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arXiv 2024年

作者： Pearce-Casey, R. Nagam, B.C. Wilde, J. Busillo, V. Ulivi, L. Andika, I.T. Manjón-García, A. Leuzzi, L. Matavulj, P. Serjeant, S. Walmsley, M. Barroso, J.A. Acevedo O’Riordan, C.M. Clément, B. Tortora, C. Collett, T.E. Courbin, F. Gavazzi, R. Metcalf, R.B. Cabanac, R. Courtois, H.M. Crook-Mansour, J. Delchambre, L. Despali, G. Ecker, L.R. Franco, A. Holloway, P. Jahnke, K. Mahler, G. Marchetti, L. Melo, A. Meneghetti, M. Müller, O. Nucita, A.A. Pearson, J. Rojas, K. Scarlata, C. Schuldt, S. Sluse, D. Suyu, S.H. Vaccari, M. Vegetti, S. Verma, A. Vernardos, G. Bolzonella, M. Kluge, M. Saifollahi, T. Schirmer, M. Stone, C. Paulino-Afonso, A. Bazzanini, L. Hogg, N.B. Koopmans, L.V.E. Kruk, S. Mannucci, F. Bromley, J.M. Díaz-Sánchez, A. Dickinson, H.J. Powell, D.M. Bouy, H. Laureijs, R. Altieri, B. Amara, A. Andreon, S. Baccigalupi, C. Baldi, M. Balestra, A. Bardelli, S. Battaglia, P. Bonino, D. Branchini, E. Brescia, M. Brinchmann, J. Caillat, A. Camera, S. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castellano, M. Castignani, G. Cavuoti, S. Cimatti, A. Colodro-Conde, C. Congedo, G. Conselice, C.J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Cropper, M. Da Silva, A. Degaudenzi, H. De Lucia, G. Di Giorgio, A.M. Dinis, J. Dubath, F. Dupac, X. Dusini, S. Farina, M. Farrens, S. Faustini, F. Ferriol, S. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Galeotta, S. George, K. Gillard, W. Gillis, B. Giocoli, C. Gómez-Alvarez, P. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Haugan, S.V.H. Holmes, W. Hook, I. Hormuth, F. Hornstrup, A. Hudelot, P. Jhabvala, M. Joachimi, B. Keihänen, E. Kermiche, S. Kiessling, A. Kilbinger, M. Kubik, B. Kümmel, M. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Le Mignant, D. Ligori, S. Lilje, P.B. Lindholm, V. Lloro, I. Maiorano, E. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, O. Markovic, K. Martinelli, M. Martinet, N. Marulli, F. Massey, R. Medinaceli, E. Mei, S. Melchior, M. Mellier, Y. Merlin, E. Meylan, G. Moresco, M. Moscardini, L. Nakajima, R. School of Physical Sciences The Open University Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen PO Box 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte Via Moiariello 16 Napoli80131 Italy Department of Physics "E. Pancini" University Federico II Via Cinthia 6 Napoli80126 Italy INFN section of Naples Via Cinthia 6 Napoli80126 Italy University of Trento Via Sommarive 14 TrentoI-38123 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Firenze via G. Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze50019 Italy INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 Firenze50125 Italy Technical University of Munich TUM School of Natural Sciences Physics Department James-Franck-Str. 1 Garching85748 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 Garching85748 Germany Departamento Física Aplicada Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Campus Muralla del Mar Murcia Cartagena30202 Spain Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna via Piero Gobetti 93/2 Bologna40129 Italy INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland School of Engineering Windisch5210 Switzerland Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St George Street TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom Observatoire de Sauverny Versoix1290 Switzerland Lausanne1015 Switzerland Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation University of Portsmouth PortsmouthPO1 3FX United Kingdom Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona08028 Spain Passeig de Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona08010 Spain Aix-Marseille Université CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris UMR 709

The Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) is predicted to find approximately 170 000 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses from its lifetime observation of 14 000 deg2 of the sky. Detecting this many lenses by visual inspection with professional astronomers and citizen scientists alone is infeasible. As a result, machine learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been used as an automated method of detecting strong lenses, and have proven fruitful in finding galaxy-galaxy strong lens candidates, such that the usage of CNNs in lens identification has increased. We identify the major challenge to be the automatic detection of galaxy-galaxy strong lenses while simultaneously maintaining a low false positive rate, thus producing a pure and complete sample of strong lens candidates from Euclid with a limited need for visual inspection. One aim of this research is to have a quantified starting point on the achieved purity and completeness with our current version of CNN-based detection pipelines for the VIS images of EWS. This work is vital in preparing our CNN-based detection pipelines to be able to produce a pure sample of the > 100 000 strong gravitational lensing systems widely predicted for Euclid. We select all sources with VIS IE 5 lensing systems in Euclid, this implies 106 objects for human classification, which while very large is not in principle intractable and not without precedent. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Fundamental Physics Opportunities with the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Ayzenberg, Dimitry Blackburn, Lindy Brito, Richard Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Carballo-Rubio, Raúl Cardoso, Vitor Chael, Andrew Chatterjee, Koushik Chen, Yifan Cunha, Pedro V.P. Davoudiasl, Hooman Denton, Peter B. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Eichhorn, Astrid Eubanks, Marshall Fang, Yun Foschi, Arianna Fromm, Christian M. Galison, Peter Ghosh, Sushant G. Gold, Roman Gurvits, Leonid I. Hadar, Shahar Held, Aaron Houston, Janice Hu, Yichao Johnson, Michael D. Kocherlakota, Prashant Natarajan, Priyamvada Olivares, Héctor Palumbo, Daniel Pesce, Dominic W. Rajendran, Surjeet Roy, Rittick Saurabh Shao, Lijing Tahura, Shammi Tamar, Aditya Tiede, Paul Vincent, Frédéric H. Visinelli, Luca Wang, Zhiren Wielgus, Maciek Xue, Xiao Yakut, Kadri Yang, Huan Younsi, Ziri Theoretical Astrophysics Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen TübingenD-72076 Germany Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States CENTRA Departamento de Física Instituto Superior Técnico – IST Universidade de Lisboa – UL Avenida Rovisco Pais 1 Lisboa1049-001 Portugal Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada CP3-Origins University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense MDK-5230 Denmark Florida Space Institute University of Central Florida 12354 Research Parkway Partnership 1 OrlandoFL32826 United States Niels Bohr International Academy Niels Bohr Institute Blegdamsvej 17 Copenhagen2100 Denmark Princeton Gravity Initiative Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Campus de Santiago Aveiro3810-183 Portugal High Energy Theory Group Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Asteroid Initiatives LLC United States Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2L2Y5 Canada Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Strasse 31 Würzburg97074 Germany Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe Universität Frankfurt Max-von

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration recently published the first images of the supermassive black holes in the cores of the Messier 87 and Milky Way galaxies. These observations have provided a new means to study supermassive black holes and probe physical processes occurring in the strong-field regime. We review the prospects of future observations and theoretical studies of supermassive black hole systems with the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT), which will greatly enhance the capabilities of the existing EHT array. These enhancements will open up several previously inaccessible avenues of investigation, thereby providing important new insights into the properties of supermassive black holes and their environments. This review describes the current state of knowledge for five key science cases, summarising the unique challenges and opportunities for fundamental physics investigations that the ngEHT will enable. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Telescopes

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AA-ICP: Iterative closest point with anderson acceleration

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Pavlov, A.L. Ovchinnikov, G.V. Derbyshev, D.Yu. Tsetserukou, D. Oseledets, I.V. Space Center Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center Moscow143026 Russia Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Space Center Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology

Iterative Closest Point (ICP) is a widely used method for performing scan-matching and registration. Being simple and robust method, it is still computationally expensive and may be challenging to use in real-time applications with limited resources on mobile platforms. In this paper we propose novel effective method for acceleration of ICP which does not require substantial modifications to the existing code. This method is based on an idea of Anderson acceleration which is an iterative procedure for finding a fixed point of contractive mapping. The latter is often faster than a standard Picard iteration, usually used in ICP implementations. We show that ICP, being a fixed point problem, can be significantly accelerated by this method enhanced by heuristics to improve overall robustness. We implement proposed approach into Point Cloud Library (PCL) and make it available online. Benchmarking on real-world data fully supports our claims. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heuristic methods

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Low-density star cluster formation: discovery of a young faint fuzzy on the outskirts of the low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Romanowsky, Aaron J. Larsen, Søren S. Villaume, Alexa Carlin, Jeffrey L. Janz, Joachim Sand, David J. Strader, Jay Brodie, Jean P. Chakrabarti, Sukanya Cheng, Chloe M. Crnojević, Denija Forbes, Duncan A. Garling, Christopher T. Hargis, Jonathan R. Karunakaran, Ananthan Martín-Navarro, Ignacio Olsen, Knut A.G. Rider, Nicole Salimkumar, Bitha Santhanakrishnan, Vakini Spekkens, Kristine Tang, Yimeng van Dokkum, Pieter G. Willman, Beth Department of Physics & Astronomy San José State University One Washington Square San JoseCA95192 United States University of California Observatories 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95064 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95064 United States Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University PO Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Ave. W. WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Rubin Observatory Project Office 950 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85719 United States University of Turku Vesilinnantie 5 FI-20014 Finland Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Yliopisto OulunFI-90014 Finland Specim Spectral Imaging Ltd. Elektroniikkatie 13 OuluFI-90590 Finland Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Center for Data Intensive and Time Domain Astronomy Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University John Street HawthornVIC3122 Australia School of Physics and Astronomy RIT RochesterNY14623 United States Institute for Advanced Study 1 Einstein Drive PrincetonNJ08540 United States University of Tampa 401 West Kennedy Boulevard TampaFL33606 United States CCAPP Department of Astronomy The Ohio State University 140 W. 18th Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Physics Engineering Physics and Astronomy Queen’s University KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory 950

The classical globular clusters found in all galaxy types have half-light radii of rh ∼ 2–4 pc, which have been tied to formation in the dense cores of giant molecular clouds. Some old star clusters have larger sizes, and it is unclear if these represent a fundamentally different mode of low-density star cluster formation. We report the discovery of a rare, young "faint fuzzy" star cluster, NGC 247-SC1, on the outskirts of the low-mass spiral galaxy NGC 247 in the nearby Sculptor group, and measure its radial velocity using Keck spectroscopy. We use Hubble Space Telescope imaging to measure the cluster half-light radius of rh ' 12 pc and a luminosity of Lv ' 4 × 105L . We produce a colour–magnitude diagram of cluster stars and compare to theoretical isochrones, finding an age of '300 Myr, a metallicity of [Z/H] ∼ −0.6 and an inferred mass of M★ ' 9 × 104M . The narrow width of blue-loop star magnitudes implies an age spread of . 50 Myr, while no old red-giant branch stars are found, so SC1 is consistent with hosting a single stellar population, modulo several unexplained bright "red straggler" stars. SC1 appears to be surrounded by tidal debris, at the end of a ∼ 2 kpc long stellar filament that also hosts two low-mass, low-density clusters of a similar age. We explore a link between the formation of these unusual clusters and an external perturbation of their host galaxy, illuminating a possible channel by which some clusters are born with large sizes. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Galaxies

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The Brain Tumor Sequence Registration (BraTS-Reg) Challenge: Establishing Correspondence Between Pre-Operative and Follow-up MRI Scans of Diffuse Glioma Patients

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Baheti, Bhakti Chakrabarty, Satrajit Akbari, Hamed Bilello, Michel Wiestler, Benedikt Schwarting, Julian Calabrese, Evan Rudie, Jeffrey Abidi, Syed Mousa, Mina Villanueva-Meyer, Javier Fields, Brandon K.K. Kofler, Florian Shinohara, Russell Takeshi Iglesias, Juan Eugenio Mok, Tony C.W. Chung, Albert C.S. Wodzinski, Marek Jurgas, Artur Marini, Niccolò Atzori, Manfredo Müller, Henning Grosbröhmer, Christoph Siebert, Hanna Hansen, Lasse Heinrich, Mattias P. Canalini, Luca Klein, Jan Gerken, Annika Heldmann, Stefan Hering, Alessa Hahn, Horst K. Meng, Mingyuan Bi, Lei Feng, Dagan Kim, Jinman Zeineldinal, Ramy A. Karar, Mohamed E. Mathis-Ullrich, Franziska Burgert, Oliver Abderezaei, Javid Pionteck, Aymeric Chopra, Agamdeep Kurt, Mehmet Yan, Kewei Yan, Yonghong Tang, Zhe Ma, Jianqiang Nasser, Sahar Almahfouz Kurian, Nikhil Cherian Meena, Mohit Shamsi, Saqib Sethi, Amit Tustison, Nicholas J. Avants, Brian B. Cook, Philip Gee, James C. Tian, Lin Greer, Hastings Niethammer, Marc Hoopesar, Andrew Hoffmannas, Malte Dalcaar, Adrian V. Christodoulidis, Stergios Estiene, Théo Vakalopoulou, Maria Paragios, Nikos Marcus, Daniel S. Davatzikos, Christos Sotiras, Aristeidis Menze, Bjoern Bakas, Spyridon Waldmannstetter, Diana Division of Computational Pathology Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States GE HealthCare San RamonCA United States University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. LouisMO United States Institute for Informatics Data Science & Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine St. LouisMO United States Department of Bioengineering Santa Clara University Santa ClaraCA United States Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Computer Science TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging University of California San FranciscoCA United States Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center DurhamNC United States Department of Radiology University of California San DiegoCA United States Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Munich Neuherberg Germany Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School United States Centre for Medical Imaging Computing University College London United Kingdom The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong University of Applied Sciences West

Registration of longitudinal brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans containing pathologies is challenging due to dramatic changes in tissue appearance. Although there has been considerable progress in developing general-purpose medical image registration techniques, they have not yet attained the requisite precision and reliability for this task, highlighting its inherent complexity. Here we describe the Brain Tumor Sequence Registration (BraTS-Reg) challenge, as the first public benchmark environment for deformable registration algorithms focusing on estimating correspondences between pre-operative and follow-up scans of the same patient diagnosed with a diffuse brain glioma. The challenge was conducted in conjunction with both the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2022 and the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2022. The BraTS-Reg data comprise de-identified multi-institutional multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) scans, curated for size and resolution according to a canonical anatomical template, and divided into training, validation, and testing sets. Clinical experts annotated ground truth (GT) landmark points of anatomical locations distinct across the temporal domain. The training data with their GT annotations, were publicly released to enable the development of registration algorithms. The validation data, without their GT annotations, were also released to allow for algorithmic evaluation prior to the testing phase, which only allowed submission of containerized algorithms for evaluation on hidden hold-out testing data. Quantitative evaluation and ranking was based on the Median Euclidean Error (MEE), Robustness, and the determinant of the Jacobian of the displacement field. The top-ranked methodologies yielded similar performance across all evaluation metrics and shared several methodological commonalities, including pre-alignment, deep neural networks, inverse consistency

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Field heterogeneity detection based on the modified FastICA RGB-image processing

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1117卷

作者： L Mirvakhabova M Pukalchik S Matveev P Tregubova I Oseledets Skoltech Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology 1 Nobel Street Moscow 121205 Russia Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics RAS 8 Gubkin Street 119333 Moscow Russia

In the light of the increasing demand for food production, climate change challenges, and economic pressure, precision farming is becoming an ever-growing market. Nowadays using satellite images for field zoning has become a widely spread technique employed in precision agriculture. Usually satellite images are used to evaluate Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a common yield assessment. At the same time it is rather a challenging task to designing NDVI maps as compared to ordinary RGB images. We propose a new algorithm for site-specific zoning based on the performance of a well-known and widely used ICA algorithm (FastICA). We analyse high resolution RGB satellite images for 3 arable fields located in Kursk region, Russia, (2017) provided by the Planet Labs service. The main outcomes from this study are (i) the algorithm creates site-specific zoning maps with a relative accuracy of yield distribution maps between 0.78 and 0.89; (ii) the algorithm requires a relatively small dataset – from 8 to 10 RGB images. The obtained results indicate that the algorithm in question can be used not only to identify management zones but also to map the variations in yield within the fields.

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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

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Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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The first nova eruption in a novalike variable: YZ Ret as seen in X-rays and γ-rays

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Sokolovsky, Kirill V. Li, Kwan-Lok de Oliveira, Raimundo Lopes Ness, Jan-Uwe Mukai, Koji Chomiuk, Laura Aydi, Elias Steinberg, Elad Vurm, Indrek Metzger, Brian D. Babul, Aliya-Nur Kawash, Adam Linford, Justin D. Nelson, Thomas Page, Kim L. Rupen, Michael P. Sokoloski, Jennifer L. Strader, Jay Kilkenny, David Center for Data Intensive and Time Domain Astronomy Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University 567 Wilson Rd East LansingMI48824 United States Sternberg Astronomical Institute Moscow State University Universitetskii pr. 13 Moscow119992 Russia Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Departamento de Astronomia Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de São Paulo Cidade Universitária R. do Matão 1226 SP São Paulo05508-090 Brazil Departamento de Física Universidade Federal de Sergipe Av. Marechal Rondon S/N SE São Cristóvão49100-000 Brazil Observatório Nacional Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 RJ Rio de Janeiro20921-400 Brazil European Space Astronomy Centre Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n Urb. Villafranca del Castillo Villanueva de la Cañada MadridE-28692 Spain CRESST and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem9190401 Israel Tartu Observatory University of Tartu Tõravere Tartumaa 61602 Estonia Department of Physics Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States National Radio Astronomy Observatory Domenici Science Operations Center 1003 Lopezville Road SocorroNM87801 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester University Road LeicesterLE1 7RH United Kingdom National Research Council Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics 717 White Lake Rd PO Box 248 PentictonBCV2A 6J9 Canada Department of Physics & Astronomy University of the Western Cape Private Bag X17 Bellville7535 South Africa Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Ave New YorkNY10010 United States

Peaking at 3.7 mag on 2020 July 11, YZ Ret was the second-brightest nova of the decade. The nova’s moderate proximity (2.7 kpc, from Gaia) provided an opportunity to explore its multi-wavelength properties in great detail. Here we report on YZ Ret as part of a long-term project to identify the physical mechanisms responsible for high-energy emission in classical novae. We use simultaneous Fermi/LAT and NuSTAR observations complemented by XMM-Newton X-ray grating spectroscopy to probe the physical parameters of the shocked ejecta and the nova-hosting white dwarf. The XMM-Newton observations revealed a super-soft X-ray emission which is dominated by emission lines of C v, C vi, N vi, N vii, and O viii rather than a blackbody-like continuum, suggesting CO-composition of the white dwarf in a high-inclination binary system. Fermi/LAT detected YZ Ret for 15 days with the γ-ray spectrum best described by a power law with an exponential cut-off at 1.9 ± 0.6 GeV. In stark contrast with theoretical predictions and in keeping with previous NuSTAR observations of Fermi-detected classical novae (V5855 Sgr and V906 Car), the 3.5-78 keV X-ray emission is found to be two orders of magnitude fainter than the GeV emission. The X-ray emission observed by NuSTAR is consistent with a single-temperature thermal plasma model. We do not detect a non-thermal tail of the GeV emission expected to extend down to the NuSTAR band. NuSTAR observations continue to challenge theories of high-energy emission from shocks in novae. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： X ray scattering

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The meerKAT galaxy cluster legacy survey I. survey overview and highlights

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Knowles, Kenda Cotton, W.D. Rudnick, L. Camilo, F. Goedhart, S. Deane, R. Ramatsoku, M. Bietenholz, M.F. Brüggen, M. Button, C. Chen, H. Chibueze, J.O. Clarke, T.E. de Gasperin, F. Ianjamasimanana, R. Józsa, G.I.G. Hilton, M. Kesebonye, K.C. Kolokythas, K. Kraan-Korteweg, R.C. Lawrie, G. Lochner, M. Loubser, S.I. Marchegiani, P. Mhlahlo, N. Moodley, K. Murphy, E. Namumba, B. Oozeer, N. Parekh, V. Pillay, D.S. Passmoor, S.S. Ramaila, A.J.T. Ranchod, S. Retana-Montenegro, E. Sebokolodi, L. Sikhosana, S.P. Smirnov, O. Thorat, K. Venturi, T. Abbott, T.D. Adam, R.M. Adams, G. Aldera, M.A. Bauermeister, E.F. Bennett, T.G.H. Bode, W.A. Botha, D.H. Botha, A.G. Brederode, L.R.S. Buchner, S. Burger, J.P. Cheetham, T. de Villiers, D.I.L. Dikgale-Mahlakoana, M.A. du Toit, L.J. Esterhuyse, S.W.P. Fadana, G. Fanaroff, B.L. Fataar, S. Foley, A.R. Fourie, D.J. Frank, B.S. Gamatham, R.R.G. Gatsi, T.G. Geyer, M. Gouws, M. Gumede, S.C. Heywood, I. Hlakola, M.J. Hokwana, A. Hoosen, S.W. Horn, D.M. Horrell, J.M.G. Hugo, B.V. Isaacson, A.R. Jonas, J.L. Jordaan, J.D.B. Joubert, A.F. Julie, R.P.M. Kapp, F.B. Kasper, V.A. Kenyon, J.S. Kotzé, P.P.A. Kotze, A.G. Kriek, N. Kriel, H. Krishnan, V.K. Kusel, T.W. Legodi, L.S. Lehmensiek, R. Liebenberg, D. Lord, R.T. Lunsky, B.M. Madisa, K. Magnus, L.G. Main, J.P.L. Makhaba, A. Makhathini, S. Malan, J.A. Manley, J.R. Marais, S.J. Maree, M.D.J. Martens, A. Mauch, T. McAlpine, K. Merry, B.C. Millenaar, R.P. Mokone, O.J. Monama, T.E. Mphego, M.C. New, W.S. Ngcebetsha, B. Ngoasheng, K.J. Ockards, M.T. Otto, A.J. Patel, A.A. Peens-Hough, A. Perkins, S.J. Ramanujam, N.M. Ramudzuli, Z.R. Ratcliffe, S.M. Renil, R. Robyntjies, A. Rust, A.N. Salie, S. Sambu, N. Schollar, C.T.G. Schwardt, L.C. Schwartz, R.L. Serylak, M. Siebrits, R. Sirothia, S.K. Slabber, M. Sofeya, L. Taljaard, B. Tasse, C. Tiplady, A.J. Toruvanda, O. Twum, S.N. van Balla, T.J. van der Byl, A. van der Merwe, C. van Dyk, C.L. van Tonder, V. van Wyk, R. Venter, A.J. Venter, M. Welz, M.G. Williams, L.P. Xaia, B. Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban4041 South Africa Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies Department of Physics and Electronics Rhodes University P.O. Box 94 Makhanda6140 South Africa South African Radio Astronomy Observatory 2 Fir Street Observatory7925 South Africa National Radio Astronomy Observatory CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics University of Minnesota 116 Church St SE MinneapolisMN55455 United States Wits Centre for Astrophysics School of Physics University of the Witwatersrand 1 Jan Smuts Avenue Johannesburg2050 South Africa Department of Physics University of Pretoria Hatfield0028 South Africa I-09047 Italy Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory SARAO Krugersdorp1740 South Africa York University TorontoON Canada Hamburger Sternwarte Universität Hamburg Gojenbergsweg 112 Hamburg21029 Germany Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Rondebosch7700 South Africa Centre for Space Research North-West University Potchefstroom2520 South Africa Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Carver Building 1 University Road Nsukka Nigeria Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia via Gobetti 101 BolognaI–40129 Italy Argelander-Institut für Astronomie Universität Bonn Auf dem Hügel 71 BonnD-53121 Germany School of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville 3696 South Africa Department of Physics and Astronomy University of the Western Cape Bellville7535 South Africa Dipartimento di Fisica Universitá Sapienza P.le Aldo Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy African Institute for Mathematical Sciences 6-8 Melrose Road Muizenberg7945 South Africa Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy University of Cape Town Rondebosch7700 South Africa Ltd. 64-74 White Road Retreat 7945 South Africa EMSS Ant

MeerKAT’s large number (64) of 13.5 m-diameter antennas, spanning 8 km with a densely packed 1 km core, create a powerful instrument for wide-area surveys, with high sensitivity over a wide range of angular scales. The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey (MGCLS) is a programme of long-track MeerKAT L-band (900–1670 MHz) observations of 115 galaxy clusters, observed for ∼ 6–10 hours each in full polarisation. The first legacy product data release (DR1), made available with this paper, includes the MeerKAT visibilities, basic image cubes at ∼ 800 resolution, and enhanced spectral and polarisation image cubes at ∼ 800 and 1500 resolutions. Typical sensitivities for the full-resolution MGCLS image products range over ∼ 3–5 µJy beam−1. The basic cubes are full-field and span 2◦ × 2◦. The enhanced products consist of the inner 1.2◦ × 1.2◦ field of view, corrected for the primary beam. The survey is fully sensitive to structures up to ∼ 100 scales and the wide bandwidth allows spectral and Faraday rotation mapping. Relatively narrow frequency channels (209 kHz) are also used to provide H i mapping in windows of 0 200. We find no dependence of the star formation rate on distance from the cluster centre, and observe a small excess of the radio-to-100 µm flux ratio towards the centre of Abell 209 that may reflect a ram pressure enhancement in the denser environment. We detect diffuse cluster radio emission in 62 of the surveyed systems and present a catalogue of the 99 diffuse cluster emission structures, of which 56 are new. These include mini-halos, halos, relics, and other diffuse structures for which no suitable characterization currently exists. We highlight some of the radio galaxies which challenge current paradigms such as trident-shaped structures, jets that remain well-collimated far beyond their bending radius, and filamentary features linked to radio galaxies that likely illuminate magnetic flux tubes in the intracluster medium. We also present early results from

关键词： Surveys

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IDTxl: The information dynamics toolkit xl: A python package for the efficient analysis of multivariate information dynamics in networks

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Wollstadt, Patricia Lizier, Joseph T. Vicente, Raul Finn, Conor Martinez-Zarzuela, Mario Mediano, Pedro Novelli, Leonardo Wibral, Michael MEG Unit Brain Imaging Center Goethe-University Frankfurt Fankfurt am Main Germany Centre for Complex Systems Faculty of Engineering and IT University of Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Computational Neuroscience Lab Institute of Computer Science Tartu Estonia Data61 CSIRO EppingNSW Australia Communications and Signal Theory and Telematics Engineering University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain Computational Neurodynamics Group Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Göttingen Germany Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks Georg-August Universität Göttingen Germany

We present IDTxl (the Information Dynamics Toolkit xl), a new open source Python toolbox for effective network inference from multivariate time series using information theory, available from GitHub (https://***/pwollstadt/IDTxl). Information theory (Cover & Thomas, 2006;MacKay, 2003;Shannon, 1948) is the mathematical theory of information and its transmission over communication channels. Information theory provides quantitative measures of the information content of a single random variable (entropy) and of the information shared between two variables (mutual information). The defined measures build on probability theory and solely depend on the probability distributions of the variables involved. As a consequence, the dependence between two variables can be quantified as the information shared between them, without the need to explicitly model a specific type of dependence. Hence, mutual information is a model-free measure of dependence, which makes it a popular choice for the analysis of systems other than communication channels. Transfer entropy (TE) (Schreiber, 2000) is an extension of mutual information that measures the directed information transfer between time series of a source and a target variable. TE has become popular in many scientific disciplines to infer dependencies and whole networks from data. Notable application domains include neuroscience (Wibral, Vicente, & Lindner, 2014) and dynamical systems analysis (Lizier, Prokopenko, & Zomaya, 2014) (see Bossomaier, Barnett, Harré, & Lizier (2016) for an introduction to TE and a comprehensive discussion of its application). In the majority of the applications, TE is used in a bivariate fashion, where information transfer is quantified between all sourcetarget pairs. In a multivariate setting, however, such a bivariate analysis may infer spurious or redundant interactions, where multiple sources provide the same information about the target. Conversely, bivariate analysis may also miss synergistic

关键词： High level languages

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