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Monitoring dioxins and PCBs in eggs as sensitive indicators for environmental pollution and global contaminated sites and recommendations for reducing and controlling releases and exposure

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 254-279页

作者： Jindrich Petrlik Lee Bell Joe DiGangi Serge Molly Allo'o Allo'o Gilbert Kuepouo Griffins Ochieng Ochola Valeriya Grechko Nikola Jelinek Jitka Strakova Martin Skalsky Yuyun Ismawati Drwiega Jonathan N.Hogarh Eric Akortia Sam Adu-Kumi Akarapon Teebthaisong Maria Carcamo Bjorn Beeler Peter Behnisch Claudia Baitinger Christine Herold Roland Weber International Pollutants Elimination Network(IPEN) GooteborgSweden Arnika e Toxics and Waste Programme Delnicka 13PragueCzech Republic National Toxics Network(NTN) PerthAustralia National SAICM Focal Point President of the Tenth Conference of the Parties to the Rotterdam ConventionMinistry of ForestryFisheries and EnvironmentLibrevilleGabon Centre de Recherche et d‘Education pour le Developpement(CREPD) YaoundeCameroon Centre for Environmental Justice and Development(CEJAD) NairobiKenya University of Chemistry and Technology Technicka 5PragueCzech Republic Arnika e Citizens'Support Center Delnicka 13PragueCzech Republic Nexus3 Foundation Denpasar80223Indonesia Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Ghana Atomic Energy Commission National Nuclear Research InstituteAccraRepublic of Ghana Chemicals Control and Management Centre Environmental Protection AgencyAccraGhana Ecological Alert and Recovery e Thailand(EARTH) NonthaburiThailand La Red de Accion en Plaguicidas y sus Alternativas para America Latina MontevideoUruguay BioDetection Systems BV(BDS) Science Park 4061098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz(BUND) Germany POPs Environmental Consulting D-73527Schw€abisch GmündGermany

This review compiles information on PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated eggs from 20 years of global egg monitoring around emission sources in four continents conducted by the International Pollutants Elimination network(IPEN)and Arnika as well as a compilation of data from scientific *** monitored 127 pooled egg samples including samples from 113 chicken flocks at potential PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated sites around priority sources listed in the Stockholm Convention(*** incinerators,metal industries,cement plants,and open burning).99(88%)of pooled egg samples were above the EU maximum limits for PCDD/Fs(2.5 pg PCDD/F-TEQ/g fat)or the sum of PCDD/Fs and dioxinlike PCBs(5 pg PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/g fat).Children consuming such eggs exceed the tolerable weekly intake(TWI).This demonstrates that close to 90%of these areas were not safe for the production of free-range *** out of the 113 egg samples(14%)were contaminated above 50 pg TEQ/g fat and exceeded the EU maximum limit more than 10 *** the 26 pooled egg samples around incinerators 24(92%)exceeded the limit with a mean of 43.1 pg TEQ/g fat(2.6e234 pg TEQ/g).All 21 egg samples around metal industries(4.4e112.6 pg TEQ/g fat)were above limits with mean concentration of 26.0 pg TEQ/g *** all 7 egg samples measured at e-waste recycling sites were above limits(mean 308 pg TEQ/g fat).In 58(51%)pooled egg samples the PCB-TEQ was above 5 pg TEQ/g fat exceeding the EU maximum limit with dioxin-like PCBs *** highlights the role of commercial PCBs for global contamination with dioxin-like *** was discovered that around metal industries,shredder plants,open burning sites of e-waste and dump sites,a high share of contamination was caused by *** clearly shows severe PCB release from the end-of-life management of PCB-containing equipment in developing *** highly contaminated eggs were found at many sites where plastic was *** highest contaminated egg sample ev

关键词： PCDD/PCDF dl-PCBs PBDD/PBDF Contaminated sites Monitoring Egg DR CALUX

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Clustering of the Scenario Space for the Assessment of Automated Driving

Clustering of the Scenario Space for the Assessment of Autom...

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IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle

作者： Jonas Kerber Sebastian Wagner Korbinian Groh Dominik Notz Thomas Kühbeck Daniel Watzenig Alois Knoll Chair of Robotics Artificial Intelligence and Embedded Systems Technische Universität München Munich Germany BMW NA Mountain View USA Institute of Automation and Control at Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9781728166735

ISBN: (纸本)9781728166742

Assessment and testing are among the biggest challenges for the release of automated driving. Up to this date, the exact procedure to achieve homologation is not settled. Current research focuses on scenario-based approaches that represent driving scenarios as test cases within a scenario space. This avoids redundancies in testing, enables the inclusion of virtual testing into the process, and makes a statement about test coverage possible. However, it is unclear how to define such a scenario space and the coverage criterion. This work presents a novel approach to the definition of the scenario space. Spatiotemporal filtering on naturalistic highway driving data provides a large amount of driving scenarios as a foundation. A custom distance measure between scenarios enables hierarchical agglomerative clustering, categorizing the scenarios into subspaces. The members of a resulting cluster found through this approach reveal a common structure that is visually observable. We discuss a data-driven solution to define the necessary test coverage for the assessment of automated driving. Finally, the contribution of the findings to achieve homologation is elaborated.

关键词： Testing Road transportation Data mining Trajectory Spatiotemporal phenomena Redundancy Filtering

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Ecological Efficiency Evaluation and Spatiotemporal Characteristics Analysis of the Coupling Coordination of the Logistics Industry and Manufacturing Industry

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Su, Juan Shen, Tong Jin, Shuxin College of Transportation Engineering Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Management Control and Cycle Repair Technology for Traffic Network Facilities in Ecological Security Barrier Area Chang’an University Xi’an710064 China College of Equipment and Support Engineering University of PAP Xi’an710086 China School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510006 China

The coupling coordination of the logistics industry and manufacturing industry conducive to the sustainable development of logistics and manufacturing and the stability of sustainable supply chain. The logistics and manufacturing industries are not only the basic industries that support social development, but also the industries with high carbon emissions. Firstly, this paper classifies the carbon emissions from the logistics industry and manufacturing industry as undesirable outputs, evaluates the ecological efficiency of the logistics industry (LEE) and manufacturing industry (MEE) in the Yangtze River Delta from 2006 to 2019 by using the unexpected slacks-based measure (SBM) model. Secondly, the coupling coordination method is used to analyze the coupling coordination scheduling of industrial ecological efficiency. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the spatial differences of the coupling coordination ecological efficiency between logistics industry and manufacturing industry (MLCC) by using the exploratory spatial data analysis method. Finally, the spatial econometric model is used to analyze the driving factors of the MLCC. The results show: The ecological efficiency of the manufacturing industry has steadily improved. The ecological efficiency of the logistics industry presents the rising trend in fluctuation. The level of the coupling coordination development between the logistics and manufacturing industries is high. The results of the spatial heterogeneity analysis show that the spatial differentiation of high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration is obvious. The spatial agglomeration characteristics are relatively stable, and the spatial diffusion effect is strong;In space, the MLCC shows a trend of developing from multiple agglomeration areas to one agglomeration area. The results of driving factor analysis show that foreign direct investment(FDI), government intervention(GI) and human capital(HP) have positive effects on the MLCC, while industrial struc

关键词： Environmental regulations

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A NATION-WIDE EXPERIMENT: FUEL TAX CUTS AND ALMOST FREE PUBLIC TRANSPORT FOR THREE MONTHS IN GERMANY - REPORT 3 SECOND WAVE RESULTS

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Loder, Allister Isaza, Andrea Cadavid Wurster, Stefan Cantner, Fabienne Siewert, Markus B. Goerg, Sebastian Bogenberger, Klaus Technical University of Munich TUM School of Engineering and Design Chair of Traffic Engineering Control Arcisstrasse 21 Munich80333 Germany Technical University of Munich TUM School of Engineering and Design Chair of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Systems Lichtenbergstraße 4a Garching85748 Germany Munich School of Politics Public Policy Technical University of Munich TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology Professorship of Policy Analysis Richard-Wagner-Straße 1 München80333 Germany Technical University of Munich TUM School of Management TUMCS for Biotechnology & Sustainability Am Essigberg 3 Straubing94315 Germany Munich School of Politics and Public Policy TUM Think Tank Richard-Wagner-Straße 1 München80333 Germany

In spring 2022, the German federal government agreed on a set of measures that aimed at reducing households’ financial burden resulting from a recent price increase, especially in energy and mobility. These measures included among others, a nation-wide public transport ticket for 9 EUR per month and a fuel tax cut that reduced fuel prices by more than 15 %. In transportation research this is an almost unprecedented behavioral experiment. It allows to study not only behavioral responses in mode choice and induced demand but also to assess the effectiveness of transport policy instruments. We observe this natural experiment with a three-wave survey and an app-based travel diary on a sample of hundreds of participants as well as an analysis of traffic counts. In this third report, we provide first findings from the second survey, conducted during the experiment. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Surveys

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Delay-sensitive Joint Optimal control and Resource Management in Multi-loop networked control systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Mamduhi, Mohammad H. Maity, Dipankar Hirche, Sandra Baras, John S. Johansson, Karl H. Division of Decision and Control Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Malvinas väg 10 Stockholm10044 Sweden Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 270 Ferst Dr. AtlantaGA30332-0150 United States Chair of Information-oriented Control Technical University of Munich Theresienstr. 90 Munich80333 Germany Institute of Systems Research University of Maryland 20742 College ParkMD United States

In the operation of networked control systems, where multiple processes share a resource-limited and time-varying cost-sensitive network, communication delay is inevitable and primarily influenced by, first, the control systems deploying intermittent sensor sampling to reduce the communication cost by restricting non-urgent transmissions, and second, the network performing resource management to minimize excessive traffic and eventually data loss. In a heterogeneous scenario, where control systems may tolerate only specific levels of sensor-to-controller latency, delay sensitivities need to be considered in the design of control and network policies to achieve the desired performance guarantees. We propose a cross-layer optimal co-design of control, sampling and resource management policies for an NCS consisting of multiple stochastic linear time-invariant systems which close their sensor-to-controller loops over a shared network. Aligned with advanced communication technology, we assume that the network offers a range of latency-varying transmission services for given prices. Local samplers decide either to pay higher cost to access a low-latency channel, or to delay sending a state sample at a reduced price. A resource manager residing in the network data-link layer arbitrates channel access and re-allocates resources if link capacities are exceeded. The performance of the local closed-loop systems is measured by a combination of linear-quadratic Gaussian cost and a suitable communication cost, and the overall objective is to minimize a defined social cost by all three policy makers. We derive optimal control, sampling and resource allocation policies under different cross-layer awareness models, including constant and time-varying parameters, and show that higher awareness generally leads to performance enhancement at the expense of higher computational complexity. This trade-off is shown to be a key feature to select the proper interaction structure for the co-d

关键词： Time varying control systems

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Modulating motor cortical oscillation with coordinated reset multifocal transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Journal of neurophysiology 2023年第5期129卷 1061-1071页

作者： Kai-Hsiang Stanley Chen Tzu-Kang Hung Rupesh Kumar Chikara Yu-Ting Kuo Yi-Ping Liu Yan-Siou Dong Yih-Ru Wu Li-Wei Ko Ying-Zu Huang Robert Chen Department of Neurology National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch Hsinchu Taiwan. Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan. Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan. Jane and John Justin Neurosciences Center Cook Children's Health Care System Fort Worth Texas United States. Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas United States. Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan. Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan. Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience College of Health Science and Technology Taoyuan Taiwan. Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada. Division of Neurology Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada. Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada.

According to the theory of coordinated reset (CR) stimulation, multifocal bursts of stimuli delivered in a random order with a specific interval may reduce the resonance power of the oscillatory generator in the epicenter. We develop a noninvasive coordinated multifocal burst stimulation (COMBS) with three repetitive transcranial stimulation machines based on CR theory to modulate the target frequency in the primary motor cortex and to assess its effect on motor cortical excitability in separate experiments. Electroencephalography and electromyography were recorded in 16 healthy participants during a finger-tapping task, both before and after the intervention. The resting oscillatory power at the targeted frequency was not changed by COMBS. α-Band power was increased in both preparation and movement stages and the low β-band power was increased in the movement stage of the finger tapping task. The extent of low β-band event-related desynchronization was reduced by COMBS. There were no changes in reaction time, but there was a trend for a reduced error rate after COMBS. In another 14 healthy participants, there were no significant changes in cortical excitability before and after COMBS measured by rest motor threshold, short interval intracortical inhibition, short interval intracortical facilitation, and cortical silent period. The result indicates that COMBS may modify the cortical oscillatory power and its perturbation within specific movement stage. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to apply coordinated reset (CR) neuromodulation to the motor cortex with three repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) stimulators to assess its effect on cortical oscillation. The results revealed enhancement of α-band power specifically in preparation and movement stages and low β-band power in the movement stage of a motor task. It postulated that CR stimulation may modify the motor cortical oscillation in the specific movement stages.

关键词： coordinated reset event-related desynchronization low beta oscillation motor cortical excitability repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

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Active Vibration control of a Convertible Structure based on a Linear Parameter-Varying Model

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2019年第28期52卷 190-195页

作者： R. Jirasek T. Schauer A. Bleicher Chair of Hybrid Structures - Structural Concrete Brandenburg University of Technology 03046 Cottbus Germany Control Systems Group Technische Universität Berlin 10587 Berlin Germany

This paper investigates modelling and active vibration control (AVC) of ultra-lightweight convertible structures based on the elastic kinetic motion mechanism with a focus on civil and structural engineering applications. Model building is carried out in the linear parameter-varying (LPV) framework for the example of a convertible Fin Ray structure. In a first step local linear time-invariant (LTI) models are derived from a finite element model of the structure for different transformation states. On the basis of this collection of local LTI models, a grid-based LPV model is established. An AVC of multiple modes is implemented by means of a modal velocity feedback control. Single-input single-output (SISO) control design is carried out with the root locus method for the first and second mode using the same control input under the assumption of well separated eigenfrequencies. The implemented AVC is validated in simulation.

关键词： LPV systems control Design Active Vibration control Convertible Structures Finite Element Model Structural Engineering Modal Reduction Elastic Kinetic Motion Mechanism

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Linear Parameter-Varying Models for Convertible Structures in Civil and Structural Engineering

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2019年第15期52卷 555-560页

This paper investigates the feasibility of the linear parameter-varying (LPV) framework for modelling the dynamic behaviour of ultra-lightweight convertible structures based on the elastic kinetic motion mechanism with a focus on civil and structural engineering applications. Model building is carried out for the example of a Fin Ray structure. In a first step local linear time-invariant (LTI) models are derived from a finite element model of the structure for different transformation states. On the basis of this collection of local LTI models, a grid-based LPV model is established. The derived LPV model is validated in simulation by comparison with data from a finite element model.

关键词： LPV systems Convertible Structures Finite Element Model Structural Engineering Modal Reduction Elastic Kinetic Motion Mechanism

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Consensus of Vehicle Platoon with the Hidden Layer Against Stochastic Noise

Consensus of Vehicle Platoon with the Hidden Layer Against S...

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第三十八届中国控制会议

作者： Ziyuan Li Yonggui Liu the Key Laboratory of Autonomous Systems and Network Control Ministry of Education School of Automatic Science and Engineering South China University of Technology

This paper concerns the consensus of the second order vehicle platoon system in presence of stochastic noise. The control protocol is designed to achieve the desired control objective under the predecessor-follower topology. The control objectives include: speeds of all vehicles in the platoon reach the consensus and the spacings between adjacent vehicles approach to be identical. Firstly, the necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained to reach consensus in the noise-free case. Then, the stochastic consensus of the platoon with the hidden layer is analyzed by using the knowledge of stochastic differential equation(SDE). The conditions of control parameters are derived to ensure the almost sure exponential consensus of the platoon. Finally,simulation experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed results.

关键词： Vehicle platoon Hidden layer Consensus Stochastic noise Stochastic differential equation

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Design of body surface injury area measurement system based on the optimized FCM algorithm

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International Journal of Performability Engineering 2020年第1期16卷 130-142页

作者： Wang, Lu Yang, Haojie Wu, Lan Wen, Chenglin Department of Electrical Automation Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai201306 China Department of Image and Network Investigation Railway Police College Zhengzhou450053 China College of Electrical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou450001 China Institute of Systems Science and Control Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou310018 China

The effective and accurate area measurement of body surface injury regions is important for the appraisal work of forensic medicine of public security. Considering that most of the area measurement methods used in current forensic appraisals still have strong dependence on man-made manipulation, a fuzzy c-means (FCM)-based area measurement system for body surface injury regions is designed in this paper. Aiming at the problems of poor clustering effects and poor real-time performance of FCM in the area measurement process, a design method based on super-pixel segmentation and multi-subgroup parallel artificial fish swarm is proposed in the designed system, and on this basis, the overall process framework and system workflow are designed and given. Finally, the simulation results show that the designed system can effectively improve the segmentation quality, segmentation speed, and area measurement precision of the injury region, thus providing better effectiveness and accuracy for the appraisal work of forensic medicine. © 2020 Totem Publisher, Inc.

关键词： Pixels

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