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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hagemann, Niklas Kneib, Thomas Möllenhoff, Kathrin Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology Faculty of Medicine University of Cologne Germany Division of Mathematics Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Cologne Germany Chair of Statistics and Campus Institute Data Science Georg August University Göttingen Germany

A central focus in survival analysis is examining how covariates influence survival time. These covariate effects are often found to be either time-varying, heterogeneous - such as being specific to patients, treatments, or subgroups - or exhibit both characteristics simultaneously. While the standard model, the Cox proportional hazards model, allows neither time-varying nor heterogeneous effects, several extensions to the Cox model as well as alternative modeling frameworks have been introduced. However, no unified framework for incorporating heterogeneously time-varying effects of covariates has been proposed. Such effects occur when a covariate influences survival not only in a heterogeneous and time-varying manner, but when the time-variation is also heterogeneous. We propose to model such effects by introducing heterogeneously time-varying coefficients to piecewise exponential additive mixed models. We deploy functional random effects, also known as factor smooths, to model such coefficients as the interaction effect of heterogeneity and timevariation. Our approach allows for non-linear time-effects due to being based on penalized splines and uses an efficient random effects basis to model the heterogeneity. Using a penalized basis prevents overfitting in case of absence of such effects. In addition, the penalization mostly solves the problem of choosing the number of intervals which is usually present in unregularized piecewise exponential approaches. We demonstrate the superiority of our approach in comparison to competitors by means of a simulation study. Finally, the practical application and relevance are outlined by presenting a brain tumor case study. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Regression analysis

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Living Lab Long-Term Sustainability in Hybrid Access Positive Energy Districts - A Prosumager Smart Fog Computing Perspective

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2023年第21期10卷 18898-18908页

作者： Vohnout, Rudolf Bukovsky, Ivo Chou, Shuo-Yan Geyer, Jakub Budik, Ondrej Sharma, Rohit Prokysek, Milos Horvath, Tomas Wyckmans, Annemie University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Faculty of Science Department of Computer Science České Budějovice37005 Czech Republic National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Industrial Management Taipei106 Taiwan SRM Institute of Science and Technology NCR Campus Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Ghaziabad201204 India Brno University of Technology Department of Telecommunications Brno61600 Czech Republic CESNET a.l.e Department of Optical Networks Prague16000 Czech Republic NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Architecture and Planning Trondheim7491 Norway

Living lab, one of the recent emerging smart city concepts, faces long-term sustainability challenges associated with its complexity and breadth of use. To be efficient, it must rely on comprehensive set of information distributed appropriately among all stakeholders to unleash its full innovation potential. This is especially true in the case of positive energy districts (PEDs), where timely data dissemination is essential for prosumager decisions and their greedy behavior. This article interconnects intelligent information exchange, supported by ultralow latency hybrid access network infrastructure, with the clever use of available fog computing resources to properly disseminate complex energy details to all participating entities. As the optimal task offloading for effective information distribution constitutes the convergence problem, we reintroduced higher order neural units. These units contribute to sustaining both computational and energy efficiency, as well as the balance of the entire system. We have achieved a reliable hourly energy consumption prediction with a computationally very lightweight alternative to commonly used deep neural network approaches that can be deployed on available smart appliances with ease. The application and simulation were performed on the data set provided by one of Europe's smart city pioneers, where the prosumager PED transition has already started. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Decision making

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Demo: An Experimental Environment Based On Mini-PCs For Federated Learning Research 19

Demo: An Experimental Environment Based On Mini-PCs For Fede...

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19th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2022

作者： Freitag, Felix Vilchez, Pedro Wei, Lu Liu, Chun-Hung Selimi, Mennan Koutsopoulos, Iordanis Upc BarcelonaTech. Computer Architecture Department Spain Texas Tech University Department of Computer Science LubbockTX United States Mississippi State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering StarkvilleMS United States South East European University Max Van der Stoel Institute Macedonia Athens University of Economics and Business Department of Informatics Athens Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781665431620

There is a growing research interest in Federated Learning (FL), a promising approach for data privacy preservation and proximity of training to the network edge, where data is generated. Resource consumption for Machine Learning (ML) training and inference is important for edge nodes, but most of the proposed protocols and algorithms for FL are evaluated by simulations. In this demo paper, we present an environment based on distributed mini-PCs to enable experimental study of FL protocols and algorithms. We have installed low-capacity mini-PCs within a wireless city-level mesh network and deployed container-based FL components on these nodes. We show the deployed FL clients and server at different nodes in the city and demonstrate how an FL experiment can be set and run in a real environment. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Machine learning

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Key Exchange in the Quantum Era: Evaluating a Hybrid System of Public-Key Cryptography and Physical-Layer Security

Key Exchange in the Quantum Era: Evaluating a Hybrid System ...

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Annual Conference on Information sciences and Systems (CISS)

作者： Paul Staat Meik Dörpinghaus Azadeh Sheikholeslami Christof Paar Gerhard Fcllwcis Dennis Goeckel Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy Bochum Germany Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany Math and Computer Science Department Suffolk University Boston Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331513269

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513276

Today's information society relies on cryptography to achieve security goals such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation for digital communications. Here, public-key cryptosystems play a pivotal role to share encryption keys and create digital signatures. However, quantum computers threaten the security of traditional public-key cryptosystems as they can tame computational problems underlying the schemes, i.e., discrete logarithm and integer factorization. The prospective arrival of capable-enough quantum computers already threatens today's secret communication in terms of their long-term secrecy when stored to be later decrypted. Therefore, researchers strive to develop and deploy alternative *** this work, we evaluate a key exchange protocol based on combining public-key schemes with physical-layer security, anticipating the prospect of quantum attacks: If a powerful quantum attacker cannot immediately obtain a private key, legitimate parties have a window of short-term secrecy to perform a physical-layer jamming key exchange (JKE) to establish a long-term shared secret. Thereby, the protocol constraints the computation time available to the attacker to break the employed public-key cryptography. In this paper, we outline the protocol, discuss its security, and point out challenges to be resolved.

关键词： computers Protocols Quantum computing Quantization (signal) Non-repudiation Public key cryptography Security Time factors Jamming Signal resolution

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Realistic Neutral Atom Image Simulation

Realistic Neutral Atom Image Simulation

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Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Jonas Winklmann Dimitrios Tsevas Martin Schulz Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Quantum Many-Body Systems Division Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Garching Germany

Neutral atom quantum computers require accurate single atom detection for the preparation and readout of their qubits. This is usually done using fluorescence imaging. The occupancy of an atom site in these images is often somewhat ambiguous due to the stochastic nature of the imaging process. Further, the lack of ground truth makes it difficult to rate the accuracy of reconstruction algorithms. We introduce a bottom-up simulator that is capable of generating sample images of neutral atom experiments from a description of the actual state in the simulated system. Possible use cases include the creation of exemplary images for demonstration purposes, fast training iterations for deconvolution algorithms, and generation of labeled data for machine-learning-based atom detection approaches. The implementation is available through our GitHub as a C library or wrapped Python package. We show the modeled effects and implementation of the simulations at different stages of the imaging process. Not all real-world phenomena can be reproduced perfectly. The main discrepancies are that the simulator allows for only one characterization of optical aberrations across the whole image, supports only discrete atom locations, and does not model all effects of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) cameras perfectly. Nevertheless, our experiments show that the generated images closely match real-world pictures to the point that they are practically indistinguishable and can be used as labeled data for training the next generation of detection algorithms.

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Achieving concurrency in cloud-orchestrated Internet of Things for resource sharing through multiple concurrent access

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Computational Intelligence 2024年第1期40卷 e12630-e12630页

作者： Xu, Xuedong Sun, Wei Vivekananda, G.N. Shankar, Achyut Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Changchun Institute of Technology Changchun China School of Architecture and Design Changchun Institute of Technology Changchun China Department of CSE Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science India Department of computer science and Engineering ASET Amity University Noida India

Cloud-orchestrated Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates proper utilization of network resources and placating user demands in smart communications. Multiple concurrent access (MCA) techniques designed for cloud-assisted communication helps to achieve better resource sharing features with fault tolerance ability. A multi-objective resource allocation and sharing (RAS) for balancing MCA in cloud-orchestrated IoT is presented in this article. The RAS constraints are modeled through linear programming (LP) as an optimization approach. The constraints are resolved using genetic representations (GR) for reducing the unserviced requests and failed resource allocations. Conventional genetic stages are inherited by the LP model to solve resource allocation and access issues reducing latency. The combined LP and GR jointly resolve resource allocation and MCA stagnation in cloud network. A fair outcome of LP-GR is estimation using the metrics response latency, resource utilization, request handled, and average latency. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Linear programming

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Enhanced Lung Cancer Detection Using CNNs for Accurate and Efficient CT Image Classification 1

Enhanced Lung Cancer Detection Using CNNs for Accurate and E...

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1st International Conference on Computing, sciences and Communications, ICCSC 2024

作者： Bdair, Mohammad Ruby, E D Kanmani Juyal, Prachi Taseen, Rakheeba Abirami, A. Soujanya, A. School of Architecture Computing & Engineering University of East London London United Kingdom Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Department of ECE Tamil Nadu Chennai India Uttarakhand Dehradun India School of computer science and Engineering Presidency university Bangalore India Sona College of Technology Department of Mathematics Tamil Nadu Salem India Ibrahimpatnam India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353648

Lung cancer must be detected as early as possible, but it may be difficult with existing methods since they often depend on human judgment and outdated image processing. These techniques take a lot of time and are prone to errors, which produces uneven outcomes. The research provides a unique deep learning-based method for classifying lung nodules from CT images using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). By automating feature extraction and categorization, the suggested technique greatly increases diagnostic precision. The result shows superior performance over existing systems is demonstrated by evaluation measures such as AUC-ROC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. With a training duration of 12 hours, an AUC-ROC of 0.95, accuracy of 92%, sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 90%, and inference speed of 0.5 seconds per scan, the results demonstrate notable improvements in diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. Deep learning has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis of lung cancer and enhance patient care, as demonstrated by the study. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Lung cancer

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Hardware-Efficient Preparation of Graph States on Near-Term Quantum computers

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Brandhofer, Sebastian Polian, Ilia Barz, Stefanie Bhatti, Daniel Institute of Computer Architecture and Computer Engineering University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany Networked Quantum Devices Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan

Highly entangled quantum states are an ingredient in numerous applications in quantum computing. However, preparing these highly entangled quantum states on currently available quantum computers at high fidelity is limited by ubiquitous errors. Besides improving the underlying technology of a quantum computer, the scale and fidelity of these entangled states in near-term quantum computers can be improved by specialized compilation methods. In this work, the compilation of quantum circuits for the preparation of highly entangled architecture-specific graph states is addressed by defining and solving a formal model. Our model incorporates information about gate cancellations, gate commutations, and accurate gate timing to determine an optimized graph state preparation circuit. Up to now, these aspects have only been considered independently of each other, typically applied to arbitrary quantum circuits. We quantify the quality of a generated state by performing stabilizer measurements and determining its fidelity. We show that our new method reduces the error when preparing a seven-qubit graph state by 3.5x on average compared to the state-of-the-art Qiskit solution. For a linear eight-qubit graph state, the error is reduced by 6.4x on average. The presented results highlight the ability of our approach to prepare higher fidelity or larger-scale graph states on gate-based quantum computing hardware. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Analytical Model for the Energy Efficiency in Low Power IoT Deployments

Analytical Model for the Energy Efficiency in Low Power IoT ...

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IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft)

作者： Tobias Hoß feld Simon Raffeck Frank Loh Stefan Geiß ler Chair of Communication Networks University of W&#x00FC rzburg Institute of Computer Science W&#x00FC rzburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665406949

ISBN: (纸本)9781665406956

The recent rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has given way to numerous challenges and research questions. One of the most critical issues in the area of low powered devices is the question of energy efficiency. Here, technologies like LoRa or Zigbee emerged, promising low power consumption while maintaining adequate performance. However, even when using these tailor made technologies, several configuration aspects need to be taken into account to provide high performance, energy efficient operation. To this end, we propose a generic model to compute the energy efficiency of wireless sensors under the assumption of perfect CSMA/CA channel access. We present numerical results for a typical LoRa device and highlight extensions towards other channel access mechanisms. Finally, we apply Kleinrock’s power metric to obtain ideal system configurations for varying load parameters.

关键词： Performance evaluation Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Power demand Zigbee Energy efficiency Sensors

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I/O lower bounds for auto-tuning of convolutions in CNNs 21

I/O lower bounds for auto-tuning of convolutions in CNNs

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26th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, PPoPP 2021

作者： Zhang, Xiaoyang Xiao, Junmin Tan, Guangming State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Science China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450382946

Convolution is the most time-consuming part in the computation of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have achieved great successes in numerous practical applications. Due to the complex data dependency and the increase in the amount of model samples, the convolution suffers from high overhead on data movement (i.e., memory access). This work provides comprehensive analysis and methodologies to minimize the communication for the convolution in CNNs. With an in-depth analysis of the recent I/O complexity theory under the red-blue game model, we develop a general I/O lower bound theory for a composite algorithm which consists of several different sub-computations. Based on the proposed theory, we establish the data movement lower bound results for two main convolution algorithms in CNNs, namely the direct convolution and Winograd algorithm, which represents the direct and indirect implementations of a convolution respectively. Next, derived from I/O lower bound results, we design the near I/O-optimal dataflow strategies for the two main convolution algorithms by fully exploiting the data reuse. Furthermore, in order to push the envelope of performance of the near I/O-optimal dataflow strategies further, an aggressive design of auto-tuning based on I/O lower bounds, is proposed to search an optimal parameter configuration for the direct convolution and Winograd algorithm on GPU, such as the number of threads and the size of shared memory used in each thread block. Finally, experiment evaluation results on the direct convolution and Winograd algorithm show that our dataflow strategies with the auto-tuning approach can achieve about 3.32× performance speedup on average over cuDNN. In addition, compared with TVM, which represents the state-of-the-art technique for auto-tuning, not only our auto-tuning method based on I/O lower bounds can find the optimal parameter configuration faster, but also our solution has higher performance than the optimal solution provided

关键词： Convolution

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