Climer, Sharlee Jackson, Quinn Carlson, Ty Sohn, Michael Zwart, Petrus Kumar, Neeraj Justice, Amy Tomlin, Claire Jacobson, Daniel Micklem, Gos Gkoutos, Georgios V. Bickel, Peter J. Cazier, Jean-Baptiste Müller, Juliane Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo Stevens, Rick Anderson, Mark Kreutz-Delgado, Ken Mahoney, Michael W. Brown, James B. Pattern Computer Inc. Friday HarborWA98250 United States Biosciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Lab BerkeleyCA94803 United States Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab BerkeleyCA94720 United States Helen Wils Neuroscience Institute Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience Uc Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Doe Agile BioFoundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94803 United States Joint BioEnergy Institute Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94803 United States Bcam Basque Center for Applied Mathematics Bilbao48009 Spain Computer Science University of California Davis DavisCA95616 United States Cenic La MiradaCA90638 United States Health Informatics University of California Davis School of Medicine SacramentoCA95817 United States Berkeley Institute for Data Science University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Industrial Engineering and Operations Research University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Environmental & Earth Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94803 United States Nuclear Engineering University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab BerkeleyCA94720 United States Bioscience Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Lab BerkeleyCA94803 United States Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Lab BerkeleyCA94803 United States Computing and Computational Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Industrial & Systems Engineering The University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Department of Computer Science University of Missouri-Saint Louis St. LouisMO63121 United

We outline emerging opportunities and challenges to enhance the utility of AI for scientific discovery. The distinct goals of AI for industry versus the goals of AI for science create tension between identifying patterns in data versus discovering patterns in the world from data. If we address the fundamental challenges associated with "bridging the gap" between domain-driven scientific models and data-driven AI learning machines, then we expect that these AI models can transform hypothesis generation, scientific discovery, and the scientific process itself. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Learning systems

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QTT-isogeometric solver in two dimensions

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Markeeva, L. Tsybulin, I. Oseledets, I. Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow Russia Department of Applied Math and Control Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics and Seismics Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Russia Institute of Numerical Mathematics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

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