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Efficient Handling of Lock Hand-off in DSM Multiprocessors with Buffering Coherence Controllers

Journal of computer science & Technology 2012年第1期27卷 75-91页

作者： Benjamín Sahelices Agustín de Dios Pablo Ibáez Víctor Vials-Yúfera José María Llabería Computer Science Department and HiPEAC European Network of Excellence University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain Computer Science and Systems Engineering Department I3A Research Institute and HiPEAC European Network of Excellence University of Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain Computer Architecture Department and HiPEAC European Network of Excellence Polytechnic University of Catalua Barcelona Spain

Synchronization in parallel programs is a major performance bottleneck in multiprocessor systems. Shared data is protected by locks and a lot of time is spent on the competition arising at the lock hand-off. In order to be serialized, requests to the same cache line can either be bounced （NACKed） or buffered in the coherence controller. In this paper, we focus mainly on systems whose coherence controllers buffer requests. In a lock hand-off, a burst of requests to the same line arrive at the coherence controller. During lock hand-off only the requests from the winning processor contribute to progress of the computation, since the winning processor is the only one that will advance the work. This key observation leads us to propose a hardware mechanism we call request bypassing, which allows requests from the winning processor to bypass the requests buffered in the coherence controller keeping the lock line. We present an inexpensive implementation of request bypassing that reduces the time spent on all the execution phases of a critical section （acquiring the lock, accessing shared data, and releasing the lock） and which, as a consequence, speeds up the whole parallel computation. This mechanism requires neither compiler or programmer support nor ISA or coherence protocol changes. By simulating a 32-processor system, we show that using request bypassing does not degrade but rather improves performance in three applications with low synchronization rates, while in those having a large amount of synchronization activity （the remaining four）, we see reductions in execution time and in lock stall time ranging from 14% to 39% and from 52% to 7170, respectively. We compare request bypassing with a previously proposed technique called read combining and with a system that bounces requests, observing a significantly lower execution time with the bypassing scheme. Finally, we analyze the sensitivity of our results to some key hardware and software parameters.

关键词： distributed shared memory multiprocessors synchronization buffer coherence controller request bypass

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A Dependability Model for TMR System

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2012年第3期9卷 315-324页

作者： Peng, Jun-Jie Liu, Yan-Ping Chen, Yuan-Yuan School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Much research has been done on the dependability evaluation of computer systems. However, much of this is gone no further than study of the fault coverage of such systems, with little focus on the relationship between fault coverage and overall system dependability. In this paper, a Markovian dependability model for triple-modular-redundancy (TMR) system is presented. Having fully considered the effects of fault coverage, working time, and constant failure rate of single module on the dependability of the target TMR system, the model is built based on the stepwise degradation strategy. Through the model, the relationship between the fault coverage and the dependability of the system is determined. What is more, the dependability of the system can be dynamically and precisely predicted at any given time with the fault coverage set. This will be of much benefit for the dependability evaluation and improvement, and be helpful for the system design and maintenance.

关键词： Dependability Markovian model coverage triple-modular-redundancy (TMR) failure rate.

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Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp Collisions at s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments

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Physical Review Letters 2015年第19期114卷 191803-191803页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah O. Abdinov R. Aben M. Abolins O. S. AbouZeid H. Abramowicz H. Abreu R. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B. S. Acharya L. Adamczyk D. L. Adams J. Adelman S. Adomeit T. Adye A. A. Affolder T. Agatonovic-Jovin J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra S. P. Ahlen F. Ahmadov G. Aielli H. Akerstedt T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov G. L. Alberghi J. Albert S. Albrand M. J. Alconada Verzini M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa G. Alexander T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob G. Alimonti L. Alio J. Alison S. P. Alkire B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport A. Aloisio A. Alonso F. Alonso C. Alpigiani A. Altheimer B. Alvarez Gonzalez D. Álvarez Piqueras M. G. Alviggi B. T. Amadio K. Amako Y. Amaral Coutinho C. Amelung D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos A. Amorim S. Amoroso N. Amram G. Amundsen C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders J. K. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei S. Angelidakis I. Angelozzi P. Anger A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi A. V. Anisenkov N. Anjos A. Annovi M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli M. Aoki L. Aperio Bella G. Arabidze Y. Arai J. P. Araque A. T. H. Arce F. A. Arduh J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez V. Arnal H. Arnold M. Arratia O. Arslan A. Artamonov G. Artoni S. Asai N. Asbah A. Ashkenazi B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan R. Astalos M. Atkinson N. B. Atlay B. Auerbach K. Augsten M. Aurousseau G. Avolio B. Axen M. K. Ayoub G. Azuelos M. A. Baak A. E. Baas C. Bacci H. Bachacou K. Bachas M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagiacchi P. Bagnaia Y. Bai T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker P. Balek T. Balestri F. Balli E. Banas Sw. Banerjee A. A. E. Bannoura H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow S. L. Barnes B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett Z. Barnovska A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton P. Bartos A. Bassalat A. Basye R. L. Bates S. J. Batista J. R. Batley M. Battaglia M. Bauce F. Bauer H. S. Bawa J. B. Beach CPPM Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion: Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel CERN Geneva Switzerland Department of Physics Stockholm University Sweden The Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm Sweden INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Oliver Lodge Laboratory University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom Institute of Physics University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas-LIP Lisboa Portugal Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada (Spain) Portugal Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research JINR Dubna Dubna Russia INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Roma Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma Tor Vergata Roma Italy Fysiska institutionen Lunds universitet Lund Sweden International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Depart

A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented based on the combined data samples of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC in the H→γγ and H→ZZ→4ℓ decay channels. The results are obtained from a simultaneous fit to the reconstructed invariant mass peaks in the two channels and for the two experiments. The measured masses from the individual channels and the two experiments are found to be consistent among themselves. The combined measured mass of the Higgs boson is mH=125.09±0.21 (stat)±0.11 (syst) GeV.

关键词： HIGGS bosons RESEARCH COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) ATLAS (computer program language) REST mass (Relativity) BOSONS

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An intelligent active alert application on handheld devices for emergency evacuation guidance

An intelligent active alert application on handheld devices ...

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International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks, ICUFN

作者： Chung-Chuo Wu Kun-Ming Yu Shao-Ting Chine Shao-Tsai Cheng Yuan-Shao Huang Ming-Yuan Lei Jiann-Horng Lin Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chung Hua University HSinchu Taiwan Department of Construction Management Chung Hua University HSinchu Taiwan Ministry of the Interior Architecture and Building Research Institute New Taipei City Taiwan

When an emergency occurs, like a fire alert, people usually follow the fixed escape route. However, they will not necessarily know where the fire is and which way would be the best route to exit the building. Sometimes people get panicky and the escape guidance might not be adequate or clear enough. In order to provide safe and correct guidance when emergencies happen, an emergency crowd guidance system was designed and implemented. In the system, a wireless sensor network, RFID, and a smart handheld device were integrated to provide a real-time, active, intelligent guidance system for fire evacuation. Moreover, an emergency guidance algorithm was run in the central control module of the proposed system displaying the evacuation route on mobile devices. Also, in the proposed system, the user can obtain information of the environment and get evacuation guidance with a well-marked arrow on a mobile device.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Buildings Fires Radiofrequency identification Databases Monitoring

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Supporting cloud deployment in the *** community network

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International Global Information Infrastructure Symposium (GIIS)

作者： Javi Jiménez Roger Baig Pau Escrich Amin M. Khan Felix Freitag Leandro Navarro Ermanno Pietrosemoli Marco Zennaro Amir H. Payberah Vladimir Vlassov Fundació Privada per la Xarxa Lliure Oberta i Neural ***. Mas l'Esperana Gurb Catalonia Department of Computer Architecture Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Trieste Italy The Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS) Stockholm Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Community networking is an emerging model of a shared communication infrastructure in which communities of citizens build and own open networks. Community networks offer successfully IP-based networking to the user. Cloud computing infrastructures however, while common in today's Internet, hardy exist in community networks. We explain our approach to bring clouds into the *** community network. For this we have started integrating part of our cloud prototype into the *** community network management tools. A proof-of-concept cloud infrastructure is currently under deployment in the *** community network. Our long term vision is that the users of community networks will not need to consume cloud applications from the Internet, but find them within the community network.

关键词： Communities Cloud computing Virtual machining Prototypes Operating systems

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Way sharing set associative cache architecture

Way sharing set associative cache architecture

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25th International Conference on VLSI Design, VLSID 2012 and the 11th International Conference on Embedded Systems

作者： Janraj, C.J. Kalyan, T. Venkata Warrier, Tripti Mutyam, Madhu Computer Architecture and Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India

ISBN: (纸本)9780769546384

In order to minimize the conflict miss rate, cache memories can be organized in set-associative manner. The downside of increasing the associativity is increase in the per access energy consumption. In conventional n-way set-associative caches, irrespective of the set-wise demand, each set has n cache ways at its disposal, but cache sets may exhibit nonuniform demand for these cache ways. Exploiting this property, we propose a novel cache architecture, called way sharing cache, wherein by allowing sharing of cache ways among a pair of cache sets, we obtain dynamic energy savings as high as 41% in DL1 cache with negligible performance penalty. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Energy conservation

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Thoughts on the application of digital substation

Thoughts on the application of digital substation

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2012 8th International Conference on Computing and Networking Technology (INC, ICCIS and ICMIC), ICCNT 2012

作者： Yue, Jie Zhao, Mingzhan Wang, Qinglin Computer Science and Technology Department Hebei Institute of Architecture Civil Engineering Zhangjiakou China

ISBN: (纸本)9788994364179

Digitized substation is the substation automation technology of the popular development direction, compared with the traditional transformer substation equipment, equipments and information system has had a great changes. In the faster and faster pace of digital process, the actual application also comes across the problem such as design and construction. These problems prompted us to experience the superior performance of digital more comprehensive understanding of the nature of the digital, to better serve the safety in production, promote modernization substation management development. © 2012 AICIT.

关键词： Wind power

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Diagnosis and Layout Aware (DLA) scan chain stitching

Diagnosis and Layout Aware (DLA) scan chain stitching

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IEEE International Test Conference

作者： Jing Ye Yu Huang Yu Hu Wu-Tung Cheng Ruifeng Guo Liyang Lai Ting-Pu Tai Xiaowei Li Weipin Changchien Daw-Ming Lee Ji-Jan Chen Sandeep C. Eruvathi Kartik K. Kumara Charles Liu Sam Pan State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Beijing P. R. China Silicon Test Solutions Mentor Graphics Corp. Wilsonville OR USA Hsinchu Science Park Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479908608

Without appropriate stitching of scan chains, even with good diagnosis algorithm and diagnostic pattern generation, it may still result in bad scan chain diagnostic resolution. To improve the diagnostic resolution, we propose a novel Diagnosis and Layout Aware (DLA) scan chain stitching method, which is pattern independent and supports embedded scan compaction. It is based on three ideas: (1) increasing the number of sensitive scan cells, which can capture useful diagnostic information; (2) properly distributing the sensitive scan cells along the scan chains to enhance the overall resolution; (3) stitching scan cells based on their placement at layout to preserve the chip performance. Experiments on ISCAS'89/ITC'99 benchmark circuits and a real industry circuit based on 20nm technology with silicon results show that, the proposed DLA scan chain stitching method effectively improves the resolution, with negligible impact on chip performance, embedded scan compaction, transition fault coverage, and test power dissipation. The silicon results even show 7X average resolution improvement comparing to without using the proposed method.

关键词： Circuit faults Layout Automatic test pattern generation Routing computer architecture Microprocessors Ant colony optimization

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Analytical Model of Customer Churn Based on Bayesian Network

Analytical Model of Customer Churn Based on Bayesian Network

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International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security

作者： Peng Sun Xin Guo Yunpeng Zhang Ziyan Wu College of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China Civil Engineering Institute Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi Province China School of Software and Microelectronics Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China School of Mechanics Civil Engineering & Architecture Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi Province China

A customer churn analytical model based Bayesian network is built for prediction of customer churn. We propose Bayesian Network approaches to predict churn motivation, mining the result in churn characters in order to help decision-making manager formulate corresponding detainment strategy. Experimental results show that classification performance of both methods is resultful.

关键词： Mathematical model Bayes methods Educational institutions Predictive models Analytical models Broadband communication Companies

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Airborne Imaging: Systems, Deployments, Practices and Capabilities

Airborne Imaging: Systems, Deployments, Practices and Capabi...

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International Congress on Digital Heritage

作者： Tom Wypych Vid Petrovic James Strawson Maurizio Seracini Thomas E. Levy Falko Kuester Department of Computer Science & Engineering Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art Architecture and Archaeology (CISA3) at the University of California San Diego's Qualcomm Institute the UCSD branch of the California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2) Department of Mechanical Engineering Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art Architecture and Archaeology (CISA3) at the University of California San Diego's Qualcomm Institute the UCSD branch of the California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2) Department of Structural Engineering Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art Architecture and Archaeology (CISA3) at the University of California San Diego's Qualcomm Institute the UCSD branch of the California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2) Department of Anthropology Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art Architecture and Archaeology (CISA3) at the University of California San Diego's Qualcomm Institute the UCSD branch of the California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2)

Overview We present a functional implementation of an unmanned aerial vehicle complete with image acquisition payloads for the documentation and virtual reconstruction of cultural heritage sites. We discuss technological advances in unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as contemporary practices in implementation, which have evolved in the direction of reducing costs, enabling new functionalities, and emerging applications in cultural heritage fieldwork. These advances are the basis for the design and execution of our unmanned aircraft, which we develop to collect unique and comprehensive datasets in challenging acquisition scenarios at active cultural heritage sites. Our platform is able to perform visual imaging, using a variety of acquisition triggers and mechanisms to enable high-resolution in-plane site photogrammetry, oblique aerial examinations of large sites, and sequence acquisitions for use in structure from motion based volumetric reconstructions of specific areas of interest. This data is in turn suitable for exploration with or without volumetric post processing techniques using visual analysis techniques using interactive high resolution tiled display inspection environments.

关键词： Practices Capabilities implementation

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