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1st International Conference on Pollution Control for Clean Environment, ICPCCE 2023

作者： Nawale, Prashant Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819778454

Air pollution has become a serious global issue, which has significant impacts on both human health and the environment. Over the past decade, air quality has deteriorated due to various anthropogenic activities including construction, urbanization and industrialization. These activities release hazardous particles and harmful gases into the atmosphere, contributing to poor air quality. Developing countries such as India have been particularly affected, with some of their cities among the most polluted worldwide. To address this serious concern, it is imperative to develop and implement air pollution control technologies for both indoor and outdoor environments. This study focuses on the structured investigation of the performance of locally available air filter media in terms of their removal efficiency for submicron and micron-size particles. Various indigenous air filter media are subjected to rigorous testing to evaluate their overall and size-specific filtration efficiency and corresponding differential pressure drop. The results of these performance evaluations are then compared to their effectiveness in removing coarse and fine particles from the air. This research aims to provide valuable insights into the development of effective air filtration systems to combat air pollution. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Air filters Air pollution control technology Air purification Coarse PM Fine PM

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Increasing risk of oppressive heatwaves over India in the future warming

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sudharsan, Naveen Singh, Jitendra Ghosh, Subimal Karmakar, Subhankar Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India Centre for Urban Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Maharashtra Bombay India

The frequency of heatwave events has been increasing with climate change across the globe, causing devastating impacts on human and natural systems. Particularly, the co-occurrence of high temperature with high humidity has the potential of worse impacts on human health than extreme temperature alone. We use observations to examine the characteristics of extreme (high temperature and low humidity) and oppressive (high temperature and high humidity) heatwaves and their impacts on human mortality. We also use climate model simulations to understand the likelihood of heatwaves under varied warming conditions in future climates. We find an increasing trend in the number of days of extreme and oppressive heatwaves, with surprisingly a higher rate of increase in oppressive heatwaves. We also observe a higher correlation between oppressive heatwaves and historical heat-stress-related human deaths than extreme heatwaves, indicating more substantial impacts of oppressive heatwaves on the human population than extreme heatwaves. Further, our results show a five-fold increase in the number of days of oppressive heatwaves under 1.5°warming in both mid (2035-2065) and end (2070- 2100) of the 21st century, relative to the historical period (1975 to 2005) whereas the number of extreme heatwave days remains relatively constant in mid and end of this century. Remarkably, 2°warming results in an eight-fold and almost two-fold increase in the number of days of oppressive heatwaves by the end of the century relative to the historical period and 1.5°warming conditions. These results suggest that limiting the mean global warming to 1.5°can reduce the likelihood of oppressive and extreme heatwaves by 44% and 25% by the end of the century relative to the 2°warming world. Moreover, the remarkable increase in oppressive heatwave days highlights the elevated risk of heatwaves over densely populated countries and indicates an imminent need for adaptation measures. © 2025, CC BY.

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Study of Aerosol Direct and Indirect Effects and Auto-conversion Processes over the West African Monsoon Region Using a Regional climate Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第2期35卷 182-194页

作者： Zeinab SALAH Ahmed SHALABY Allison L. STEINER Ashraf S. ZAKEY Ritesh GAUTAM Mohamed M. ABDEL WAHAB The Egyptian Meteorological Authority Cairo 11784 Egypt University of Michigan Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Ann Arbor M148109-2143 USA Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering and Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Bombay 400076 India Cairo University Department of Astronomy Space Science and Meteorology Giza 12613 Egypt Environmental Defense Fund Washington DC 20009 USA

This study assesses the direct and indirect effects of natural and anthropogenic aerosols （e.g., black carbon and sulfate） over West and Central Africa during the West African monsoon （WAM） period （June-July-August）. We investigate the impacts of aerosols on the amount of cloudiness, the influences on the precipitation efficiency of clouds, and the associated radiative forcing （direct and indirect）. Our study includes the implementation of three new formulations of auto-conversion parameterization [namely, the Beheng （BH）, Tripoli and Cotton （TC） and Liu and Daum （R6） schemes] in RegCM4.4.1, besides the default model＇s auto-conversion scheme （Kessler）. Among the new schemes, BH reduces the precipitation wet bias by more than 50% over West Africa and achieves a bias reduction of around 25% over Central Africa. Results from detailed sensitivity experiments suggest a significant path forward in terms of addressing the long-standing issue of the characteristic wet bias in RegCM. In terms of aerosol-induced radiative forcing, the impact of the various schemes is found to vary considerably （ranging from -5 to -25 W m-2）.

关键词： aerosol, cloud West African monsoon auto-conversion RegCM

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Recent advancements in heterogeneous cathode catalysts for in-situ hydrogen peroxide synthesis in bio-electro-Fenton process and its application in wastewater treatment: A review

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Journal of Environmental Chemical engineering 2025年第3期13卷

作者： Azhan Ahmad Pawan Kumar Swatantra P. Singh Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS) Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India Centre of Excellence on Membrane Technologies for Desalination Brine Management and Water Recycling (DeSaltM) Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India

Bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) technology has been critically investigated to efficiently remove organics from wastewater in the cathodic chamber using self-producing energy. This can be beneficial for mitigating the energy and water crises. However, for Fenton-mechanism at the cathode, Fe−salts and catalysts were required in either heterogeneous or homogenous form to produce radical species by H 2 O 2 activation. The drawback of homogenous BEF is sludge generation, and extremely low pH is required for operation. Therefore, developing low-cost heterogeneous catalysts that can be recovered and reused, and possess high stability is necessary. Thus, this is the first state-of-the-art review discussing the recent advancements of heterogeneous cathode catalysts for H 2 O 2 synthesis and its application in the BEF process. Hence, the present review highlights the mechanism of H 2 O 2 production in BEF through heterogeneous catalysts. Besides, emphasis was also laid on the noble metal, metallic, bimetallic, carbonaceous, and waste-derived composite catalysts regarding H 2 O 2 yield. The application of different catalysts for organic removal and the economics of the BEF have been elucidated. Lastly, the toxicity of BEF-treated effluent, scale-up challenges, and future research for the commercialization of BEF have also been critically discussed.

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Dynamic Vegetation Parameter Retrieval Algorithm For Smap L-Band Observations

Dynamic Vegetation Parameter Retrieval Algorithm For Smap L-...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Preethi Konkathi L. Karthikeyan Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India

Vegetation optical Depth (VOD) obtained from low-frequency passive microwave radiometers aid in estimation of Vegetation Water Content (VWC) and Above Ground Biomass (AGB) at global scales. Recent studies have focused on simultaneous retrieval of soil moisture and VOD while using temporally constant model parameterizations (single scattering albedo-ω which represents vegetation scattering effects; surface roughness-h which accounts for soil surface undulations). In the case of VOD retrievals, the assumption of temporally constant model parameterizations may lead to improper representation of vegetation dynamics given the strong association between ω and VOD in Radiative Transfer Models (RTMs). In this study, we attempt to retrieve temporally varying VOD and ω along with temporally constant h parameter while inputting soil moisture using L-band Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level-3 Product. We used the Two-Stream emission model, a first-order RTM that accounts for multiple scattering and reflections within an RTM. The retrieved VOD and ω are compared with optical vegetation indices and SMAP baseline VOD product (regularized DCA- regularized Dual Channel Algorithm). The lagged relationship of retrieved VOD and SMAP VOD with optical indices is also determined. We conducted sensitivity analysis to determine the effect of ω dynamics while retrieving VOD. We observed a large error in VOD retrievals while changing ω especially over low to moderate vegetated regions where vegetation phenology is subjected to greater variability. We found the retrieved VOD estimates to outperform the SMAP VOD in terms of correlation (R). The retrieval of dynamic ω helped to resolve errors in VOD, resulting in good correspondence with vegetation growth patterns compared to SMAP baseline VOD retrievals.

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Study of bioaerosol disinfection kinetics and application of nonlinear regression modeling for optimization of TiO2-based photocatalytic disinfection process

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Nanotechnology for Environmental engineering 2023年第4期8卷 911-922页

作者： Nishad, Vartika Mandal, Chinmoy Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 507 Powai Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

Bacteria and viruses are some of the major sources of indoor air pollution. Many strategies are utilized to control indoor biopollutants. Among the new emerging technologies, this work focuses on the photocatalytic oxidation process and application of disinfection models to optimize the photocatalytic process in bioaerosol control. The kinetics of bioaerosol disinfection was investigated in the photocatalytic process with nonlinear regression analysis for Serratia marcescens and E. coli bacteria. The Chick–Watson model was found suitable and was applied for determination of the inactivation kinetics. The inactivation rate constant k’ was found to be 0.0038 min−1 for S. marcescens and 0.09 min−1 for E. coli. The outcomes showed that in the process of disinfection kinetics of bioaerosols, pseudo-first-order kinetics fits well. With nonlinear regression analysis, a model was developed based on functional parameters such as UV intensity (20 to 100 W/m2), relative humidity (30 to 85%) and air velocity (37 to 112 ft/min) for S. marcescens and TiO2 loading (960 and 1516 mg/m2), UV intensity (0.5 to 3.4 mW/cm2) and relative humidity (51 to 85%) for E. coli. For E. coli overall inactivation was found to increase with an increase in TiO2 loading, RH or UV intensities. The inactivation rate of S. marcescens increased with an increase in UV intensity;however, it was found to decrease at very high or low values of relative humidity and air velocity. Hence, the optimum values for relative velocity were found to be 50% and air velocity of 74 ft/min for S. marcescens. The rate expressions derived for both data can be utilized for predicting and optimizing the disinfection rate at different conditions. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Impact of spatial distribution of light intensity on disinfection kinetics of Mycobacterium smegmatis and E. coli using TiO2-based photocatalyst

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Nanotechnology for Environmental engineering 2023年第2期8卷 567-579页

作者： Mandal, Chinmoy Nishad, Vartika Sahu, Manoranjan 507 Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

Photocatalysis using various nanomaterials of different characteristics has been investigated with various metrics for achieving optimal efficiency. However, the spatial distribution of light intensities from the light source, a key factor in photocatalysis process and the selection of an appropriate kinetic model for explaining disinfection characteristics of different microorganisms have not been given ample consideration. In this study, a suitable model has been applied to identify spatial distribution of light based on the light source used and applied in the kinetic models to identify the disinfection rate. Disinfection efficiencies of nanoparticles (TiO2 and Cu-doped TiO2) with different light intensities on gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis and gram-negative bacteria E. coli was evaluated. The kinetic study revealed that Mycobacterium smegmatis fits well with Chick–Watson model, while E. coli fits well with delayed Chick–Watson model. The rate constants (k) were found to be 0.013 min−1 (TiO2), 0.021 min−1 (3%Cu–TiO2) and 0.020 min−1 (Cu2+) for Mycobacterium and 0.019 min−1 (TiO2) for E. coli. From model evaluation, light intensity decreased exponentially from 3.07 µW cm−2 (3 cm) to 0.98 µW cm−2 (6 cm) and 0.10 µW cm−2 (25 cm) resulting in a sharp decline in the inactivation potential;however, the effect was insignificant beyond 10 cm. On doubling the intensity, disinfection efficiency increased by 1.6 log CFUml−1 (TiO2) and 2.4 log CFU ml−1 (Cu–TiO2), but with one-fourth of intensity it decreased by 1.2 log CFUml−1 (TiO2) and 1.8 log CFUml−1 (Cu–TiO2). Therefore, by optimizing the combination of nanoparticles like TiO2 and Cu, light intensity at 6.14 µW cm−2 and optimal spatial distribution of the light source at 3 cm, increased efficiency of microbial disinfection could be achieved. Thus, this study provides an approach to optimize photocatalytic parameters with inclusion of spatial distribution of light intensity for enhancing the photocatalyt

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Flood Modelling for an Urban Indian Catchment: Challenges and Way Forward

Flood Modelling for an Urban Indian Catchment: Challenges an...

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Virtual Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, VCDRR 2021

作者： Ghosh, Mousumi Karmakar, Subhankar Ghosh, Subimal Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Urban Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811655005

The current study aims to develop a holistic hydrodynamic flood modelling framework for the Mithi catchment of Mumbai city, India, which is subjected to flooding almost every year causing huge losses and inconvenience. A one-dimensional flood model (MIKE 11) which accounts for the river discharge along with stormwater drainage discharge is coupled with a two-dimensional flood model (MIKE 21) which simulates the overland flow in the MIKE FLOOD platform along with the major flood influencers such as rainfall and tidal elevation to develop a three-way coupled flood modelling framework. The flood parameters obtained from this framework are translated into flood inundation maps which account for flood depth and flood hazard maps which account for flood depth along with spatial velocity and can help to identify the potential areas at risk. However, hydrodynamic flood modelling is highly data-intensive and requires good resolution meteorological, hydraulic, and topographical data sets. Therefore, the unavailability of long-term and reliable data sets in developing and underdeveloping countries cause a major hindrance for modelling in such catchments. The current study also adapts alternate robust methods to address the challenge of data scarcity of rainfall, discharge, tidal elevation, and drainage network. The proposed framework and methods are generic and can be incorporated in similar data-scarce urban catchments for effective flood management. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Hydrodynamics

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Development of high-accuracy particle concentration prediction model. An application of remote sensing and machine learning 18

Development of high-accuracy particle concentration predicti...

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18th Healthy Buildings Europe Conference 2023: Beyond Disciplinary Boundaries

作者： Moni, Mufaddal Sahu, Manoranjan Aerosol and Nanoparticle Technology Laboratory Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781713877158

Indoor air is a dominant exposure for humans as more than half of the body’s intake during a lifetime is air inhaled indoors. Most of the buildings in developing nations are openly ventilated, and there is no significant difference between the outside and indoor air. Efforts are being made by authorities to build well-controlled indoor environments. The lack of air pollution monitoring systems is one of the major challenges in identifying high-risk zones where the development of healthy buildings is critical. Ground-based monitoring systems are sparsely distributed in major cities only. Whereas low-cost sensors come with challenges related to calibration, accuracy, and reliability. Satellites provide continuous global coverage with high-resolution AOD data. Though significant work has been done correlating AOD and PM2.5, still the models lack accuracy and transferability. The vertical distribution profile of the aerosols significantly affects the surface level concentration which is not accounted for by the majority of the studies done for AOD-PM2.5 modeling. This study emphasizes the use of high-resolution AOD from CHRISTINE code and aerosol vertical distribution profile, along with meteorological parameters and factors affecting particle size distribution, to develop a step-down methodology for more accurate PM2.5 prediction and transferable a larger geographical range. © Healthy Buildings Europe 2023. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

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Relevance of Carbon Capture & Sequestration in India's Energy Mix to Achieve the Reduction in Emission Intensity by 2030 as per INDCs

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Energy Procedia 2017年 114卷 7492-7503页

作者： A.R. Akash Anand B. Rao Munish K. Chandel Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 Interdisciplinary Program on Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 Centre of Environmental Sciences & Engineering Indian Institutr of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076

Presently about 75% of the total primary energy demand in India is met by the fossil fuels. And as for electricity, coal is the largest source of electricity in India and will continue to be the major component in energy mix even by 2030. India is the 3 rd largest emitter of GHG and the emissions are expected to grow in future. As part of the “Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)”, India has committed to reduce the emission intensity by 33-35% by 2030. The major focus of the mitigation strategy is on improving the energy efficiency and use of renewable sources of energy. The main objective of this work is to understand the potential role of Carbon Capture & Sequestration (CCS) in coal based power sources in order to meet the committed reduction in the emission intensity (INDC) by the year 2030. The analysis has been carried out under several scenarios characterized by assumptions regarding the GDP growth rate, the energy mix and carbon price. The results indicate that India can meet the INDC by 2030 without deploying CCS in the coal power plants under most of the scenarios. CCS may become relevant only under very stringent mitigation targets and substantially high carbon price scenarios. This analysis may provide useful insights in designing a roadmap for the development and deployment of various cleaner energy technologies, including CCS, so as to fulfill the INDCs as well to meet the future carbon mitigation targets.

关键词： GHG CCS Power Energy Emissions INDC

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