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Federated learning in network traffic classification: Taxonomy of implementation, application, and impact on sixth-generation wireless networks

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engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2025年 158卷

作者： Azizi Ariffin Firdaus Afifi Faiz Zaki Hazim Hanif Nor Badrul Anuar Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia School of Computing Sciences College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Nerus Terengganu 21030 Malaysia Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Centre of Research for Cyber Security and Network (CSNET) Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Institute of Informatics & Computing in Energy Universiti Tenaga Nasional Putrajaya Kampus 43000 Kajang Selangor Malaysia

Objectives Network traffic classification (NTC) is crucial for network management. However, the surge in Internet traffic poses scalability and privacy issues. Researchers are turning to federated learning (FL) to tackle these issues. Despite the importance of FL, there is lack of literature that comprehensively reviews its implementation and application within NTC and its impact on Sixth-Generation Wireless (6G) networks. Current surveys cover the technical aspects of NTC without fully addressing the integration of FL and its broader implications. This study aims to review the technical implementation of FL in NTC and its application to various network-related areas, including 6G. Methods This study presents a taxonomy for FL implementation in NTC, considering aspects such as learning and aggregation approaches, topology, and client operations. It examines the limitations of these elements and their effects on performance, efficiency, scalability, and their impact on 6G. This study outlines a taxonomy for FL applications, focusing on privacy preservation, scalable classification, and shared security intelligence. Novelty The proposed taxonomy provides insights into research landscape and highlights its limitations. The analysis of the impact of FL-based NTC on 6G provides insight into its integration and implementation challenges. This study discusses open issues and advocates for future research directions in FL for NTC, including 6G. Findings The study identifies areas needing improvement such as privacy, addressing security, single-point-of-failure, hardware limitations, delays and heterogeneity concerns. The findings of this paper show that an optimal implementation approach is essential to cater for heterogeneity and real-time requirements of the network environment.

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Design and fabrication of an agricultural robot for crop seeding

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 81卷 283-289页

作者： Hussain Nor Azmi Sami Salama Hussen Hajjaj Kisheen Rao Gsangaya Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan Mohd Fazly Mail Lee Seng Hua Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN Kajang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43000 Malaysia Centre for Advanced Mechatronics and Robotics (CaMaRo) Universiti Tenaga Nasional Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN Kajang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43000 Malaysia Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE) Universiti Tenaga Nasional Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN Kajang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43000 Malaysia Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Trop‘ical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia Department of Aerospace Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia Aerospace Malaysia Innovation Centre (944741-A) Prime Minister’s Department MIGHT Partnership Hub Jalan Impact Cyberjaya Selangor Darul Ehsan 63000 Malaysia Farm Mechanization Program Engineering Research Centre Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia

Crop seeding is a time-consuming and tedious activity for farmers and is only exacerbated in large agriculture fields. Manually sowing seeds by hand is a highly inefficient process that requires a lot of human effort and can lead to health concerns for farmers, while spreading seedlings using tractors results in a high wastage of seedlings. This research paper describes the development of a low-cost agricultural robot for crop seeding. The prototype system consists of two parts, namely a mobile base for robot movement and a seeding mechanism attached to the mobile base for crop seeding application. The mobile base has a four-wheel design to ease movement on uneven terrains, while the seeding mechanism uses the concept of a crank-slider to continuously inject seedlings into the ground. Crop seeding tests show that the robot is able to sow 138 seedlings in 5 min, with an accuracy of 92%, compared to 102 seedlings by human workers. This demonstrates an increase in the crop seeding efficiency of over 35%. As for the battery life test, it was determined that the robot can function for up to 4 h on a single charge. Thus, there will not be an increase in the operation time and reduction in the efficiency of the crop seeding process due to the recharging times when human workers are replaced with the prototype system. The recharging duration for the robot power supply is 1.5 h. While the prototype system has successfully achieved its objective of reducing human interference, labour requirement, and the overall operating costs in the field of agriculture for crop seeding process, by making the robot fully autonomous, using either a rail- or line-following system, labour costs can be further reduced as an operator is not required to manually steer the robot to each seeding path.

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2828 The influence of ethnicity and social disadvantage on frailty in a United Kingdom (UK) populationGet access

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Age and Ageing 2025年第SUPPLEMENT_1期54卷

作者： Heald, AH Lu, W Williams, R McCay, K Stedman, M O’Neill, TW The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Salford Royal Hospital Salford Department of Computing & Mathematics Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University Division of Informatics Imaging and Data Science University of Manchester RES Consortium Andover Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis University of Manchester Department of Rheumatology Salford UK

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Enhancement cervical whole slice images using histogram techniques

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3135卷

作者： Sujoud Khreast Obaieh Al Quraan Wan Azani Mustafa Alaa Badarneh Hiam Alquran Department of Biomedical Systems and Informatics Engineering Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology Campus Pauh Putra Universiti Malaysia Perlis Arau 02000 Perlis Malaysia Advanced Computing (AdvComp) Centre of Excellence (CoE) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Campus Pauh Putra 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia

Cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality among women worldwide, and early detection is crucial for successful treatment. However, the interpretation of cervical whole slice images can be challenging due to poor image quality. This paper presents a study on the use of histogram techniques to enhance the quality of cervical whole slice images. The aim of the study is to improve the visibility of important structures in the image, such as blood vessels and cell nuclei, for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. The study used histogram equalization and stretching techniques to enhance the contrast and brightness of cervical whole slice images. Experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of these techniques in improving the image quality. The results show that the enhanced images are of higher quality and are easier to interpret than the original images. The histogram equalization technique improved the visibility of structures in the image by increasing the contrast, while the histogram stretching technique improved the brightness and color balance. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of histogram techniques in enhancing the quality of cervical whole slice images for better diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. The use of these techniques can greatly improve the visibility of important structures in the image and lead to more accurate diagnosis and treatment. These findings can have important implications for the development of more effective screening and diagnostic methods for cervical cancer.

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SANTIA: a Matlab-based open-source toolbox for artifact detection and removal from extracellular neuronal signals

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Brain informatics 2021年第1期8卷 1-19页

作者： Fabietti, Marcos Mahmud, Mufti Lotfi, Ahmad Kaiser, M. Shamim Averna, Alberto Guggenmos, David J. Nudo, Randolph J. Chiappalone, Michela Chen, Jianhui Department of Computer Science Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Medical Technologies Innovation Facility Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Computing and Informatics Research Centre Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Institute of Information Technology Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka1342 Bangladesh Department of Health Sciences University of Milan Via di Rudinì 8 Milan20142 Italy Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Kansas Medical Center 3901 Rainbow Blvd Kansas City66160 United States Department of informatics Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering-DIBRIS University of Genova Via All’Opera Pia 13 Genoa16145 Italy Faculty of Information Technology International WIC Institute Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services Beijing100124 China

Neuronal signals generally represent activation of the neuronal networks and give insights into brain functionalities. They are considered as fingerprints of actions and their processing across different structures of the brain. These recordings generate a large volume of data that are susceptible to noise and artifacts. Therefore, the review of these data to ensure high quality by automatically detecting and removing the artifacts is imperative. Toward this aim, this work proposes a custom-developed automatic artifact removal toolbox named, SANTIA (SigMate Advanced: a Novel Tool for Identification of Artifacts in Neuronal Signals). Developed in Matlab, SANTIA is an open-source toolbox that applies neural network-based machine learning techniques to label and train models to detect artifacts from the invasive neuronal signals known as local field potentials. © 2021, The Author(s).

关键词： Neural networks

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A New 4-D Multi-Stable Hyperchaotic Two-Scroll System with No-Equilibrium and its Hyperchaos Synchronization 2

A New 4-D Multi-Stable Hyperchaotic Two-Scroll System with N...

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2nd International Conference on Computer, Science, engineering, and Technology, ICComSET 2019

作者： Vaidyanathan, S. Lien, C.-H. Fuadi, W. Mujiarto Mamat, M. Subiyanto Research and Development Centre Vel Tech University Avadi Chennai India Department of Marine Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung811 Taiwan Department of Informatic Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Utara Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya Indonesia Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Kuala Terengganu Malaysia Department of Marine Science Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science Universitas Padjadjaran Indonesia

A new 4-D multi-stable hyperchaotic two-scroll system with four quadratic nonlinearities is proposed in this paper. The dynamical properties of the new hyperchaotic system are described in terms of finding equilibrium points, phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, dissipativity, etc. We discover that the new hyperchaotic system has no equilibrium point and hence it exhibits a hidden attractor. Furthermore, we show that the new hyperchaos system has multi-stability by the coexistence of hyperchaotic attractors for different values of initial conditions. As a control application, we use integral sliding mode control (ISMC) to derive new results for the hyperchaos synchronization of the new 4-D multi-stable hyperchaotic two-scroll system with hidden attractor. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Sliding mode control

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Nucleus detection using bradley algorithm modification on pap smear cell image

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3135卷

作者： Wan Azani Mustafa Zulhadi Arifin Ku Nurul Fazira Ku Azir Naimah Yaakob Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Hiam Alquran Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology University of Malaysia Perlis UniCITI Alam Campus Sungai Chuchuh Perlis Malaysia Advanced Computing (AdvComp) Centre of Excellence (CoE) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Campus Pauh Putra 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Arau 02600 Perlis Malaysia Department of Biomedical Systems and Medical Informatics Engineering Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan

According to a 2010 study, cervical cancer affects women all over the world and is the fourth most common disease among women after lung, colorectal, and breast cancer. Numerous studies are being conducted to improve pre-cancer screening methods. It is challenging for doctors to collect correct data due to inconsistent and unsystematic analysis techniques. Making a determination just from eye inspection is challenging. It is probably erroneous based on the sample of microscopic images studied. This is because to the blurring, noise, shadow, lighting, and artefact issues that can damage a microscopic image. This study has modified Bradley’s binarization method in order to improvise nucleus detection on pap smear image. The modification method has performance that overcome other methods which is Bernsen, Bradley, Feng, Niblack, Nick, Otsu, Sauvola and Wolf. The analysis indicate modification method has value 75.03% on Fmeasure, 92.78% on accuracy, 13.61 on PSNR and 0.086 on NRM. This study helps the modification method inspired by Bradley shows an improvement in segmenting nucleus region.

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Recent trends on organizational energy reduction policies and best practices in South-East Asia

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 81卷 302-309页

作者： Sami Salama Hussen Hajjaj Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan Daryl Ian Paliath Lee Seng Hua Centre for Advanced Mechatronics and Robotics (CaMaRo) Universiti Tenaga Nasional Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN 43000 Kajang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy (IICE) Universiti Tenaga Nasional Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN 43000 Kajang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Department of Aerospace Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Aerospace Malaysia Innovation Centre (944741-A) Prime Minister’s Department MIGHT Partnership Hub Jalan Impact 63000 Cyberjaya Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN 43000 Kajang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia

Reports show that 40% of global carbon emissions come from energy consumed in buildings, so organizations around the world continuously seek ways to reduce their buildings energy consumption. Research identifies three main approaches; Retrofitting, the use of Low Carbon Buildings (LCB), and implementing Energy Management Systems (EMS). However, other factors could affect the success of these approaches; climate and local weather, building types, social acceptance, and implementation. This paper reviews and evaluates 50 reports on these implementations, and uses that evaluation to identify the most effective approach to reduce buildings carbon footprint. In this evaluation, authors used the reported success rate (in reducing carbon footprint) as key parameter, they then cross-checked this with origin of reports (country, climate region), building type, and implementation thoroughness. This allowed the authors to identify not only the best approach, but also understand the impact of these other factors on the reported success rate. Retrofitting was implemented the most (58%) but with varying success (2% to 49% reductions), this variation is attributed to the current state of the buildings and the level/method of retrofitting applied. LCB showed the highest reductions as energy saving measures were preplanned before building construction, this however limits LCB to new and planned buildings. Even though EMS showed results comparable to Retrofitting and required a fraction of the costs/effort, only 14% implemented it, this is an indication of the level of social awareness in the region on the need to reduce carbon footprint and its impact on the world’s climate.

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The EMPOWER blended digital intervention for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial in Scotland and Australia

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The Lancet Psychiatry 2022年第6期9卷 477-486页

作者： Gumley, Andrew I Bradstreet, Simon Ainsworth, John Allan, Stephanie Alvarez-Jimenez, Mario Aucott, Lorna Birchwood, Maximillian Briggs, Andrew Bucci, Sandra Cotton, Sue M Engel, Lidia French, Paul Lederman, Reeva Lewis, Shôn Machin, Matthew MacLennan, Graeme McLeod, Hamish McMeekin, Nicola Mihalopoulos, Cathy Morton, Emma Norrie, John Schwannauer, Matthias Singh, Swaran P Sundram, Suresh Thompson, Andrew Williams, Chris Yung, Alison R Farhall, John Gleeson, John Glasgow Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom Division of Psychology and Mental Health School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Division of Informatics Imaging and Data Sciences School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Orygen Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Centre for Youth Mental Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia School of Computing and Information Systems Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT) University of Aberdeen Aberdeen United Kingdom Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Warwick United Kingdom Department of Health Services Research and Policy London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Manchester United Kingdom School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Psychiatry School of Clinical Sciences Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia School of Medicine Deakin University Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Psychiatry Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester United Kingdom Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada The Usher Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom School for Health in Social Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Mental Health Program Monash Health Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Psychology and Counselling La Trobe University Melbourne VIC Australia NorthWestern Mental Health The Royal Melbourne Hospital Epping VIC Australia Healthy Brain and Mi

Background: Early warning signs monitoring by service users with schizophrenia has shown promise in preventing relapse but the quality of evidence is low. We aimed to establish the feasibility of undertaking a definitive randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of a blended digital intervention for relapse prevention in schizophrenia. Methods: This multicentre, feasibility, cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to compare Early signs Monitoring to Prevent relapse in psychosis and prOmote Well-being, Engagement, and Recovery (EMPOWER) with treatment as usual in community mental health services (CMHS) in Glasgow and Melbourne. CMHS were the unit of randomisation, selected on the basis of those that probably had five or more care coordinators willing to participate. Participants were eligible if they were older than 16 years, had a schizophrenia or related diagnosis confirmed via case records, were able to provide informed consent, had contact with CMHS, and had had a relapse within the previous 2 years. Participants were randomised within stratified clusters to EMPOWER or to continue their usual approach to care. EMPOWER blended a smartphone for active monitoring of early warning signs with peer support to promote self-management and clinical triage to promote access to relapse prevention. Main outcomes were feasibility, acceptability, usability, and safety, which was assessed through face-to-face interviews. App usage was assessed via the smartphone and self-report. Primary end point was 12 months. Participants, research assistants and other team members involved in delivering the intervention were not masked to treatment conditions. Assessment of relapse was done by an independent adjudication panel masked to randomisation group. The study is registered at ISRCTN (99559262). Findings: We identified and randomised eight CMHS (six in Glasgow and two in Melbourne) comprising 47 care coordinators. We recruited 86 service users between Jan 19 and Au

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Agriculture Spatiotemporal Business Intelligence using Open Data Integration 2

Agriculture Spatiotemporal Business Intelligence using Open ...

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2nd International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems, ISRITI 2019

作者： Wisnubhadra, Irya Adithama, Stephanie Pamela Baharin, Safiza Suhana Kamal Herman, Nanna Suryana Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University Informatics Engineering Department Yogyakarta Indonesia Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Centre for Advanced Computing Technology Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Melaka Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728145204

Business Intelligence is a technology for collecting, transforming, and presenting data for analysis as a tool for supporting decision making. Business Intelligence using Data Warehouse, Multidimensional data, and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) has proven to be useful for obtaining information and knowledge relevant to the business. Nowadays the development of the internet with Web 2.0 model is increasing the availability of data over the internet. Linked Open Data (LOD), Open Data, and Open Government Data is constantly growing, producing a large amount of valuable data in the form of semi-structured data, flexible and machine-readable. Data sharing on agricultural production is one of the requirements for the best of analysis of agricultural production, but most of the data is still in the format of 2/3-stars open data and does not yet have spatial data that facilitates analysis based on spatial dimensions. The emerging open data concept makes the data warehouse more dynamic and can accommodate external data. Spatiotemporal support in open data also enables a more sophisticated analysis of data with spatial queries. This research develops tools to integrate agricultural data originating from the Village and Rural Area Information Systems (SIDeKa) that has open distributed data, a service-oriented approach, and spatiotemporal data. This paper also describes the design of business intelligence and multidimensional data for analysis and decision-making tools that enable spatiotemporal and non-spatial based analysis. This paper also highlights the opportunities for scaling and sustaining the initiative. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Decision support systems

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