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Meeting report:a hard look at the state of enamel research

International Journal of Oral science 2017年第4期9卷 193-199页

作者： ophir d klein olivier duverger wendy shaw rodrigo s lacruz derk joester janet moradian-oldak megan k pugach j timothy wright sarah e millar ashok b kulkarni john d bartlett thomas gh diekwisch pamela den besten james p simmer program in craniofacial biology and department of orofacial sciences university of californiasan franciscoSan FranciscoUSA department of pediatrics and institute for human genetics university of californiasan franciscoSan FranciscoUSA laboratory of skin biology national institute of arthritis and muscular and skin diseasesnational institutes of healthBethesdaUSA physical science division pacific northwest national laboratoriesRichlandUSA department of basic science and craniofacial biology new york university college of dentistryNewYorkUSA department of materials science and engineering northwestern universityevanstonusaEvanstonUSA center for craniofacial molecular biology herman ostrow school of dentistryuniversity of southern californiaLos AngelesUSA the forsyth institute CambridgeUSA department of developmental biology harvard school of dental medicineBostonUSA department of pediatric dentistry university of north caroline school of dentistryChapel HillUSA departments of dermatology and cel&developmental biology perelman school of medicineand department of anatomy&cell biologyschool of dental medicineuniversity of pennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUSA functional genomics section national institute of dental and craniofacial researchBethesdaUSA division of biosciences ohio state universitycollege of dentistryColumbusUSA department of periodontics and center for craniofacial research and diagnosis texas a&m university college of dentistryDallasUSA center for children’s oral health research and department of orofacial sciences university of californiasan franciscoSan FranciscoUSA biologic and materials sciences and division of prosthodontics university of michiganAnn ArborUSA

The Encouraging Novel Amelogenesis Models and Ex vivo cell Lines （ENAMEL） Development workshop was held on 23 June 2017 at the Bethesda headquarters of the National institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research （NIDCR）. Discussion topics included model organisms, stem cells/cell lines, and tissues/3D cell culture/organoids. Scientists from a number of disciplines, representing institutions from across the United States, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of enamel, as well as future directions for the field.

关键词： enamel mineralized tissue mineralization ameloblast stem cell

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Non-Hookean statistical mechanics of clamped graphene ribbons

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Physical Review B 2017年第10期95卷 104109-104109页

作者： Mark J. Bowick Andrej Košmrlj David R. Nelson Rastko Sknepnek Soft Matter Program and Department of Physics Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244 USA Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Santa Barbara California 93106-4030 USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM) Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Physics Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA School of Science and Engineering and School of Life Sciences University of Dundee Dundee DD1 5EH United Kingdom

Thermally fluctuating sheets and ribbons provide an intriguing forum in which to investigate strong violations of Hooke's Law: Large distance elastic parameters are in fact not constant but instead depend on the macroscopic dimensions. Inspired by recent experiments on free-standing graphene cantilevers, we combine the statistical mechanics of thin elastic plates and large-scale numerical simulations to investigate the thermal renormalization of the bending rigidity of graphene ribbons clamped at one end. For ribbons of dimensions W×L (with L≥W), the macroscopic bending rigidity κR determined from cantilever deformations is independent of the width when W<ℓth, where ℓth is a thermal length scale, as expected. When W>ℓth, however, this thermally renormalized bending rigidity begins to systematically increase, in agreement with the scaling theory, although in our simulations we were not quite able to reach the system sizes necessary to determine the fully developed power law dependence on W. When the ribbon length L>ℓp, where ℓp is the W-dependent thermally renormalized ribbon persistence length, we observe a scaling collapse and the beginnings of large scale random walk behavior.

关键词： Graphene

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A continuum poisson-‐boltzmann model for membrane channel proteins

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Xiao, Li Diao, Jianxiong Greene, D'Artagnan Wang, Junmei Luo, Ray Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Chemical and Materials Physics Graduate Program University of California IrvineCA92697 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Pittsburg PittsburghPA15261 United States

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Identification of Antiferromagnetic Domains Via the Optical Magnetoelectric Effect

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Physical Review Letters 2018年第5期121卷 057601-057601页

作者： Vilmos Kocsis Karlo Penc Toomas Rõõm Urmas Nagel Jakub Vít Judit Romhányi Yusuke Tokunaga Yasujiro Taguchi Yoshinori Tokura István Kézsmárki Sándor Bordács RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Lendület Magneto-optical Spectroscopy Research Group 1111 Budapest Hungary Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics Wigner Research Centre for Physics Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest P.O.B. 49 Hungary National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics 12618 Tallinn Estonia Institute of Physics ASCR Na Slovance 2 182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic Faculty of Nuclear Science and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University Břehová 7 115 19 Prague 1 Czech Republic Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna-son Okinawa 904-0395 Japan Department of Advanced Materials Science University of Tokyo Kashiwa 277-8561 Japan Quantum-Phase Electronics Center Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo Hongo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Experimental Physics 5 Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism Institute of Physics University of Augsburg 86159 Augsburg Germany Hungarian Academy of Sciences Premium Postdoctor Program 1051 Budapest Hungary

The ultimate goal of multiferroic research is the development of a new-generation nonvolatile memory devices, where magnetic bits are controlled via electric fields with low energy consumption. Here, we demonstrate the optical identification of magnetoelectric (ME) antiferromagnetic (AFM) domains in the LiCoPO4 exploiting the strong absorption difference between the domains. This unusual contrast, also present in zero magnetic field, is attributed to the dynamic ME effect of the spin-wave excitations, as confirmed by our microscopic model, which also captures the characteristics of the observed static ME effect. The control and the optical readout of AFM/ME domains, demonstrated here, will likely promote the development of ME and spintronic devices based on AFM insulators.

关键词： Magnetoelectric effect Optical & microwave phenomena Multiferroics Single crystal materials Terahertz spectroscopy

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Lattice distortion in the spin-orbital entangled state in RVO3perovskites

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Yan, J.-Q. Tian, W. Cao, H.B. Chi, S. Ye, F. Llobet, A. Chen, Q. Ma, J. Ren, Y. Cheng, J.-G. Zhou, J.-S. McGuire, M.A. McQueeney, R.J. Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States P-23 Neutron Science and Technology Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China X-ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL60439 United States Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Ames Laboratory Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

We report a thorough study of Y0.7La0.3VO3single crystals by measuring magnetic properties, specific heat, thermal conductivity, x-ray and neutron diffraction with the motivation of revealing the lattice response to the spin-orbital entanglement in RVO3. Upon cooling from room temperature, the orbitally disordered paramagnetic state changes around T∗∼220K to spin-orbital entangled state which is then followed by a transition at TN=116K to C-type orbital ordered (OO) and Gtype antiferromagnetic ordered (AF) ground state. In the temperature interval TN6/2octahedra have two comparable in-plane V-O bonds which are longer than the out-of-plane V-O1 bond. This local structural distortion supports the spin-orbital entanglement of partially filled and degenerate yz/zx orbitals. However, this distortion is incompatible with the steric octahedral site distortion intrinsic to orthorhombic perovskites. Their competition induces a second order transition from the spin-orbital entangled state to C-OO/G-AF ground state where the long range OO suppresses the spin-orbital entanglement. Our analysis suggests that the spin-orbital entangled state and G-OO are comparable in energy and compete with each other. Rare earth site disorder favors the spin-orbital entanglement rather than a cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion. The results also indicate for LaVO3a C-OO/G-AF state in Tt≤T≤TNand an orbital ipping transition at Tt. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ground state

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Adaptive Soft Robots: Soft Ultrathin Electronics Innervated Adaptive Fully Soft Robots (Adv. Mater. 13/2018)

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Advanced materials 2018年第13期30卷

作者： Chengjun Wang Kyoseung Sim Jin Chen Hojin Kim Zhoulyu Rao Yuhang Li Weiqiu Chen Jizhou Song Rafael Verduzco Cunjiang Yu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA Department of Engineering Mechanics and Soft Matter Research Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA Institute of Solid Mechanics Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Materials Sciences and Nano Engineering Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA

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Polymer Brushes: Polymer Brushes on Hexagonal Boron Nitride (Small 19/2019)

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Small 2019年第19期15卷

作者： Wenbo Sheng Ihsan Amin Christof Neumann Renhao Dong Tao Zhang Erik Wegener Wei-Liang Chen Paul Förster Hai Quang Tran Markus Löffler Andreas Winter Raul D. Rodriguez Ehrenfried Zschech Christopher K. Ober Xinliang Feng Andrey Turchanin Rainer Jordan Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany Junior Research Group Biosensing Surfaces Leibniz Insitute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP) Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2 17489 Greifswald Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University 310 Bard Hall Ithaca NY 14853 USA Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Lessingstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany Chair of Molecular Functional Materials School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University 120 Olin Hall Ithaca NY 14853 USA Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED) Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstr. 18 01187 Dresden Germany Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences Tomsk Polytechnic University 30 Lenin Ave 634050 Tomsk Russia Department Head Microelectronic Materials and Nanoanalysis Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Maria Reiche Str. 2 01099 Dresden Germany

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Metasurface polarization splitter

Metasurface polarization splitter

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作者： Slovick, Brian A. Zhou, You Yu, Zhi Gang Kravchenko, Ivan I. Briggs, Dayrl P. Moitra, Parikshit Krishnamurthy, Srini Valentine, Jason Applied Optics Laboratory SRI International Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37212 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37212 United States Institute for Shock Physics Washington State University PullmanWA99164 United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Optoelectronics Research Centre University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom

Polarization beam splitters, devices that separate the two orthogonal polarizations of light into different propagation directions, are among the most ubiquitous optical elements. However, traditionally polarization splitters rely on bulky optical materials, while emerging optoelectronic and photonic circuits require compact, chip-scale polarization splitters. Here, we show that a rectangular lattice of cylindrical silicon Mie resonators functions as a polarization splitter, efficiently reflecting one polarization while transmitting the other. We show that the polarization splitting arises from the anisotropic permittivity and permeability of the metasurface due to the twofold rotational symmetry of the rectangular unit cell. The high polarization efficiency, low loss and low profile make these metasurface polarization splitters ideally suited for monolithic integration with optoelectronic and photonic circuits. This article is part of the themed issue 'New horizons for nanophotonics'. © 2017 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polarization

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Nanophotonic Devices: Resonance‐Enhanced Absorption in Hollow Nanoshell Spheres with Omnidirectional Detection and High Responsivity and Speed (Adv. Mater. 34/2018)

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Advanced materials 2018年第34期30卷

作者： Der‐Hsien Lien Zhenghong Dong Jose Ramon Duran Retamal Hsin‐Ping Wang Tzu‐Chiao Wei Dan Wang Jr‐Hau He Yi Cui Electrical Engineering Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 353 Beijing 100190 China Centre for Clean Environment and Energy Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland 4222 Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA

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Interactions of fungi with concrete: Significant importance for bio-based self-healing concrete

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Luo, Jing Chen, Xiaobo Crump, Jada Zhou, Hui Davies, David G. Zhou, Guangwen Zhang, Ning Jin, Congrui Department of Plant Biology Rutgers University New BrunswickNJ08901 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Binghamton University NY13902 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Binghamton University NY13902 United States Department of Biological Sciences Binghamton University NY13902 United States Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rutgers University New BrunswickNJ08901 United States

The goal of this study is to explore a new self-healing concept in which fungi are used as a self-healing agent to promote calcium mineral precipitation to fill the cracks in concrete. An initial screening of different species of fungi has been conducted. Fungal growth medium was overlaid onto cured concrete plate. Mycelial discs were aseptically deposited at the plate center. The results showed that, due to the dissolving of Ca(OH)2 from concrete, the pH of the growth medium increased from its original value of 6.5 to 13.0. Despite the drastic pH increase, Trichoderma reesei (ATCC13631) spores germinated into hyphal mycelium and grew equally well with or without concrete. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed that the crystals precipitated on the fungal hyphae were composed of calcite. These results indicate that T. reesei has great potential to be used in bio-based self-healing concrete for sustainable infrastructure. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fungi

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