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Geographic information science in the era of geospatial big data: A cyberspace perspective

The Innovation 2022年第5期3卷 21-22页

作者： Xintao Liu Min Chen Christophe Claramunt Michael Batty Mei-Po Kwan Ahmad MSenousi Tao Cheng Josef Strobl Arzu Cöltekin John Wilson Temenoujka Bandrova Milan Konecny Paul MTorrens Fengyuan Zhang Li He Jinfeng Wang Carlo Ratti Olaf Kolditz Alexander Klippel Songnian Li Hui Lin Guonian Lu Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARKowloonChina Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China The French Naval Academy Research Institute 29240 Lanveoc-PoulmicFrance The Bartlett Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis(CASA) University College London(UCL)WC1E 6BT LondonUK Institute of Space and Earth Information Science The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARShatin 999077China Department of Civil Engineering Cairo University12613 CairoEgypt SpaceTimeLab Department of CivilEnvironmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversity College London(UCL)WC1E 6BT LondonUK Department of Geoinformatics University of Salzburg5020 SalzburgAustria Institute of Interactive Technologies(IIT) University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW5210 WindischSwitzerland Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90007USA Laboratory on Cartography Department of Photogrammetry and CartographyUniversity of ArchitectureCivil Engineering and Geodesy1164 SofiaBulgaria Laboratory on Geoinformatics and Cartography Department of GeographyMasaryk University61137 BrnoCeskáRepublika Computer Science and Engineering Tandon School&Center for Urban Science+ProgressNew York UniversityNew YorkNY 10012USA School of Humanities and Social Science Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Centre for Environmental Research Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ04318 LeipzigGermany Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6708the Netherlands Department of Civil Engineering Toronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoON M5B 2K3Canada School of Geography and Env

The advent of information and communication technology and the Internet of Things have led our society toward a digital *** proliferation of personal computers,smartphones,intelligent autonomous sensors,and pervasive network interactions with individuals have gradually shifted human activities from offline to online and from in person to *** transformation has brought a series of challenges in a variety of fields,such as the dilemma of placelessness,some aspects of timelessness(no time relevance),and the changing relevance of distance in the field of geographic information science(GIscience).In the last two decades,“cyber thinking”in GIscience has received significant attention from different *** instance,human activities in“cyberspace”need to be reconsidered when coupled with the geographic space to observe the first law of geography.

关键词： computer cyber instance

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Performance prediction for Stommel's perpetual salt fountain in the context of artificial ocean upwelling

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Applied Ocean Research 2025年 160卷

作者： Kemper, Jost Mense, Jan Kröger, Jörn Slawig, Thomas Graf, Kai Riebesell, Ulf Department of Computer Science Kiel University Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4 Kiel24118 Germany Institute for Naval Architecture and Maritime Engineering Kiel University of Applied Sciences Grenzstraße 3 Kiel24149 Germany Biological Oceanography GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Wischhofstraße 1-3 Kiel24148 Germany – Centre for Interdisciplinary Marine Science Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4 Kiel24118 Germany

Due to the typical temperature and salinity structure in wide parts of the global oceans, a self-sustaining, convective up or downflow within a vertical pipe can be established. This concept was introduced by Stommel et al. (1956) as the perpetual salt fountain. Recently, Stommel Upwelling Pipe (SUP) systems are gaining new interest as possible enabling technology for large-scale implementations of artificial upwelling of nutrient-rich deep ocean water to the ocean surface. This process is currently actively researched as part of several marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) approaches. Despite multiple studies conducted over the past decades, no method has yet been proposed to reliably predict performance and thus enable quantification of the potential of Stommel Upwelling Pipe (SUP) systems for artificial upwelling. In the present work, two performance prediction methods for SUP systems are introduced, one method based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and a one-dimensional method based on pipe flow equations. This twofold approach overcomes the limitations of previous studies and enables reliable performance estimation for a wide range of SUP setups. Both numerical methods are described in the present work, and their predictive capabilities are proven through rigorous verification, validation, and model intercomparison. The respective model assumptions are critically reviewed. Our results reveal key aspects of SUP performance and provide the basis for a reliable evaluation of the potential of SUP systems for artificial upwelling. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Seawater

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High-performance parallel classical scheme for simulating shallow quantum circuits

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhang, Shihao Bao, Jiacheng Sun, Yifan Li, Lvzhou Sun, Houjun Zhang, Xiangdong Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Techniques School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510006 China

Recently, constant-depth quantum circuits are proved more powerful than their classical counterparts at solving certain problems, e.g., the two-dimensional (2D) hidden linear function (HLF) problem regarding a symmetric binary matrix. To further investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computing models, in this work we propose a high-performance two-stage classical scheme to solve a full-sampling variant of the 2D HLF problem, which combines traditional classical parallel algorithms and a gate-based classical circuit model together for exactly simulating the target shallow quantum circuits. Under reasonable parameter assumptions, a theoretical analysis reveals our classical simulator consumes less runtime than that of near-term quantum processors for most problem instances. Furthermore, we demonstrate the typical all-connected 2D grid instances by moderate FPGA circuits, and show our designed parallel scheme is a practically scalable, high-efficient and operationally convenient tool for simulating and verifying graph-state circuits performed by current quantum hardware. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Timing circuits

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A TORA-based Wireless Protocol for MANET with Low Routing Overhead at Link Layer

A TORA-based Wireless Protocol for MANET with Low Routing Ov...

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IEEE Internatonal Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS)

作者： Biao Han Li Ding Yusheng Ji Xiaoyan Wang Baosheng Wang School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Information Systems Architecture Research Division National Institute of Informatics Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki University Ibaraki Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781728198668

ISBN: (纸本)9781728198675

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an emerging technology that allows users to transmit data without any physical infrastructure. Among those MANET protocols, Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) is an on-demand MANET routing protocol that attempts to find routes according to the directed acyclic graph (DAG). However, the TORA protocol requires strict synchronization. The routing overhead of TORA will increase linearly with the packet transmission rate. Motivated by Apple Wireless Direct Link (AWDL), we propose an ad hoc link-layer protocol called TORA-based Wireless Protocol (TWP) in this article. TWP can be deployed on embedded devices with Linux-kernel systems. Besides, it has unique frame structures and mechanisms. Also, it can implement synchronization and a TORA-like routing function at the link layer. We analyze the performance of TWP via experiments on Raspberry Pis. The results show that TWP can perform routing and data transmission successfully. It performs well in synchronization and can effectively reduce the routing overhead during the process of network routing.

关键词： Wireless communication Performance evaluation Wireless sensor networks Routing Routing protocols Synchronization Mobile ad hoc networks

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An optimization-based approach for the planning of energy flexible production processes with integrated energy storage scheduling

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 88卷 258-264页

作者： Stefan Roth Lukas Stumpe Benedikt Schmiegel Stefan Braunreuther Johannes Schilp Fraunhofer Research Institute for Casting Composite and Processing Technology IGCV Am Technologiezentrum 10 86159 Augsburg Germany University of Augsburg Chair of Digital Manufacturing Department of Applied Computer Science Universitätsstraße 2 86159 Augsburg Germany Fachhochschule Augsburg University of Applied Science An der Hochschule 1 86161 Augsburg Germany

Due to the fluctuating energy supply of renewable energy systems, electricity prices on the markets are becoming increasingly volatile. This offers manufacturers opportunities to reduce costs by adapting production processes to the energy supply. So-called energy flexible factories are thus a decisive competitive factor and at the same time a solution component for a successful energy turnaround. The implementation of energy flexible factories requires energy-oriented production planning that makes appropriate use of flexibility measures. Energy storage systems supplement companies’ flexibility options. In order to be able to use them cost-optimally, interactions with flexible production processes must be taken into account and planned. This paper introduces an optimization-based approach for the integrated planning of flexible production processes and battery storage scheduling.

关键词： energy flexibility production planning cost-efficient scheduling battery storage sustainable manufacturing

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Prediction of Soil Wind Erodibility Using Rfe-Based Ensemble Modelling

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Roy, Bishwajit Malviya, Lokesh Mal, Sandip Kumar, Amrendra Kumar, Radhikesh Jahed Armaghani, Danial Kumar, Deepak Banerjee, Avishek School of Computer Science UPES Uttarakhand Dehradun248007 India School of SCSE VIT MP Bhopal466114 India Dept.of CE RIT UK Roorkee247667 India Dept. of CSE NIT Bihar Patna800001 India Department of Urban Planning Engineering Networks and Systems Institute of Architecture and Construction South Ural State Universit 76 Lenin Pros ect Chelyabinsk454080 Russia Dept. of CE NIT Bihar Patna800001 India Department of CSBS Asansol Engineering College Asansol713305 India

Due to the intricate nature of erodibility, sensitivity of soil particles and limited amount of data, the consequent modelling of soil wind erodibility is a challenging task for researchers. Therefore, the robust prediction of soil wind erodibility along with the sensitive factors is often an indispensable task. This study analyses portable wind tunnel-based measured wind erosion rate (gm −2 s −1 ) from 118 sites in Kerman Province, southeast Iran where 17 different predictors were considered for each site. This paper investigates the importance of a set of predictors which are most affected by soil erosion rate. Furthermore, this study proposes a novel an optimum feature selection-based heterogeneous ensemble meta-estimator (voting ensemble (VE)) for predicting wind erosion rate. A linear regression-based recursive feature elimination technique with 2-fold cross validation is used to identify the 7significant important predictors, called i) VFS (very fine sand), ii) CS (coarse sand), iii) VCS (very coarse sand), iv) GC (gravel coverage), v) MWD (mean weight diameter), vi) surface crust, and vii) moisture, that affects the soil erodibility rate. Then, a VE with 3 unfitted estimators is proposed, which averages the predictions of singleton estimators to enhance the prediction accuracy. The 3 singleton unfitted estimators, called support vector machine (linear kernel), random forest and gradient boosting machine, are used with grid search approach. The investigation identifies the surface crust as the most effective parameter in predicting soil erosion rate. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Soils

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Correction to: Physics-informed deep learning for three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis of functionally graded materials

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Computational Mechanics 2023年第6期72卷 1315-1315页

作者： Guo, Hongwei Zhuang, Xiaoying Fu, Xiaolong Zhu, Yunzheng Rabczuk, Timon Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai P.R. China Chair of Computational Science and Simulation Technology Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover Germany Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Xi’an China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UCLA Los Angeles USA Institute of Structural Mechanics Bauhaus Universität Weimar Weimar Germany

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Generative adversarial networks (GANs) in networking: A comprehensive survey & Evaluation

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Navidan, Hojjat Moshiri, Parisa Fard Nabati, Mohammad Shahbazian, Reza Ghorashi, Seyed Ali Shah-Mansouri, Vahid Windridge, David School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran14395-515 Iran Cognitive Telecommunication Research Group Department of Telecommunications Faculty of Electrical Engineering Shahid Beheshti University Tehran19839-69411 Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Technology and Engineering Standard Research Institute Alborz31745-139 Iran School of Architecture Computing and Engineering University of East London LondonE16 2RD United Kingdom Department of Computer Science School of Science and Technology Middlesex University LondonNW4 4BT United Kingdom

Despite the recency of their conception, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) constitute an extensively-researched machine learning sub-field for the creation of synthetic data through deep generative modeling. GANs have consequently been applied in a number of domains, most notably computer vision, in which they are typically used to generate or transform synthetic images. Given their relative ease of use, it is therefore natural that researchers in the field of networking (which has seen extensive application of deep learning methods) should take an interest in GAN-based approaches. The need for a comprehensive survey of such activity is therefore urgent. In this paper, we demonstrate how this branch of machine learning can benefit multiple aspects of computer and communication networks, including mobile networks, network analysis, internet of things, physical layer, and cybersecurity. In doing so, we shall provide a novel evaluation framework for comparing the performance of different models in non-image applications, applying this to a number of reference network datasets. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Simulation of scour around arbitrary offshore foundations based on the volume-of-fluid method combined with a Bingham model

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Meyer, Janek Graf, Kai Slawig, Thomas Yacht Research Unit Kiel R&D-Centre University of Applied Sciences Kiel Germany Institute of Naval Architecture University of Applied Sciences Kiel Germany Departement of Computer Science Kiel University Germany

This paper presents a method for the simulation of scour around arbitrary offshore structures. It is based on the solution of the Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes equations implemented in the OpenFOAM framework. The sediment is simulated with the help of a Bingham model, which basically models a solid sediment behavior by introducing a very high viscosity. The relative pressure used by the Bingham model is estimated with a new approach based on the solution of a Poisson equation. The position of the sediment surface is calculated with the Volume-of-Fluid approach using a high-resolution scheme. To keep the typical wall characteristics without demanding a fine grid, the common wall functions are transferred to the domain internal sediment walls. Furthermore, additional modifications are applied to model a solid sediment wall inside the solution domain. The new internal wall function implementation is validated with a 2D test case. The results show a very good agreement to common wall functions and a significant improvement compared to its negligence. Furthermore the solver is used to simulate the scour downstream of an apron and the scour around a vertical cylinder in current. The results are compared to experiments presented in the literature and show good agreement. The applicability onto arbitrary structures is demonstrated by applying the solver onto a vertical cylinder with a mudplate. The current development state is able to resolve all important physical flow and scour phenomena. The results also unveil that modeling of the suspension and the treatment of the internal wall need additional attention. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scour

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An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Pre-training in Lifelong Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mehta, Sanket Vaibhav Patil, Darshan Chandar, Sarath Strubell, Emma School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Mila Quebec AI Institute Université de Montréal MontrealQCH3T 1J4 Canada Mila Quebec AI Institute Canada CIFAR AI Chair École Polytechnique de Montréal MontrealQCH3T 1J4 Canada

The lifelong learning paradigm in machine learning is an attractive alternative to the more prominent isolated learning scheme not only due to its resemblance to biological learning but also its potential to reduce energy waste by obviating excessive model re-training. A key challenge to this paradigm is the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting. With the increasing popularity and success of pre-trained models in machine learning, we pose the question: What role does pre-training play in lifelong learning, specifically with respect to catastrophic forgetting? We investigate existing methods in the context of large, pre-trained models and evaluate their performance on a variety of text and image classification tasks, including a large-scale study using a novel data set of 15 diverse NLP tasks. Across all settings, we observe that generic pre-training implicitly alleviates the effects of catastrophic forgetting when learning multiple tasks sequentially compared to randomly initialized models. We then further investigate why pre-training alleviates forgetting in this setting. We study this phenomenon by analyzing the loss landscape, finding that pre-trained weights appear to ease forgetting by leading to wider minima. Based on this insight, we propose jointly optimizing for current task loss and loss basin sharpness to explicitly encourage wider basins during sequential fine-tuning. We show that this optimization approach outperforms several state-of-the-art task-sequential continual learning algorithms across multiple settings, occasionally even without retaining a memory that scales in size with the number of tasks. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Machine learning

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