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作者： Elsner, M.P. Muslera, E. Alonso Angelov, I. Fernaśndez Menéndez, D. Lorenz, H. Polenske, D. Vollmer, U. Raisch, J. Seidel-Morgenstern, A. Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Physical and Chemical Foundations of Process Engineering Sandtorstr. 1 39106 Magdeburg Germany Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Systems and Control Theory Group Sandtorstr. 1 39106 Magdeburg Germany Otto von Guericke University Department of Chemical Engineering Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany Otto von Guericke University Department of System Theory of Process Engineering PO Box 4120 39106 Magdeburg Germany

The intention of this paper is the analysis of general concepts for preferential crystallisation with the focus on aspects of quantification. In this preliminary examination, the amino acid threonine was used as a model system. The use of on-line polarimetry in combination with on-line densimetry as well as microscopic investigation enables to obtain some indispensable information about the crystallisation kinetics. Taking these estimated values into consideration a simplified mathematical description as a first approach including a population balance model was established for the simulation of the time changes of liquid phase composition during the preferential crystallisation process. Based on this simplified model different crystalliser configurations were investtigated.

关键词： Crystallization

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Recapitalizing the Navy through optimized manning and improved reliability

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 61-72页

作者： Anderson, DE Malone, TB Baker, CC Mr. David E. Anderson:is a Navel Engineer with the Naval Sea Systems Command where he is currently assigmd to the HumanSystems Integration branch. Mr Anderson has a Bachelor of Science degree an Environmental Engineering from Flurida Technological University and a Master's in Environmental Engiwering from the University of Central Flurida. He currentEy is an HSI manager for a number oflvay R&D and skig acquisition efforts. Dr. Thomas B. Malone:received a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is President of Carlow International Incorporated an organization dedicated to human factors research and development with emphasis an mantime systems. He has directed over 350 programs and projects in his 33 year career and is responsible for overall management of all contract programs within the Corporation. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and E r g m i c s Society (HFES) of which he is a Fellow. He is also a Fellow of the Washington Academy of Sciences He was selected as a member of the N A S Space Sciences Technical Advisuiy Committee on Technoloo Requirements for Human Performance on Long Duration Space Missions in 2989 and 90. He was elected as the First Chair of the Systems Development Technical Group of the HFES. Dr Malone is currently managing eflorts to devehp and auto- mate standardized processes for canducting human systems integration (HSI) in the military weapon systems acquisition process and fov developing automated tools to facilitate fledormance of specific steps in the HSI process. Dr Malone also is currently occupied in applying human engineering to the DD 21 and is serving as the Chair ofthe System ManninglHuman Perfomzance Working IPT under the DD 21 ManninglHSI IPT chaired ty PMS 500M. Mr. Clifford Baker:has over 20 years experience in developing and applying human factors technology to complex systems. He holds a masters degree in psychology with a specialization in human factors engineering and he is a Board Certified Human Factors Engineering Profesional

Reduced manning is the process (and the result) of removing human functions from a system while retaining or improving system operability and effectiveness. Reliability and maintainability characterize a system's operability and effectiveness. Reduced manning impacts system reliability by changing the characteristics of (1) human error associated with system operation and maintenance, (2) time to repair failed components, and (3) mean-time-between-failures (MBTF) in a reduced manning environment. Simply reducing manning without compensating for system dependence on human involvement generally has a negative impact on system maintainability. Methods to address this include (1) human-system integration design of maintenance interfaces and (2) design of operations activities that are closely related to device failures. After demonstrating reliable performance through testing and operation, ship commanders can be assured that fewer people can effectively operate and maintain Navy ships and systems.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Robust Classification of "Artificial Nose" Sensor Data by Artificial Neural Networks

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1997年第9期30卷 347-351页

作者： Z. Boger L. Ratton T.A. Kunt T.J. Mc Avoy R.E. Cavicchi S. Semancik Consultant Intelligent Process Control Systems PO Box 15053 Be’er-Sheva 84003 Israel Institute for System Research Department of Chemical Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899

Response data from a novel micro-hotplate gas sensor were used to test a robust classification technique based on an artificial neural network. Four different compounds were identified even when the sensor signal was corrupted by high levels of noise and drift. Additional verification rules in doubtful cases were provided by examining unique binary patterns of outputs of the hidden layer neurons. Similarities to proposed models of the human nose are noted.

关键词： Micro-hotplate gas sensors Artificial neural networks Classification rules Artificial nose

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Steady‐state security evaluation of electrical power systems by means of artificial neural network

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1995年第2期5卷 91-97页

作者： Chiodo, E. Menniti, D. Testa, A. Picardi, C. Elio Chiodo (1959) received the degree in Electronics Engineering in 1985 and the Ph.D. degree in Computational Statistics both from the University of Naplefltaly. He is a Researcher at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Naples and a member of the Italian Statistical Society. His areas of interest include probabilistic methods applied to electric power systems analysis. (University of Naples Fedrrico 11. Electrical Engineering Dept.via Claudio 21 1-80125 Naplefltaly T +3981/7683226 Fax+3981/2396897) Daniele Menniti (1958) received the degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Calabria. Cosenzataly and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of NapleslItaly in 1984 and 1989 respectively. He is a researcher at the Electronic. Computer and Systems Science Department of the University of Calabria. Italy. Hiscurrent research interests concern electric power system analysis real-time control and automation. (University of Calabria Electronic Computer and Systems Science Dep. Arcavacataji Rende (CS). 1-87036 CosenzdItaly T +39984/494707. Fax +39984/4947 13) Alfredo Testa (1950) received the degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Naples/Italy in 1975. He is an Associate Professor in Electrical Power Systems at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Naples. He is engaged in researches on electrical power systems reliability and harmonic analysis. (University of Naples Federico 11. Electrical Engineering Dep. via Claudio '2 1 1-80 I25 NapleslItaly T + 39 8 I/7 68 3'2 11. Fax+3981/2396897) Ciro Picardi (1949) received the degree in Electronics Engineering from the University of Naples/Italy in 1975. He is currently Associate Professor in Process Control at the Department of Electronic Computer and System Science of the University of Calabria. Italy. His current research interests are in the area of electrical drives robotics neural networks and fuzzy control. (University of Calabria Electronic. Compu

An artificial‐neural‐network (ANN) application for steady‐state security evaluation of electrical power systems is presented. Such application is based upon a combined use of a multilayer back‐propagation neural network and of an opportune electrical system model, previously proposed by some of the authors. In the paper, the definition of steady‐state security and the problems arising from its on‐line evaluation are briefly recalled. Then, the ANN utilized is described with particular reference to the solutions adopted by the authors. Afterwards, some remarks on the system model utilized are reported. Finally, numerical applications on the AEP‐14 bus system are presented and the results obtained with different ANN configurations are analyzed. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS FOR MEASUREMENT systems WITH UNIFORM AND NORMAL ERRORS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第1期105卷 66-69页

作者： SNOW, JM STUCKMAN, BE USHER, JS Jeffrey M. Snow:received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Washington in 1977. He has worked at Boeing Commercial Aircraft Company and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. Since 1985 he has been at Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division (NSWCC). From 1987 to 1990 he was in charge of quality assurance configuration management and reliability for Aegis (SPY-1 and Mk-99) microwave tubes. He currently is in the Radar System Branch at NSWCC. He is a member of ASQC and ASME. His areas of interest include the use of statistics in process improvement efforts and objectively rating and rewarding suppliers for better quality. Bruce E. Stuckman:holds a Ph.D. degree in systems engineering from Oakland University where he also obtained M.S. and B.S. degrees in electrical and computer engineering. In 1992 Dr. Stuckman obtained his J.D. from the University of Louisville where he graduated cum laude. He is currently an associate in the patent and computer law department of Brooks & Kushman a law firm specializing in intellectual property and technology related causes. Prior to this he was an associate professor of both electrical engineering at the University of Louisville and a member of the Research Advisory Board of the South Central Bell Telecommunications Research Center. Dr. Stuckman is the author of over 75 published works in a variety of research areas including global optimization algorithms control systems communication and telecommunication systems and instrumentation electronics. He has served as a technical consultant to such organizations as Control Data Corporation General Electric General Motors Research Laboratories Gulf & Western AT&T Bell Laboratories ARCO Research and Technical Services and the U.S. Government and has been a frequent lecturer at national and international symposia. He is a senior member of IEEE and a member of ASNE Eta Kappa Nu Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi and Phi Kappa Phi. John S. Usher Ph.D. P.E.:is an assistant professor of industrial engineering

Accuracy requirements are usually determined as a percentage of the specification range of the measured part or process. Setting accuracy requirements in this manner results in a wide and unpredictable range of false rejection and acceptance probabilities. This causes extra costs due to either: 1) over specification of measurement systems accuracy requirements;2) time, effort, retesting, and resolution of false rejections;or 3) system degradation caused by false acceptance of out-of-specification parts. Achieving a consistent and known risk of false acceptance is only possible by considering the measured process C(pk), the process's mean in relation to the center of the specification range, and the measurement system error distribution. This paper presents a method for calculating the probabilities of false rejection and false acceptance for a normal process which is measured with, alternately, uniform and normally distributed error. It is shown that under most conditions uniform error causes 20% to 30% higher false rejection and acceptance probabilities. Thus, knowledge of measurement error distribution could provide lower total production cost.

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Interactive power system data preparation and verification using a pc‐editor

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1991年第3期1卷 149-152页

作者： Linke, K. Rumpel, D. Dip1.-Ing. Klaus Linke (1939) VDEis the director of the department "load dispatching and network operation" of Vereinigte Elektrizitatswerke Westfalen AG (VEW). DortmundGermany. After the study of electrical engineering at the Technical University of KarlsruhdGermany he started his professional career in an engineering-concern where he was responsible among others for investigations concerning the installation of process-computers in chemical plants. In 1968 he changed to VEW. Here in 1984 he took over his present position in which he is mainly engaged with the tasks of the management of the HV and EHV network and the power system control together with the problems concerning network automation incident to it. (Vereinigte Elektrizitatswerke Westfalen AG Hauptverwaltung Rheinlanddamm 24 W-4600 Dortmund 1 T +49 23 114 38-42 41) Dr.-Ing. Dieter Rumpel (1932) VDE is full professor and since 1978 head of the Power Systems Institute of Duisburg University Germany. He got his DiplAng. degree from the Technical University Munich and his Dr.-Ing. degree from the Technical University Berlin. Before his call to Duisburg he worked at Siemens AG for 23 years. (Universiiit-GHDuisburg Fachbereich Elektrotechnik PF 10 15 03 W-4100 Duisburg T 4 9 20 313 79-34 37)

For computerized power system operation, all objects of the network must be mapped in a data‐model. For this task, the „Grid Data Language” (GDL) does not apply format‐bound source data, but describes the objects using a format‐free source text. To handle such texts, an editing‐ and verification‐system was implemented. This paper reports its application when describing an extra‐high voltage network for use in a training simulator. In that way, the full content of a dispatcher EHV data‐model could be converted to GDL, requiring a work of 15 to 20 man‐days. Copyright © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A COMPUTER-MODEL FOR DAMAGE TOLERANCE ANALYSIS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第5期100卷 59-68页

作者： FAIRHEAD, DL COHEN, SL Steven L. Cohen:heads the Survivability and Damage Control Office at the David Taylor Research Center. His career has addressed a wide range of technical and management responsibilities in the areas of HM&E systems design magnetic signatures system safety of surface ships and submarines shipboard energy conservation RDT&E (future fleet) life cycle costing survivability damage control CBR defense and management information systems. He has participated in all phases of the ship design process from conceptual design through ship construction operational evaluation and overhaul/modernization. Mr. Cohen is a graduate of Drexel University where he majored in electrical engineering and has more recently taken courses in the fields of systems engineering program management costing and microcomputer-based information and decision support systems.

A computer model is being developed by the David Taylor Research Center (DTRC) to analyze the tolerance of surface ship combat systems to combat-induced and self-inflicted damage. The work is being done in support of the Navy's hull, mechanical and electrical design effort to improve the survivability of surface ship combat systems. The DDG-51 Detailed Design Specifications (Section 072f) and the General Specifications for Ships of the U.S. Navy (1986 Section 072e) both require that damage tolerance analyses be performed. A damage tolerance analysis shows the effect of damage on vital auxiliary and electrical systems and relates these damage effects to the capability of the ship to continue performing its combat mission at a prescribed level. Designated the Computer Aided Design of Survivable Distributed systems (CADSDiS) model, DTRC's deterministic analytical tool consists of portable software to be used by personnel at the activity responsible for the ship design. The model's graphics electrical module is now operating on Digital Equipment Corporation VAX computers at several Navy and commercial activities. Because CADSDiS is highly interactive, it becomes an integral part of the design cycle; this is its major benefit. Thus, damage tolerance analysis information is available to personnel designing the ship within hours or days rather than weeks or months. This computer model will help ensure that the survivability principles of separation and redundancy are incorporated into ship design and are realized in the ship as built.

关键词： Warships

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MPCS - THE MANUFACTURING process-control system

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1986年第4期65卷 35-45页

作者： DUNIETZ, IS HSU, JLC MCEACHERN, MT STOCKING, JH SWARTZ, MA TROMBLY, RM The authors Irwin S. Dunietz John L.C. Hsu Michael T. McEachern James H. Stocking Mark A. Swartz andRodney M. Tromblyare responsible for design and development of the Manufacturing Process Control System. Mr. Dunietz joined AT&T in 1980. He is a member of the technical staff in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at AT&T Engineering Research Center Princeton New Jersey. He received an A.B. in mathematics from Cornell University and an M.S.E. in computer science from Princeton University. Mr. Hsu who joined AT&T in 1970 is a department head in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Missouri. Mr. McEachern joined AT&T in 1962 and is a supervisor in the 5ESS™ Line Unit Manufacturing department at AT&T Technologies in Oklahoma City Oklahoma. He is responsible for the manufacturing process control center in Oklahoma City which provides computerized support for all circuit pack manufacturing. Mr. Stocking who joined AT&T in 1975 is a supervisor in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received a B.S. in chemical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of California Berkeley. Mr. Swartz joined AT&T in 1980 and is a member of the technical staff in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received an A.B. in computer science from Cornell University and an M.S. in computer science from Rutgers—The State University. Mr. Trombly who joined AT&T in 19 78 is an assistant manager at the AT&T Merrimack Valley Works in Massachusetts. Previously he was a supervisor at the Engineering Research Center. He holds a B.S. in computers and systems engineering and an M.S.E.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

The central challenge of all manufacturing is making products to the right standards and delivering them at the right time. AT&T is upgrading its corporate and factory resource planning systems to improve control of day-to-day manufacturing. The Manufacturing process control system (MPCS), developed at the AT&T engineering Research Center (ERC), provides this support. MPCS connects the shop floor with production scheduling, accounting, product data archive, and engineering support systems.

关键词： PRODUCTION control

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AN OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF THE NAVSEA HUMAN-FACTORS engineering PROGRAM IN SHIP DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第4期95卷 139-152页

作者： STEIN, NI BENEL, RA MALONE, TB Mr. Norman I. Stein:received his degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa in 1943. MK Stein began his career with the Bureau of Ships Department of the Navy. After his military service with the Army of Occupation in Japan he has held positions with the Corps of Engineering Atomic Energy Commission Walter Reed Army General Hospital and the Protective Structures Development Center Department of the Army. He returned to the Naval Sea Systems Command in 1967 and is currently with the Manning and Controls Integration Branch SEA 55 W16. Mr. Stein is a registered professional engineer in New York state and also is a certified fallout shelter analyst with the Department of the Army. He has authored a comprehensive study on air distribution studies in multi-room shelters presentedpapers on human factors engineering to the Association of Scientists and Engineers and recently contributed a chapter on human factors engineering which will be incorporated in the proposed Naval Sea Systems Handbook on Surface Ship Design. Russell A. Benel:received his Ph. D. in engineering psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is currently a Senior Research Scientist with Essex Corporation where he is the manager of the Man-Machine Systems Department. He has been responsible f o r scientific studies associated with the Human Factors Engineering f o r ships program under contract to the Naval Sea Systems Command specifically the development application and validation of human factors engineering technology f o r surface ship systems such as aircraft launch and recovery propulsion engineering combat direction weapons and total ship systems. He is currently providing Human Factors Engineering Support on the DDG-51. His other activities include a variety of research development test and evaluation activities for military systems. He had been with the Crew Performance Branch of the Crew Technology Division at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine as a National Research Council Postd

This paper provides a context within which the role of human factors engineering (HFE) for Naval ship design may be understood. HFE is defined and its history as part of engineering design teams is traced. The role of HFE in ship systems design is defined, and the HFE Technology for Ships Program, managed by SEA 061R, is described. The rationale for inclusion of HFE in the design process is presented, the methodology whereby it is incorporated into the design process is detailed, methodology to assess the application of HFE is outlined, and the benefits that will accrue as a result of inclusion of HFE considerations in the design process are documented. The counterpoint to inclusion is illustrated through instances of design-induced human errors. A specific application of HFE in the acquisition process is illustrated through use of the Landing Craft, Air Cushion HFE program plan. The difficulties which may be encountered as the size of the target system expands are described. Potential roadblocks to the required incorporation of HFE are examined for their source and possible ameliorative steps.

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THE AUTOMATIC DATA LINK PLOTTING system (ADLIPS)

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Naval Engineers Journal 1979年第2期91卷 185-191页

作者： CARRUTHERS, JAMES F. CANADIAN FORCES Cdr. James F. Carruthers is a native of Drumheller Alberta Canada. He joined the Royal Canadian Navy in 1961 and attended the Royal Roads Military College from 1961 to 1963 receiving his BE degree in Electrical Engineering. Following Pre-Fleet Training he was assigned to HMCS Gatineau for watchkeeping and engineering training. Work on the prototype AN/SQS-505 Sonar. ASROC Missile System and the prototype ASW Data System (ASWDS) followed including shipboard installation and evaluation of the system in HMCS Terra Nova during which time he was the “guinea pig” Combat Systems Engineer. Later during the construction phase of the Canadian Navy's Combined Support Center he acted as Principal Engineer subsequently returning to graduate studies at the Nova Scotia Technical College in 1971 from which he received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering designing and building a computer intended for ship machinery health monitoring in the process. Posted to Headquarters in 1974 he served as Project Officer for a mini command and control system known as ADLIPS his additional interests being that of originating plasma and digital television developments. It was during this period that the SHINPADS concept was first put forward and following a year at the Canadian Forces Command and Staff College he was promoted to his present rank in 1977 and posted as Head of the Naval Command and Control Design Authority (DCMS 7). Cdr. Carruthers is a registered Professional Engineer (Ontario) and as an author has had several technical papers published on digital design machinery health monitoring and the SHINPADS concept. At the present time he is Assistant Director Maritime Combat Systems at the National Defense Headquarters in Ottawa where his current responsibilities include all aspects of C2systems. A member of ASNE since February 1978 he is also a member of IEEE U.S. Naval Institute and the IEEE Computer Society.

The Automatic Date Link Plotting system (ADLIPS) about to enter production in Canada might be described as a “poor man's NTDS.” It has been designed to operate actively on both Link 11 and Link 14, integrate current ship sensors, control weapon designation, and to provide synthetic and raw radar pictures to the command. Displays include three‐man, 22‐inch, horizontally mounted CRTs, remote plasmas for applications such as the Bridge and EW Office, and a hard copy plotter. One of the design objectives of ADLIPS was to avoid inventing anything. The displays, computer, bulk storage, et cetera, were all chosen from “off‐the‐shelf” equipments. The production version will incorporate standard USN equipments in the form of the AN/UYK‐20 minicomputer and AN/USH‐26 cartridge magnetic tape. The only “new” elements are some unique interface cards and the computer software. The prototype received in excess of one year's evaluation in a land based test site followed by a year's operation at sea. Over two years of failure free operation demonstrated the viability of the concept, with the result that a program is underway to outfit all Canadian Navy surface warships. Due to its modularity, capability, and low cost ADLIPS is considered to be a prime candidate for fitment in a variety of NATO and Allied Navies. © 1979 American Society of Naval Engineers

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