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arXiv 2023年

作者： Moawad, Ahmed W. Janas, Anastasia Baid, Ujjwal Ramakrishnan, Divya Saluja, Rachit Ashraf, Nader Jekel, Leon Amiruddin, Raisa Adewole, Maruf Albrecht, Jake Anazodo, Udunna Aneja, Sanjay Anwar, Syed Muhammad Bergquist, Timothy Calabrese, Evan Chiang, Veronica Chung, Verena Conte, Gian Marco Marco Dako, Farouk Eddy, James Ezhov, Ivan Familiar, Ariana Farahani, Keyvan Iglesias, Juan Eugenio Jiang, Zhifan Johanson, Elaine Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi Kofler, Florian Krantchev, Kiril LaBella, Dominic Van Leemput, Koen Li, Hongwei Bran Linguraru, Marius George Link, Katherine E. Liu, Xinyang Maleki, Nazanin Meier, Zeke Menze, Bjoern H. Moy, Harrison Osenberg, Klara Piraud, Marie Reitman, Zachary Shinohara, Russel Takeshi Tahon, Nourel hoda Nada, Ayman Velichko, Yuri S. Wang, Chunhao Wiestler, Benedikt Wiggins, Walter Shafique, Umber Willms, Klara Avesta, Arman Bousabarah, Khaled Chakrabarty, Satrajit Gennaro, Nicolo Holler, Wolfgang Kaur, Manpreet LaMontagne, Pamela Lin, MingDe Lost, Jan Marcus, Daniel S. Maresca, Ryan Merkaj, Sarah Nada, Ayaman Pedersen, Gabriel Cassinelli von Reppert, Marc Sotiras, Aristeidis Teytelboym, Oleg Tillmans, Niklas Westerhoff, Malte Youssef, Ayda Godfrey, Devon Floyd, Scott Rauschecker, Andreas Villanueva-Meyer, Javier Pflüger, Irada Cho, Jaeyoung Bendszus, Martin Brugnara, Gianluca Cramer, Justin Perez-Carillo, Gloria Guzman J. Johnson, Derek R. Kam, Anthony Kwan, Benjamin Yin Ming Lai, Lillian Lall, Neil U. Memon, Fatima Patro, Satya Narayana Petrovic, Bojan So, Tiffany Y. Thompson, Gerard Wu, Lei Schrickel, E. Brooke Bansal, Anu Barkhof, Frederik Besada, Cristina Chu, Sammy Druzgal, Jason Dusoi, Alexandru Farage, Luciano Feltrin, Fabricio Fong, Amy Fung, Steve H. Gray, R. Ian Ikuta, Ichiro Iv, Michael Postma, Alida A. Mahajan, Amit Joyner, David Krumpelman, Chase Letourneau-Guillon, Laurent Lincoln, Christie M. Maros, Mate E. Miller, Elka Morón, Fanny Nimchinsky, Esther A. Ozsarlak, Ozkan Patel, Uresh Rohatgi, Saurabh Saha, Atin Sayah, Anousheh Schwartz, Eric D. Shih, Robert Shiroishi, Mark Trinity health Mid Atlantic Hosiptals DarbyPA United States Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Division of Computational Pathology Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine School of Medicine Indiana University IndianapolisIN United States Department of Electical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Cornell Tech New YorkNY United States Department of Radiology Weill Cornell Medicine New YorkNY United States ImagineQuant Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia PhiladelphiaPA United States College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology The WTZ German Cancer Consortium DKTK Partner Site University Hospital Essen Essen Germany Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab Crestview Radiology Lagos Nigeria Sage Bionetworks SeattleWA United States Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Canada lab Crestview Radiology Lagos Nigeria Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation Children’s National Hospital WashingtonDC United States Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic RochesterMN United States Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center DurhamNC United States Department of Neurosurgery Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Center for Global Health Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PA United States Department of Informatics Technical University Munich Germany Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Cancer Imaging Program National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United States Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA United States Children’s National Hospital WashingtonDC United States PrecisionFDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration S

The translation of AI-generated brain metastases (BM) segmentation into clinical practice relies heavily on diverse, high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge has gained momentum for testing and benchmarking algorithms using rigorously annotated internationally compiled real-world datasets. This study presents the results of the segmentation challenge and characterizes the challenging cases that impacted the performance of the winning algorithms. Untreated brain metastases on standard anatomic MRI sequences (T1, T2, FLAIR, T1PG) from eight contributed international datasets were annotated in stepwise method: published UNET algorithms, student, neuroradiologist, final approver neuroradiologist. Segmentations were ranked based on lesion-wise Dice and Hausdorff distance (HD95) scores. False positives (FP) and false negatives (FN) were rigorously penalized, receiving a score of 0 for Dice and a fixed penalty of 374 for HD95. The mean scores for the teams were calculated. Eight datasets comprising 1303 studies were annotated, with 402 studies (3076 lesions) released on Synapse as publicly available datasets to challenge competitors. Additionally, 31 studies (139 lesions) were held out for validation, and 59 studies (218 lesions) were used for testing. Segmentation accuracy was measured as rank across subjects, with the winning team achieving a LesionWise mean score of 7.9. The Dice score for the winning team was 0.65 ± 0.25. Common errors among the leading teams included false negatives for small lesions and misregistration of masks in space. The Dice scores and lesion detection rates of all algorithms diminished with decreasing tumor size, particularly for tumors smaller than 100 mm3. In conclusion, algorithms for BM segmentation require further refinement to balance high sensitivity in lesion detection with the minimization of false positives and negatives. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge successfully curated well-annotated, diverse d

关键词： Image segmentation

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Galactic transient sources with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2025年第1期540卷 205–238页

作者： Abe, K Abe, S Abhir, J Abhishek, A Acero, F Acharyya, A Adam, R Aguasca-Cabot, A Agudo, I Aguirre-Santaella, A Alfaro, J Alfaro, R Alvarez-Crespo, N Alves Batista, R Amans, J-P Amato, E Ambrosi, G Ambrosino, F Angüner, E O Antonelli, L A Aramo, C Arcaro, C Arnesen, T T H Asano, K Ascasibar, Y Aschersleben, J Ashkar, H Augusto Stuani, L Baack, D Backes, M Balazs, C Balbo, M Baquero Larriva, A Barbosa Martins, V Barres de Almeida, U Barrio, J A Barrios-Jiménez, L Batković, I Batzofin, R Baxter, J Becerra González, J Becker Tjus, J Belmont, R Benbow, W Bernete, J Bernlöhr, K Berti, A Bertucci, B Beshley, V Bhattacharjee, P Bhattacharyya, S Bigongiari, C Bissaldi, E Blanch, O Blazek, J Bocchino, F Boisson, C Bolmont, J Bonnoli, G Bonollo, A Bordas, P Bosnjak, Z Bottacini, E Böttcher, M Bradascio, F Bronzini, E Brown, A M Brunelli, G Bulgarelli, A Burelli, I Burger-Scheidlin, C Burmistrov, L Burton, M Buscemi, M Cailleux, J Campoy-Ordaz, A Cantlay, B K Capasso, G Caproni, A Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R Caraveo, P Caroff, S Carosi, A Carosi, R Carquin, E Carrasco, M-S Cascone, E Cassol, F Castaldini, L Castrejon, N Castro-Tirado, A J Cerasole, D Ceribella, G Cerruti, M Chadwick, P M Chaty, S Chen, A W Chernyakova, M Chiavassa, A Chudoba, J Chytka, L Cicciari, G M Cifuentes, A Coimbra Araujo, C H Colapietro, M Conforti, V Contreras, J L Cortina, J Costa, A Costantini, H Cotter, G Cristofari, P Cuevas, O Curtis-Ginsberg, Z D’Aì, A D’Amico, G D’Ammando, F Dai, S Dazzi, F de Bony de Lavergne, M De Caprio, V De Cesare, G De Frondat Laadim, F de Gouveia Dal Pino, E M De Lotto, B De Lucia, M de Martino, D de Menezes, R de Naurois, M de Ona Wilhelmi, E de Souza, V del Peral, L del Valle, M V Delgado, C Dell’aiera, M Della Valle, M della Volpe, D Depaoli, D Devin, J Di Girolamo, T Di Piano, A Di Pierro, F Di Tria, R Di Venere, L Diebold, S Dignam, C Dima, R Dinesh, A Djuvsland, J Dominik, R M Dominis Prester, D Donini, A Dorner, D Dörner, J Doro, M Dubos, C Ducci, L Dwarkadas, V V Ebr, J Eckner, C Egberts, K Einecke, S Elsässer, D Emery Department of Physics Tokai University 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics Otto-Stern-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA) Sezione di Fisica Via Roma 56 I-53100 Siena Italy Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Cité CEA CNRS AIM F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France FSLAC IRL 2009 CNRS/IAC E-38205 La Laguna Tenerife Spain University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Department of Physics and Astronomy Gallalee Hall Box 870324 Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0324 USA Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange UF 06304 Nice France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CNRS/IN2P3 École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris F-91120 Palaiseau France Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Martí i Franquès 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n E-18008 Granada Spain Institute for Computational Cosmology and Department of Physics Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340 8331150 Santiago Chile Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Delegación Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico IPARCOS-UCM Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos and EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid E-28040 Madrid Spain Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC and Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/ Nicolás Cabrera 13-15 Campus de Cantoblanco UAM E-28049 Madrid Spain LUTH GEPI and LERMA Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université Paris Cité CNRS 5 place Jules Janssen F-92190 Meudon France INAF – Osservatorio

A wide variety of Galactic sources show transient emission at soft and hard X-ray energies: low- and high-mass X-ray binaries containing compact objects, isolated neutron stars exhibiting extreme variability as magnetars as well as pulsar-wind nebulae. Although most of them can show emission up to MeV and/or GeV energies, many have not yet been detected in the TeV domain by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting new Galactic transients with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) and the prospects for studying them with Target of Opportunity observations. We show that CTAO will likely detect new sources in the TeV regime, such as the massive microquasars in the Cygnus region, low-mass X-ray binaries with low-viewing angle, flaring emission from the Crab pulsar-wind nebula or other novae explosions, among others. Since some of these sources could also exhibit emission at larger time-scales, we additionally test their detectability at longer exposures. We finally discuss the multiwavelength synergies with other instruments and large astronomical facilities.

关键词： binaries: general stars: magnetars novae cataclysmic variables pulsars: general gamma-rays: general

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Euclid Quick data Release (Q1). The Strong Lensing Discovery Engine C - Finding lenses with machine learning

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Lines, N.E.P. Collett, T.E. Walmsley, M. Rojas, K. Li, T. Leuzzi, L. Manjón-García, A. Vincken, S.H. Wilde, J. Holloway, P. Verma, A. Metcalf, R.B. Andika, I.T. Melo, A. Melchior, M. Domínguez Sánchez, H. Díaz-Sánchez, A. Acevedo Barroso, J.A. Clément, B. Krawczyk, C. Pearce-Casey, R. Serjeant, S. Courbin, F. Despali, G. Gavazzi, R. Schuldt, S. Degaudenzi, H. Ecker, L.R. Enzi, W.J.R. Finner, K. Galan, A. Giocoli, C. Hogg, N.B. Jahnke, K. Kruk, S. Mahler, G. More, A. Nagam, B.C. Pearson, J. Sainz de Murieta, A. Scarlata, C. Sluse, D. Sonnenfeld, A. Spiniello, C. Thai, T.T. Tortora, C. Ulivi, L. Weisenbach, L. Zumalacarregui, M. Aghanim, N. Altieri, B. Amara, A. Andreon, S. Auricchio, N. Aussel, H. Baccigalupi, C. Baldi, M. Balestra, A. Bardelli, S. Battaglia, P. Bender, R. Bernardeau, F. Biviano, A. Bonchi, A. Bonino, D. Branchini, E. Brescia, M. Brinchmann, J. Camera, S. Cañas-Herrera, G. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Cardone, V.F. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castellano, M. Castignani, G. Cavuoti, S. Chambers, K.C. Cimatti, A. Colodro-Conde, C. Congedo, G. Conselice, C.J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Costille, A. Courtois, H.M. Cropper, M. Da Silva, A. De Lucia, G. Di Giorgio, A.M. Dolding, C. Dole, H. Dubath, F. Duncan, C.A.J. Dupac, X. Escoffier, S. Fabricius, M. Farina, M. Farinelli, R. Faustini, F. Ferriol, S. Finelli, F. Fotopoulou, S. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Fumana, M. Galeotta, S. George, K. Gillard, W. Gillis, B. Gómez-Alvarez, P. Gracia-Carpio, J. Granett, B.R. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Guzzo, L. Gwyn, S. Haugan, S.V.H. Holmes, W. Hook, I.M. Hormuth, F. Hornstrup, A. Hudelot, P. Jhabvala, M. Keihänen, E. Kermiche, S. Kiessling, A. Kubik, B. Kümmel, M. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Le Boulc’h, Q. Le Brun, A.M.C. Le Mignant, D. Ligori, S. Lilje, P.B. Lindholm, V. Lloro, I. Mainetti, G. Maino, D. Maiorano, E. Mansutti, O. Marcin, S. Marggraf, O. Martinelli, M. Martinet, N. Marulli, F. Massey, R. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation University of Portsmouth PortsmouthPO1 3FX United Kingdom David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St George Street TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland School of Engineering Windisch5210 Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna via Piero Gobetti 93/2 Bologna40129 Italy INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy Departamento Física Aplicada Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Campus Muralla del Mar Murcia Cartagena30202 Spain Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona08028 Spain Department of Physics Oxford University Keble Road OxfordOX1 3RH United Kingdom Technical University of Munich TUM School of Natural Sciences Physics Department James-Franck-Str. 1 Garching85748 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 Garching85748 Germany Instituto de Física de Cantabria Edificio Juan Jordá Avenida de los Castros Santander39005 Spain Observatoire de Sauverny Versoix1290 Switzerland Lausanne1015 Switzerland School of Physical Sciences The Open University Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom Passeig de Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona08010 Spain INFN-Sezione di Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 Bologna40127 Italy Aix-Marseille Université CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris UMR 7095 CNRS Sorbonne Université 98 bis boulevard Arago Paris75014 France Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" Università degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 16 Milano20133 Italy INAF-IASF Milano Via Alfonso Corti 12 Milano20133 Italy Department of Astronomy University of Geneva ch. d’Ecogia 16 Versoix1290 Sw

Strong gravitational lensing has the potential to provide a powerful probe of astrophysics and cosmology, but fewer than 1000 strong lenses have been confirmed previously. With 0′′ . 16 resolution covering a third of the sky, the Euclid telescope will revolutionise strong lens finding, with 170 000 lenses forecasted to be discovered amongst its 1.5 billion galaxies. We present an analysis of the performance of five machine-learning models at finding strong gravitational lenses in the quick release of Euclid data (Q1), covering 63 deg2. The models are validated with citizen scientists and expert visual inspection. We focus on the best performing network: a fine-tuned version of the Zoobot pretrained model, originally trained to classify galaxy morphologies in heterogeneous astronomical imaging surveys. Of the one million Q1 objects that Zoobot was tasked to find strong lenses within, the top 1000 ranked objects contained 122 grade A lenses (almost certain lenses), and 41 grade B lenses (probable lenses). A deeper search with the five networks combined with visual inspection discovered 250 (247) grade A (B) lenses, of which 224 (182) are ranked in the top 20 000 by Zoobot. When extrapolated to the full Euclid survey, the highest ranked one million images will contain 75 000 grade A or B strong gravitational lenses. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmology

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Another Shipment of Six Short-Period Giant Planets from TESS

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Rodriguez, Joseph E. Quinn, Samuel N. Vanderburg, Andrew Zhou, George Eastman, Jason D. Thygesen, Erica Cale, Bryson Ciardi, David R. Reed, Phillip A. Oelkers, Ryan J. Collins, Karen A. Bieryla, Allyson Latham, David W. Gonzales, Erica J. Gaudi, B. Scott Hellier, Coel Jones, Matías I. Brahm, Rafael Sokolovsky, Kirill Schulte, Jack Srdoc, Gregor Kielkopf, John Horta, Ferran Grau Massey, Bob Evans, Phil Stephens, Denise C. McLeod, Kim K. Chazov, Nikita Krushinsky, Vadim Ghachoui, Mourad Safonov, Boris S. Dedrick, Cayla M. Conti, Dennis Laloum, Didier Giacalone, Steven Ziegler, Carl Serra, Pere Guerra Nogues, Ramon Naves Murgas, Felipe Michaels, Edward J. Ricker, George R. Vanderspek, Roland K. Seager, Sara Winn, Joshua N. Jenkins, Jon M. Addison, Brett Alfaro, Owen Anderson, D.R. Aydi, Elias Beatty, Thomas G. Bedding, Timothy R. Belinski, Alexander A. Benkhaldoun, Zouhair Berlind, Perry Blake, Cullen H. Bowen, Michael J. Bowler, Brendan P. Boyle, Andrew W. Branson, Dalton Briceño, César Calkins, Michael L. Campbell, Emma Christiansen, Jessie L. Chomiuk, Laura Collins, Kevin I. Cornachione, Matthew A. Daassou, Ahmed Dressing, Courtney D. Esquerdo, Gilbert A. Feliz, Dax L. Fong, William Fukui, Akihiko Gan, Tianjun Gill, Holden Goliguzova, Maria V. Hansen, Jarrod Henning, Thomas Hintz, Eric G. Hobson, Melissa J. Horner, Jonathan Huang, Chelsea X. James, David J. Jensen, Jacob S. Johnson, Samson A. Jordán, Andrés Kane, Stephen R. Barkaoui, Khalid Kim, Myung-Jin Kim, Kingsley Kuhn, Rudolf B. Law, Nicholas Lewin, Pablo Liu, Hui-Gen Lund, Michael B. Mann, Andrew W. McCrady, Nate Mengel, Matthew W. Mink, Jessica Murphy, Lauren G. Narita, Norio Newman, Patrick Okumura, Jack Osborn, Hugh P. Paegert, Martin Palle, Enric Pepper, Joshua Plavchan, Peter Popov, Alexander A. Rabus, Markus Ranshaw, Jessica Rodriguez, Jennifer A. Roh, Dong-Goo Reefe, Michael A. Savel, Arjun B. Schwarz, Richard P. Shporer, Avi Siverd, Robert J. Sliski, David H. Stassun, Keivan G. Stevens, Daniel J. Soubkiou, Abderahmane Ting, Eric B. Tinney, C.G. Vow Center for Data Intensive and Time Domain Astronomy Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden St CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Centre for Astrophysics University of Southern Queensland West Street ToowoombaQLD4350 Australia Caltech IPAC NASA Exoplanet Science Institute 1200 E. California Ave PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Physical Sciences Kutztown University KutztownPA19530 United States George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Charles R. & Judith G. Munnerlyn Astronomical Laboratory Department of Physics & Astronomy Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley BrownsvilleTX78520 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa CruzCA95064 United States Department of Astronomy The Ohio State University 140 West 18th Avenue ColumbusOH43210 United States Astrophysics Group Keele University StaffordshireST5 5BG United Kingdom European Southern Observatory Alonso de Córdova 3107 Vitacura Casilla Santiago19001 Chile Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Av. Diagonal las Torres 2640 Peñalolén Santiago Chile Millennium Institute for Astrophysics Chile Data Observatory Foundation Chile Kotizarovci Observatory Sarsoni 90 Viskovo51216 Croatia Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Louisville LouisvilleKY40292 United States Observatri de Ca l'Ou United States Villa'39 Observatory LandersCA92285 United States El Sauce Observatory Coquimbo Province Chile Department of Physics and Astronomy Brigham Young Un

We present the discovery and characterization of six short-period, transiting giant planets from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) - TOI-1811 (TIC 376524552), TOI-2025 (TIC 394050135), TOI-2145 (TIC 88992642), TOI-2152 (TIC 395393265), TOI-2154 (TIC 428787891), & TOI-2497 (TIC 97568467). All six planets orbit bright host stars (8.9 P = 0.99-1.45 RJ), have masses ranging from 0.92 to 5.26 MJ, and orbit F, G, and K stars (4766 ≤ Teff ≤ 7360 K). We detect a significant orbital eccentricity for the three longest-period systems in our sample: TOI-2025 b (P = 8.872 days, 0.394+0.035..0.038, TOI-2145 b (P = 10.261 days, e = 0.208+0.034-0.047, and TOI-2497 b (P = 10.656 days, e = 0.195+0.043-0.040. TOI-2145 b and TOI-2497 b both orbit subgiant host stars (3.8 +0.38-0.37 MJ (TOI-2145 b) and 4.82 ± 0.41 MJ (TOI-2497 b). These six new discoveries contribute to the larger community effort to use TESS to create a magnitude-complete, self-consistent sample of giant planets with well-determined parameters for future detailed studies. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Satellites

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Genome-wide association study of long COVID

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Nature genetics 2025年 2025 May 21页

作者： Vilma Lammi Tomoko Nakanishi Samuel E Jones Shea J Andrews Juha Karjalainen Beatriz Cortés Heath E O'Brien Ana Ochoa-Guzman Brian E Fulton-Howard Martin Broberg Hele H Haapaniemi Masahiro Kanai Matti Pirinen Axel Schmidt Ruth E Mitchell Abdou Mousas Massimo Mangino Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong Elizabeth T Cirulli Marc Vaudel Alex S F Kwong Amit K Maiti Minttu M Marttila Daniel C Posner Alexis A Rodriguez Chiara Batini Francesca Minnai Anna R Dearman C A Robert Warmerdam Celia B Sequeros Thomas W Winkler Daniel M Jordan Raimonds Rešcenko Lorenzo Miano Jacqueline M Lane Ryan K Chung Beatriz Guillen-Guio Olivia C Leavy Laura Carvajal-Silva Kevin Aguilar-Valdés Erika Frangione Lindsay Guare Ekaterina Vergasova Eirini Marouli Pasquale Striano Ummu Afeera Zainulabid Ashutosh Kumar Hajar Fauzan Ahmad Ryuya Edahiro Shuhei Azekawa Shiuh-Wen Luoh Christian Erikstrup Ole B V Pedersen Jordan Lerner-Ellis Alicia Colombo Joseph J Grzymski Makoto Ishii Yukinori Okada Noam D Beckmann Meena Kumari Ralf Wagner Iris M Heid Catherine John Patrick J Short Per Magnus Laura Ansone Luca V C Valenti Sulggi A Lee Louise V Wain Ricardo A Verdugo Karina Banasik Frank Geller Lude H Franke Alexander Rakitko Emma L Duncan Alessandra Renieri Konstantinos K Tsilidis Rafael de Cid Ahmadreza Niavarani Erik Abner Teresa Tusié-Luna Shefali S Verma George Davey Smith Nicholas J Timpson Ravi K Madduri Kelly Cho Mark J Daly Andrea Ganna Eva C Schulte J Brent Richards Kerstin U Ludwig Michael Marks-Hultström Hugo Zeberg Hanna M Ollila Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Department of Human Genetics McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. Centre for Clinical Epidemiology Department of Medicine Lady Davis Institute Jewish General Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative Program in Genomic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan. Department of Genome Informatics Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Research Fellow Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo Japan. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab CORE Program Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona Spain. Grup de REcerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra) Barcelona Spain. Sano Genetics Limited London UK. Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico. Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York City NY USA. Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA. Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany. MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit University of Bristol Bristol

Infections can lead to persistent symptoms and diseases such as shingles after varicella zoster or rheumatic fever after streptococcal infections. Similarly, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection can result in long coronavirus disease (COVID), typically manifesting as fatigue, pulmonary symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. The biological mechanisms behind long COVID remain unclear. We performed a genome-wide association study for long COVID including up to 6,450 long COVID cases and 1,093,995 population controls from 24 studies across 16 countries. We discovered an association of FOXP4 with long COVID, independent of its previously identified association with severe COVID-19. The signal was replicated in 9,500 long COVID cases and 798,835 population controls. Given the transcription factor FOXP4's role in lung physiology and pathology, our findings highlight the importance of lung function in the pathophysiology of long COVID.

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The gravity collective: A search for the electromagnetic counterpart to the neutron star-black hole merger GW190814

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kilpatrick, Charles D. Coulter, David A. Arcavi, Iair Brink, Thomas G. Dimitriadis, Georgios Filippenko, Alexei V. Foley, Ryan J. Howell, D. Andrew Jones, David O. Makler, Martin Piro, Anthony L. Rojas-Bravo, César Sand, David J. Swift, Jonathan J. Tucker, Douglas Zheng, Weikang Allam, Sahar S. Annis, James T. Antilen, Juanita Bachmann, Tristan G. Bloom, Joshua S. Bom, Clecio R. Bostroem, K. Azalee Brout, Dillon Burke, Jamison Butler, Robert E. Butner, Melissa Campillay, Abdo Clever, Karoli E. Conselice, Christopher J. Cooke, Jeff Dage, Kristen C. de Carvalho, Reinaldo R. Jaeger, Thomas D.E. Desai, Shantanu Garcia, Alyssa Garcia-Bellido, Juan Gill, Mandeep S.S. Girish, Nachiket Hallakoun, Na'Ama Herner, Kenneth Hiramatsu, Daichi Holz, Daniel E. Huber, Grace Kawash, Adam M. McCully, Curtis Medallon, Sophia A. Metzger, Brian D. Modak, Shaunak Morgan, Robert Muñoz, Ricardo R. Muñoz-Elgueta, Nahir Murakami, Yukei S. Olivares, Felipe E. Palmese, Antonella Patra, Kishore Pereira, Maria E.S. Pessi, Thallis L. Pineda-Garcia, J. Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Rembold, Sandro Barboza Rest, Armin Rodríguez, Ósmar Santana-Silva, Luidhy Sherman, Nora F. Siebert, Matthew R. Smith, Carli Smith, J. Allyn Soares-Santos, Marcelle Stacey, Holland Stahl, Benjamin E. Strader, Jay Strasburger, Erika Sunseri, James Tinyanont, Samaporn Tucker, Brad E. Ulloa, Natalie Valenti, Stefano Vasylyev, Sergiy Wiesner, Matthew P. Zhang, Keto D. Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa CruzCA95064 United States The School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program CIFAR Toronto Canada Department of Astronomy University of California BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106-9530 United States Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Dr Suite 102 GoletaCA93117-5575 United States International Center for Advanced Studies & Instituto de Ciencias Físicas ECyT-UNSAM & CONICET Buenos Aires1650 Argentina Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150 Rio de Janeiro RJCEP 22290-180 Brazil The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science 813 Santa Barbara St. PasadenaCA91101 United States Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721-0065 United States Thacher Observatory Thacher School 5025 Thacher Rd. OjaiCA93023 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P. O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de Chile Camino El Observatorio 1515 Las Condes Santiago Chile Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road MS 50B-4206 BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca Rodovia Mário Covas lote J2 quadra J Itaguaí RJCEP 23810-000 Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California DavisCA95616 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden St CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Astronomy Indiana University 727 E. Third St. BloomingtonIN47405 United States Dep

We present optical follow-up imaging obtained with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Nickel Telescope, Swope Telescope, and Thacher Telescope of the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave (GW) signal from the neutron star–black hole (NSBH) merger GW190814. We searched the GW190814 localization region (19 deg2 for the 90th percentile best localization), covering a total of 51 deg2 and 94.6% of the two-dimensional localization region. Analyzing the properties of 189 transients that we consider as candidate counterparts to the NSBH merger, including their localizations, discovery times from merger, optical spectra, likely host-galaxy redshifts, and photometric evolution, we conclude that none of these objects are likely to be associated with GW190814. Based on this finding, we consider the likely optical properties of an electromagnetic counterpart to GW190814, including possible kilonovae and short gamma-ray burst afterglows. Using the joint limits from our follow-up imaging, we conclude that a counterpart with an rband decline rate of 0.68 mag day−1, similar to the kilonova AT 2017gfo, could peak at an absolute magnitude of at most −17.8 mag (50% confidence). Our data are not constraining for "red" kilonovae and rule out "blue" kilonovae with M > 0.5 M* (30% confidence). We strongly rule out all known types of short gamma-ray burst afterglows with viewing angles ◦ assuming an initial jet opening angle of ∼ 5.2◦ and explosion energies and circumburst densities similar to afterglows explored in the literature. Finally, we explore the possibility that GW190814 merged in the disk of an active galactic nucleus, of which we find four in the localization region, but we do not find any candidate counterparts among these sources. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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Fink, a new generation of broker for the LSST community

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Möller, Anais Peloton, Julien Ishida, Emille E.O. Arnault, Chris Bachelet, Etienne Blaineau, Tristan Boutigny, Dominique Chauhan, Abhishek Gangler, Emmanuel Hernandez, Fabio Hrivnac, Julius Leoni, Marco Leroy, Nicolas Moniez, Marc Pateyron, Sacha Ramparison, Adrien Turpin, Damien Ansari, Réza Allam, Tarek Bajat, Armelle Biswas, Biswajit Boucaud, Alexandre Bregeon, Johan Campagne, Jean-Eric Cohen-Tanugi, Johann Coleiro, Alexis Dornic, Damien Fouchez, Dominique Godet, Olivier Gris, Philippe Karpov, Sergey Gomez-Moran, Ada Nebot Neveu, Jérémy Plaszczynski, Stephane Savchenko, Volodymyr Webb, Natalie Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-FerrandF-63000 France Université Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3 IJCLab Orsay France Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Drive suite 102 GoletaCA93117 United States Université Grenoble-Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules France Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal721302 India CNRS CC-IN2P3 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin CS70202 Villeurbanne cedex69627 France Direction des Systèmes d’Information Université Paris Sud Orsay Cedex91405 France Université Paris-Saclay CNRS CEA Département d’Astrophysique Instrumentation et Modélisation de Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France Centre for Data Intensive Science Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Department of Space and Climate Physics University College London SurreyRH5 6NT United Kingdom CEICO Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic Department of Physics Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Rajasthan333031 India Université de Paris CNRS AstroParticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France Grenoble France LUPM Université de Montpellier et CNRS Montpellier Cedex 0534095 France Aix Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM Marseille France IRAP UPS CNRS/CNES 9 avenue du colonel Roche 3028 Toulouse Cedex 04 France Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7550 11 rue de l’Université Strasbourg67000 France ISDC Department of Astronomy University of Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland

Fink is a broker designed to enable science with large time-domain alert streams such as the one from the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). It exhibits traditional astronomy broker features such as automatised ingestion, enrichment, selection and redistribution of promising alerts for transient science. It is also designed to go beyond traditional broker features by providing real-time transient classification which is continuously improved by using state-of-the-art Deep Learning and Adaptive Learning techniques. These evolving added values will enable more accurate scientific output from LSST photometric data for diverse science cases while also leading to a higher incidence of new discoveries which shall accompany the evolution of the survey. In this paper we introduce Fink, its science motivation, architecture and current status including first science verification cases using the Zwicky Transient Facility alert stream. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surveys

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Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms

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Global Ecology and Biogeography 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Kevin F. A. Darras Rodney A. Rountree Steven L. Van Wilgenburg Anna F. Cord Frederik Pitz Youfang Chen Lijun Dong Agnès Rocquencourt Camille Desjonquères Patrick Mauritz Diaz Tzu-Hao Lin Théophile Turco Louise Emmerson Tom Bradfer-Lawrence Amandine Gasc Sarah Marley Marcus Salton Laura Schillé Paul J. Wensveen Shih-Hung Wu Adriana C. Acero-Murcia Orlando Acevedo-Charry Matyáš Adam Jacopo Aguzzi Irmak Akoglu M. Clara P. Amorim Mina Anders Michel André Alexandre Antonelli Leandro Aparecido Do Nascimento Giulliana Appel Stephanie Archer Christos Astaras Andrey Atemasov Jamieson Atkinson Joël Attia Emanuel Baltag Luc Barbaro Fritjof Basan Carly Batist Julio Ernesto Baumgarten Just T. Bayle Sempere Kristen Bellisario Asaf Ben David Oded Berger-Tal Frédéric Bertucci Matthew G. Betts Iqbal S. Bhalla Thiago Bicudo Marta Bolgan Sara Bombaci Gerard Bota Martin Boullhesen Robert A. Briers Susannah Buchan Michal Budka Katie Burchard Giuseppa Buscaino Alice Calvente Marconi Campos-Cerqueira Maria Isabel Carvalho Gonçalves Maria Ceraulo Maite Cerezo-Araujo Gunnar Cerwén Adams A. Chaskda Maria Chistopolova Christopher W. Clark Kieran D. Cox Benjamin Cretois Chapin Czarnecki Luis P. da Silva Wigna da Silva Laurence H. De Clippele David de la Haye Ana Silvia de Oliveira Tissiani Devin de Zwaan M. Eugenia Degano Jessica Deichmann Joaquin del Rio Christian Devenish Ricardo Díaz-Delgado Pedro Diniz Dorgival Diógenes Oliveira-Júnior Thiago Dorigo Saskia Dröge Marina Duarte Adam Duarte Kerry Dunleavy Robert Dziak Simon Elise Hiroto Enari Haruka S. Enari Florence Erbs Britas Klemens Eriksson Pınar Ertör-Akyazi Nina C. Ferrari Luane Ferreira Abram B. Fleishman Paulo J. Fonseca Bárbara Freitas Nicholas R. Friedman Jérémy S. P. Froidevaux Svetlana Gogoleva Carolina Gonzaga José Miguel González Correa Eben Goodale Benjamin Gottesman Ingo Grass Jack Greenhalgh Jocelyn Gregoire Samuel Haché Jonas Hagge William Halliday Antonia Hammer Tara Hanf-Dressler Sylvain Haupert Samara Haver Becky Heath Daniel Hending Jose Hernandez-Blanco Dennis Higgs EFNO ECODIV INRAE Domaine des Barres Nogent-sur-Vernisson France Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Lab School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Chair of Computational Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany Biology Department University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada The Fish Listener Waguoit Massachusetts USA Terrestrial Unit Prairie Region Canadian Wildlife Service Environment & Climate Change Canada Prairie & Northern Wildlife Research Centre Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada Agro-ecological Modeling Group Faculty of Agriculture University of Bonn Bonn Germany Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Department of Deep Sea Science Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya Hainan China Institut de Systématique Évolution Biodiversité Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LECA Grenoble France Climate Change and Biodiversity Hanns R. Neumann Stiftung Indonesia Muaradua Indonesia Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei Taiwan ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory University of Saint-Etienne CRNL CNRS UMR 5292 Inserm UMR_S 1028 Saint-Etienne France Australian Antarctic Division Science Branch Department of Climate Change Energy Environment and Water Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania Australia Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling Scotland Centre for Conservation Science RSPB Edinburgh UK IMBE Aix Marseille Univ Avignon Univ CNRS IRD Aix-en-Provence France Scotland's Rural College Craibstone Estate Aberdeen UK BIOGECO INRAE University of Bordeaux Cestas France Westman Islands Research Centre University of Iceland Vestmannaeyjar Iceland Qigu Research Center Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute Nantou County Taiwan Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia

Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm 2 ) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm 2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55%) comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this

关键词： ARU automated sound recorder biodiversity conservation biology ecoacoustics IUCN GET realm Passive Acoustic Monitoring phenology soundscape ecology

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Is the winner really the best? A critical analysis of common research practice in biomedical image analysis competitions

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Maier-Hein, Lena Eisenmann, Matthias Reinke, Annika Onogur, Sinan Stankovic, Marko Scholz, Patrick Arbel, Tal Bogunovic, Hrvoje Bradley, Andrew P. Carass, Aaron Carolin Feldmann Frangi, Alejandro F. Ful, Peter M. van Ginneken, Bram Hanbury, Allan Honauer, Katrin Kozubek, Michal Landman, Bennett A. Marz, Keno Maier, Oskar Maier-Hein, Klaus Menze, Bjoern H. Müller, Henning Neher, Peter F. Niessen, Wiro Rajpoot, Nasir Sharp, Gregory C. Sirinukunwattana, Korsuk Speidel, Stefanie Stock, Christian Stoyanov, Danail Taha, Abdel Aziz van der Sommen, Fons Wang, Ching-Wei Weber, Marc-André Zheng, Guoyan Jannin, Pierre Kopp-Schneider, Annette Heidelberg Germany Centre for Intelligent Machines McGill University MontrealQC Canada Christian Doppler Laboratory for Ophthalmic Image Analysis Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore United States CISTIB Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Medical Image Analysis Radboud University Center Nijmegen Netherlands Institute of Information Systems Engineering TU Wien Vienna Austria Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic Electrical Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Institute of Medical Informatics Universität zu Lübeck Lübeck Germany Heidelberg Germany Institute for Advanced Studies Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Information System Institute HES-SO Sierre Switzerland Departments of Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Medical Informatics Erasmus MC Rotterdam Netherlands Department of Computer Science University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom Department of Radiation Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA United States Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden Dresden Germany Heidelberg Germany Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom Data Science Studio Research Studios Austria FG Vienna Austria Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands AIExplore NTUST Center of Computer Vision and Medical Imaging Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Ta

International challenges have become the standard for validation of biomedical image analysis methods. Given their scientific impact, it is surprising that a critical analysis of common practices related to the organization of challenges has not yet been performed. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of biomedical image analysis challenges conducted up to now. We demonstrate the importance of challenges and show that the lack of quality control has critical consequences. First, reproducibility and interpretation of the results is often hampered as only a fraction of relevant information is typically provided. Second, the rank of an algorithm is generally not robust to a number of variables such as the test data used for validation, the ranking scheme applied and the observers that make the reference annotations. To overcome these problems, we recommend best practice guidelines and define open research questions to be addressed in the future. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quality control

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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