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作者： Sin, Gürkan Niville, Kwinten Bachis, Giulia Jiang, Tao Nopens, Ingmar Van Hulle, Stijn Vanrolleghem, Peter A. BIOMATH Department of Applied Mathematics Biometrics and Process Control Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B-9000 Gent Belgium Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Building 229DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark Research group EnBiChem Department of Industrial Engineering and Technology University College West Flanders Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5 8500 Kortrijk Belgium ModelEAU Département de Génie Civil Pavillon Pouliot Université Laval QC G1K 7P4 Canada

Batch tests were performed to investigate the nitrite effect on the P-uptake of biomass grown in pilot-scale SBR and MBR systems. The results showed that the nitrite has an inhibitory effect on the aerobic P-uptake of the SBR and the MBR biomasses. The degree of inhibition was observed to be 65 % and 37 % at 10 mg NO2-N/l for the SBR and the MBR respectively. Both biomasses were found capable of using nitrite as electron acceptor as effectively as nitrate. Moreover, for the SBR biomass the anoxic P-uptake rate using nitrite was found even higher (60%) than the P-uptake rate with nitrate. From a modelling point of view, the current models require appropriate extensions to describe these various effects of nitrite. Hence, an extension of the ASM2d model has been provided. Prevention of nitrite build-up in full-scale EBPRs will eliminate the nitrite inhibition problem. Alternatively one can adopt a proactive approach in which the aerobic P-uptake phase is replaced with an anoxic P-uptake phase using only nitrite as electron acceptor. Such an approach offers considerable cost savings and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal. This, however, requires further research for experimental validation and testing.

关键词： Biomass

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Comparison of Two Nonlinear Model Predictive control Methods and Implementation on a Laboratory Three Tank System

Comparison of Two Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Methods...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： A. Bamimore O. Taiwo R. King Department of Chemical Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Head of Measurement and Control Group Institute of Process and Plant Technology Sekr P2-1 Technical University of Berlin Hardenberger Str. 36a D-1063 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781612848006

Almost all industrial processes exhibit nonlinear dynamics, however most model predictive control (MPC) applications are based on linear models. Linear models do not always give a sufficiently adequate representation of the system and therefore Nonlinear Model Predictive control (NMPC) techniques have to be used. In this article, two techniques of NMPC, namely successive linearization nonlinear model predictive control (SLNMPC) and wiener nonlinear model predictive control (WNMPC) are applied to nonlinear process systems. The major advantage of the two methods being that the NMPC problem is reduced to a linear model predictive control (LMPC) problem at each time step which thereafter allows the optimization problem to be solved using quadratic programming (QP) techniques. Another advantage of these methods is the reduced computational time in calculating the control effort which makes them suitable for online implementation. Both simulation and experimental results show the superiority of the SLNMPC over WNMPC in handling process nonlinearity. The work also shows the favourable performance of the NMPC over LMPC, as expected.

关键词： Mathematical model Predictive models Predictive control Computational modeling Equations Optimization

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Robust Proportional-Integral control of a Laboratory Model Using Programmable Logic controller SIMATIC S7-300

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2009年第6期42卷 36-41页

作者： Radek MatuŜu Katarína Vaneková Roman Prokop Monika BakoŜová Department of Automation and Control Engineering Faculty of Applied Informatics Tomas Bata University in Zlín Nad Stránemi 4511 76005 Zlín Czech Republic Tel: +420 576 033 015 fax: +420 576 035 279 Department of Information Engineering and Process Control Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Radlinského 9 81237 Bratislava Slovakia Tel: +421 259 325 364 fax: +421 252 496 469

The main aim of the contribution is to present a possible approach to design of simple Proportional-Integral (PI) robust controllers and subsequently to demonstrate their applicability during control of a laboratory model with uncertain parameters through the Programmable Logic controller (PLC) SIMATIC S7–300 by Siemens Company. The proposed and utilized synthesis consists of two steps – the former one is a determination of controller parameters area, which ensures the robustly stable control loop and which is based on the computing/plotting the stability boundary locus while the latter one lies in the final choice of the controller itself relying on algebraic techniques. The basic theoretical parts are followed by laboratory experiments in which the 3rd order nonlinear electronic model has been successfully controlled in various working points.

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Sensitivity Analysis of a Two-dimensional Microbiological Risk Assessment

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2010年第6期43卷 323-328页

作者： Pieter Busschaert Annemie H. Geeraerd Mieke Uyttendaele Jan F. Van Impe CPMF2 - Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods -http://www.cpmf2.be BioTeC - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control Department of Chemical Engineering Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium MeBioS - Division of Mechatronics Biostatistics and Sensors Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation Department of Food Safety and Food Quality Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Quantitative microbiological risk assessment aims at estimating the risk of illness that is related to a certain pathogen and food type combination through the use of simulations. A recent trend can be seen in which uncertainty about the risk estimate is characterized separately from variability, generally implemented by means of a two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation. This research aims at identifying the key parameters that contribute to the obtained risk while keeping the effect of uncertainty and variability separated using a methodology based on analysis of variance. The risk related to Listeria monocytogenes in meat preparations is used as a case study. It is found that uncertainty about the correct dose-response model is determining the output most. Also the variability distribution of storage duration and storage temperature have a major effect on the final risk. Furthermore, uncertainty about the location of the storage duration distribution is an important factor determining risk. These findings illustrate how the methodology proposed in this research enables identification of the relative importance of all model parameters such as temperature, storage duration, food contamination, etc., and also comparison of the impact of variability versus uncertainty about model parameters on the final risk estimate.

关键词： Quantitative microbiological risk assessment sensitivity analysis variability uncertainty analysis of variance L. monocytogenes meat preparations

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Graphene Field Effect Transistor on Silicon Nitride Devices for Near-Infrared Wavelength Tuning

Graphene Field Effect Transistor on Silicon Nitride Devices ...

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CLEO: Applications and technology in CLEO 2024, CLEO: A and T 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Vorobev, A.S. Mendoza-Castro, J.H. Iadanza, S. Jastan, S. Bianco, G.V. Bruno, G. D'Orazio, A. O'Faolain, L. Grande, M. Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Politecnico di Bari Via E. Orabona 4 Bari70126 Italy Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis Munster Technological University Bishopstown CorkT12 T66T Ireland Tyndall National Institute CorkT12 PX46 Ireland Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/164 Vienna1060 Austria Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Technologies Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen5232 Switzerland CNR-Nanotec Department of Chemistry University of Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari70123 Italy

In this work, we present the Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET) on Silicon Nitride waveguides for achieving the wavelength tuning in the Near-Infrared (NIR) range. The obtained Electrolyte-Graphene-Waveguide fabr... 详细信息

关键词： Silicon nitride

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Enhanced Orr Performance with N-Doped Pt@Ni-Ac Composites Towards Highly Active and Stable Catalysts

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Mushtaq, Muhammad Umair Lin, Zhu Li, Danni Ayub, Khurram Shahzad Abbas, Zain Zaman, Waqas Qamar Yang, Ji School of Resources and Environmental Engineering State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai200237 China Department of Chemical Engineering University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Gujrat50700 Pakistan Sector H‑12 Main Campus Islamabad44000 Pakistan Research Centre Forward Sports Private Limited Sialkot Pakistan Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecology Security Shanghai20092 China

The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) presents a critical bottleneck in many emerging electrochemical energy conversion technologies, demanding innovative catalysts to overcome kinetic limitations and optimize resource utilization. This study evaluated N-doped Pt nanoparticles supported on Ni-AC (activated carbon) as an ORR catalyst. Nanoparticles were synthesized through annealing Pt in an N2 atmosphere, followed by clustering the Pt Ni-coated AC. Electrochemical results showed that Pt-Ni compositions optimized better ORR performance. Among the catalysts examined, Pt0.25Ni0.75-AC demonstrated superior activity, followed closely by Pt0.15Ni0.85-AC, exhibiting marked halfwave potential (799 and 710 mV) specific activities (69.39 and 56.09 Ag-1) and minimal Tafel slope (-63 and -88 mV dec-1) against Pt-AC (636 mV vs. RHE, 40.2 Ag-1 mV and -88 mV dec-1), respectively. Markedly, in long-term stability testing over 40,000 cycles, Pt-AC suffered performance fluctuations while Pt0.25Ni0.75-AC retained over 90% of its initial activity. This highlights the stability enhancement imparted by the Ni incorporation. XAS and XPS validated the incorporation of Ni while SEM, and HRTEM with three-dimensional imaging confirmed the Pt clustering on the Pt Ni-coated AC and formation of a layered structure. Overall, results confirm N-doped Pt clusters supported on Ni-AC as highly active and robust oxygen reduction catalysts. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nickel alloys

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Optimal switching Lyapunov-based control of a boost DC-DC converter

Optimal switching Lyapunov-based control of a boost DC-DC co...

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Mediterranean Conference on control and Automation (MED)

作者： C. Yfoulis D. Giaouris F. Stergiopoulos C. Ziogou S. Voutetakis S. Papadopoulou Automation Engineering Department Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GREECE Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (C.P.E.R.I.) Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CE.R. T.H.) Thermi Thessaloniki GREECE

A new methodology for designing robust and efficient state-feedback control laws for a switched-mode boost DC-DC power converter has been recently proposed. This approach has adopted the so-called stabilizing or Lyapunov-based control paradigm which is well-known in the area of energy-based control of DC-DC converters, whereby the control law takes a state-feedback form parameterized by a positive scalar γ. Extension to state-dependent switching state-feedback control laws has been proposed, where the switching surfaces are parameterized by a number of positive scalars γ. i . In this paper this methodology is revisited by considering the problem of designing optimal switching state-feedback control laws, i.e. finding the optimal control parameters γ. i corresponding to the optimal position of the switching surfaces. This permits minimization of the number of switchings required for achieving an optimal performance and hence reduced complexity of the control law. Systematic derivation of gradient information to apply gradient-descent algorithms is provided. The proposed technique is numerically evaluated using the exact switched model of the converter.

关键词： Switches Trajectory DC-DC power converters Robustness Complexity theory Optimal control

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Formation of Hematite Nanoparticles By Recycling Waste Ferrous Sulfate Using Microwave-Assisted Reduction technology

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SSRN 2023年

作者： He, Xuemei Zhang, Min Wang, Xinlong Yang, Xiushan Zhu, Denglei Zhang, Zhengan Ren, Genkuan Chen, Aijun Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities Yibin University Yibin64000 China International Institute of Applied Technology Yibin University Yibin64000 China Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering Yibin University Yibin64000 China Chemical Science and Engineering College Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Sichuan University China Yibin University China

Massive waste ferrous sulfate heptahydrate without being properly treated not only caused serious environment pollution but also enormous resource waste. To relieve environmental pressures and enhance resource utilization, a novel solution is proposed to fabricate hematite nanoparticles (α-HNPs) using waste ferrous sulfate as raw material by microwave- assisted reduction technology under nitrogen protection. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized α-HNPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The obtained conditions for fabrication of α-HNPs are at 550 ℃ for 6 min at the ratio of 14:1 (waste ferrous sulfate /pyrite). Fabrication of α-HNPs with spherical-like shape was analyzed by using XRD, FTIR, RM and XPS. Results indicated that the α-HNPs with the mean particle diameter of 45 nm were obtained by microwave-assisted reduction technique. Special surface area, pore volume and pore size of α-HNPs were evaluated to be ca. 20.999 m2/g, ca. 0.111 cm3/g and ca. 0.892 nm. The novel synthesis technique of α-HNPs provides an effective way for utilizing waste ferrous sulfate from titanium dioxide production and easing environmental pressures, which is in line with the idea of recycling economy and meets the requirements for cleaner utilization. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

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Recovering chromium from electroplating sludge using an integrated technology of bipolar membrane electrodialysis and H2O2 oxidation

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Chemosphere 2024年 366卷 143450页

作者： Lian, Rui Liu, Yaoxing Pan, Yan Ding, Jianguo Wu, Xiaoyun Lv, Mingzhi Wu, Xiaoyu Chen, Riyao Ding, Rui Liu, Jianxi Van der Bruggen, Bart College of Environmental and Resource Sciences College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse Fujian Normal University Fujian Province Fuzhou350117 China School of Safety and Environment Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College Fujian Province Fuzhou350007 China Department of Chemical Engineering ProcESS-Process Engineering for Sustainable System KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F LeuvenB-3001 Belgium Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Tshwane University of Technology Private Bag X680 Pretoria0001 South Africa

Chromium electroplating produces Cr(III)-containing electroplating sludge (EPS) in large volumes, which is easily oxidised to Cr(Ⅵ) and is harmful to the environment and human health. This study recovered Cr(III) as Na2CrO4 from EPS using an integrated bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED)–H2O2 oxidation technology. During the treatment process, Cr(III) was oxidised to Cr(VI) using H2O2 in an alkaline environment, BMED was used to separate and recover Cr(VI). Experimental results showed that H2O2 dosage and pH affected Cr(III) oxidation—the highest Cr(III) oxidation ratio of 68.4% was observed when H2O2 dosage and pH were 5.5 mL and 12.0, respectively. The current density, solid/liquid ratio and sludge particle size affected Cr(III) recovery, energy consumption and current efficiency. Under a current density of 20.0 mA/cm2, solid/liquid ratio of 1.0:45 and sludge particle size of 100 mesh, 58.2% of Cr(III) was recovered. When the number of the equipped EPS compartments was increased from one to two and three, the specific energy consumption decreased from 1.04 to 0.87 and 0.81 kW h/g, respectively, but the current efficiency remained almost constant. After EPS treatment, the Cr(III) remaining in the sludge was mainly in the residual state, which is less environmentally harmful. The obtained Na2CrO4 had similar properties according to X-ray diffraction analysis. Thus, the proposed integrated technology effectively recovers Cr(III) from EPS and other chromium-containing solid wastes. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： X ray diffraction analysis

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Optimal energy-based stabilizing controllers for DC-DC converters

Optimal energy-based stabilizing controllers for DC-DC conve...

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Mediterranean Conference on control and Automation

作者： C. Yfoulis D. Giaouris C. Ziogou F. Stergiopoulos S. Voutetakis S. Papadopoulou Automation Engineering Department Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Greece School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Newcastle University UK Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (C.P.E.R.I.) Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.) Thermi-Thessaloniki Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781467383479

This paper aims at presenting new ideas and in-sights towards a novel optimal energy-based stabilizing control approach for power electronic converters. The stabilizing or Lyapunov-based control paradigm is well-known in the area of energy-based control of DC-DC converters. Such laws rely on an energy-based Lyapunov function to control the speed of the energy dissipation by which power electronic converters reach their steady-state operation and are parameterized by a positive scalar λ, whose selection is critical for the performance of the closed-loop system. A typical optimal control problem for stabilizing control laws is formulated, whose solution involves the search for the optimal value for λ. Two different averaging continuous-time models for DC-DC converters are adopted (nonlinear and linearized) and corresponding methods for solving the optimal control problem are presented. In the general nonlinear case, the optimal control problem is reduced to a nonlinear optimization problem for which analytical gradient information is available. In the linearized case, the optimal control problem is reduced to a simple optimization problem of finding the minima of a polynomial function of λ. The methods are evaluated in a boost converter using simulation.

关键词： DC-DC converters Optimal control Energy-based control Stabilizing control

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