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USING THE PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS TO HELP design A TREATMENT SYSTEM

GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1991年第4期11卷 81-86页

作者： NYER, E BOETTCHER, G MORELLO, B Evan K. Nyer is an expert in the research and application of technology to ground water cleanups. As vice president with Geraghty & Miller Inc. he is responsible for engineering services including hazardous and solid waste management environmental and natural resource management remediation activities and designing treatment systems for contaminated sites throughout the United States and in foreign countries. He has designed more than 100 ground water treatment systems. Nyer travels throughout the country teaching treatment techniques at seminars and universities. He has written numerous papers on ground water decontamination and other water and waste water cleanup techniques. He is responsible for bringing to the field many innovative techniques for biological treatment of water soils and in situ treatment and the application of existing technologies to ground water contamination. He is a member of the Water Pollution Control Federation The National Water Well Association The American Institute of Chemical Engineers and The American Society of Civil Engineers. Bridget Morello received a B.S. Che from the University of South Florida in 1987 and is currently working for Geraghty & Miller's Process Group in Tampa Florida. She is mainly involved in treatability evaluation and design of ground water treatment systems. Gary Boettcher is a project scientists with Geraghty & Miller Inc. in Tampa Florida. He received his B.S. degree in microbiology from the University of South Florida and is currently pursuing a Master of Public Health (MPH) degree. He is involved in investigation treatability and design of biological remediation systems.

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Simple mass transfer simulation using a single-particle heterogeneous reaction approach in rice husk combustion and rice husk ash extraction

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期963卷

作者： S Steven E Restiawaty Y Bindar Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Research Group on Design and Development of Chemical Engineering Processes Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Center Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Research Group on Biomass and Food Processing Technology Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

Rice husk conversion to silica is usually carried out through combustion to produce ash and then continued with ash extraction to obtain silica. There is a model to simulate the single-particle combustion, which abandoned the simplification. However, the model is complex and seems complicated for early beginners. This study, hence, aims to discuss the simple mass transfer simulation using a single-particle heterogeneous reaction approach. The shrinking core model was targeted for rice husk combustion time prediction, whereas mass transfer effectiveness analysis was used in rice husk ash extraction simulation. According to this study, a shorter combustion time is reached under smaller particle diameter, more spherical particle, and higher oxygen concentration. The result showed that a combustion time of 133 minutes is obtained for oxygen diffusion to rice husk with diameter 5.8 mm, sphericity 0.5, and oxygen concentration 21%-vol. Besides, in order to improve the rice husk ash extraction overall mass transfer effectiveness from 0.01 to 0.1, extraction should be done under particle diameter of 0.2 mm, sphericity of 0.8, and agitator tip velocity of 5 cm/s. All of the parameters lessen the mass transfer limitation due to diffusion, and in consequence, intrinsic kinetic becomes a major factor.

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THE NO FRAME CONCEPT - ITS IMPACT ON SHIPYARD COST

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 218-232页

作者： NAPPI, NS WALZ, RW WIERNICKI, CJ Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a B.S. degree in civil engineering and received his M.S. in civil engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1954 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a naval architect (structures) performing detail structural design and fabrication studies for CVAs LPDs DDs and CGs and eventually became a supervisory naval architect (structures). From 1965 to 1973 he was a member of the staff of the Computer-Aided Design Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). As such he was involved in the development of the computer structural design tool the SSDP (in association with Frank M. Lev) and automated detail design programs (CASDOS). His current position is Senior Naval Architect Consultant in the structural integrity group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department DTNSRDC. Mr. Nappi is the author and co-author of numerous technical papers and reports covering a wide spectrum of topics such as automated structural design process design for producibility and survivability material weight and cost trade-off studies and structural weight determination for high performance ships (i.e. SES SWATH HYSWAS). He has lectured on the subjects of design for survivability and ship structures at the Naval Post Graduate School and MIT. He is a member of ASNE ASCE U.S. Naval Institute Sigma Xi and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Nappi was a member of the NAVSEA working commitee for the computer supported design planning effort and is currently a member of the DTNSRDC ASSET Advisory Committee. Ronald W. Walz:graduated in 1974 from Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in civil engineering. He began his professional career in 1974 at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center as a structural engineer in the structural design concepts group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department.

A proposed cost effective alternative to current U.S. Navy structurally configured hulls is presented in this paper. This proposed design for producibility concept involves the elimination of structural stanchions and transverse web frames. The potential impact of this “no frame” concept on structural design, weight and construction and material costs for naval surface frigates and destroyers is reflected in 1) reduced costs for the installation of distributive systems and 2) a reduced number and complexity of structural details providing a more reliable and less costly structure. This study was performed in three parts: 1) Determine the most feasible length between bulkheads without frames; 2) Using this length perform detail weight studies and construction and material costs analysis comparison on a 72-foot long hull module, with and without frames, for a FFG-7, and 3) Estimate the saving in man hours of labor on the installation of distributive systems and shipfitting for an FFG-7. For the feasible length studies on the “no frame” structural configuration, thirty-seven strength, weight and vertical center of gravity studies were performed on two ship classes; twenty-two on the FFG-7 class and fifteen on the DD-963 class. The detailed weight studies and construction and material cost analyses were conducted for FFG-7 “no frame” and “as built” modules. Results indicating the “no frame” concept module was 6.8% heavier and 14.8% less costly than the “as built” module. For the impact of an FFG-7 “no frame” structurally configured hull on the cost of labor required for the installation of distributive systems and for other functional work such as ship fitting, welding, and electrical, this study indicated a reduction of 169,206 labor hours per ship, representing 7.12% of the total required man hours to fabricate an FFG-7 class ship. With the employment of the “no frame” concept, certain areas of significant concern and potential risk were addressed. These include: 1) t

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A device simulation of the BBT effect in flash memory cells and implications for the development of high-reliability memory cells

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第11期79卷 51-57页

作者： Hayashi, T Fukuda, K Ohno, M Nishi, K Kita, A VLSI R&D Center OKI Electric Industry Company Ltd. Hachioji-shi Japan 193 Graduated from the Science University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1986 and joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in research on the reliability of MOS transistors and silicon oxide films. Since 1994 he has been engaged in the development of flash memory. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1983 and joined Oki Electric in 1985. Since then he has been engaged in research on the semiconductor process and device simulation. In 1990 he participated in joint research at the Technical University of Aachen. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering in 1980 and completed an MS course in 1983. In 1986 he completed the doctoral course at Shizuoka University. He then joined Oki Electric where he has been engaged in research on ULSI processes. He is now a manager responsible for flash memory at the VLSI R&D Center. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1973 and joined Oki Electric. He was engaged in the development of integrated circuit logic simulation technology and bipolar process technology and since 1980 he has been engaged in research on process/device simulation and modeling. Presently he is a senior manager at the VLSI R&D Center. In 1982–1984 he was a Visiting Scholar at MIT. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society and a senior member of IEEE. Graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology Dept. of Chemical Engineering in 1978 and completed the MS program in 1930. In that year he joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in CMOS process design for DRAM and flash memory. He is now a manager at the VLSI R&D Center. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society.

In order to analyze the BBT (band-to-band tunneling) phenomenon in flash memory cells by simulation, a new model is proposed, which improves on the BBT model by introducing the concept of ''average electric field.'' This model agrees well with the measured results in a wide drain N-concentration range. Using this model, the reliability of memory cells is analyzed. It is found that the difference of the amount of BBT generation does not directly affect the endurance characteristics but does affect the disturb characteristics. The same model can be used to analyze problem points of the present cells and to estimate the BBT current of next-generation devices accurately.

关键词： band-to-band tunneling flash memory simulation endurance characteristics

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Ferrous Ion and Medium Composition Effects on Acidogenic Phase in Biobutanol Production from Molasses

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2017年第1期877卷

作者： E Restiawaty D Grinanda Study Program of Bioenergy and Chemurgy Engineering Research Group of Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Jln. Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC) Mashudi No. 1 Sumedang West Java 45363 Indonesia Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Centre Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 West Java Indonesia.

Clostridium acetobutylicum B530 has ability to convert sugar into biobutanol through two phases, i.e. acidogenic and solventogenic. This fermentation process is often hampered by high raw material cost and low product yield. In order to suppress the production cost, the molasses, a byproduct of sugar cane process production, was used as carbon source in this research. Molasses has nitrogen content in a small amount, thus could be negating the beef extract component, which is expected not to affect the growth of C. acetobutylicum B530 and also can reduce the production cost. In addition, a certain amount of Fe2+ (ferrous ion), a precursor in the formation of the enzyme ferredoxin, was added to the fermentation medium to contribute in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, so that the formation of acidogenic products such as butyric acid and acetic acid is affected. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ferrous ion and the medium composition in acidogenic phase. The addition of 20 ppm FeSO4.7H2O in the fermentation medium without beef extract can increase the concentration of butyric acid by 20% at a temperature of 35°C, while acetic acid concentration decreased by 6%. According to those results, it is expected that the product selectivity of butanol will increase in solventogenic phase. In addition, the removal of beef extract in the fermentation medium does not affect the kinetics of growth of C. acetobutylicum B530.

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Biowaste to Biochar: A Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar Production from Food-Waste Digestate and its Agricultural Field Application

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Gamaralalage, Disni Rodgers, Sarah Gill, Andy Meredith, William Bott, Tom West, Helen Alces, Jessica Snape, Colin McKechnie, Jon Sustainable Process Technologies Research Group Faculty of Engineering The University of Nottingham NottinghamNG7 2RD United Kingdom R&D manager CPL Industries Energy Technology Building Jubilee Campus The University of Nottingham NottinghamNG7 2TU United Kingdom Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jubilee Campus The University of Nottingham NottinghamNG8 1BB United Kingdom School of Biosciences Sutton Bonington Campus The University of Nottingham LeicestershireLE12 5RD United Kingdom Strategy & Development Severn Trent Green Power The Stables Radford Chipping NortonOX7 4EB United Kingdom

Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments, contributing to meet UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This study investigates greenhouse gas emissions and techno-economics associated with biochar produced from anaerobic digestate using hydrothermal carbonisation with post carbonisation at higher temperatures. While digestates are challenging to valorise, owing to high moisture contents, these low-value feedstocks have steady availability with minimal competition for other applications. The study scope includes food-waste digestate supply, stable biochar production, agricultural field application including co-benefits, and transportation activities. Minimising digestate transport through co-location of biochar production with anaerobic digestion demonstrated greenhouse gas mitigation costs of © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Greenhouse gases

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Greenhouse gas emissions, water footprint, and ecological footprint of food purchases according to their degree of processing in Brazilian metropolitan areas: a time-series study from 1987 to 2018

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2021年第11期5卷 e775-e785页

作者： da Silva, Jacqueline Tereza Garzillo, Josefa Maria Fellegger Rauber, Fernanda Kluczkovski, Alana Rivera, Ximena Schmidt da Cruz, Gabriela Lopes Frankowska, Angelina Martins, Carla Adriano da Costa Louzada, Maria Laura Monteiro, Carlos Augusto Reynolds, Christian Bridle, Sarah Levy, Renata Bertazzi Department of Preventive Medicine School of Medicine University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Nutrition School of Public Health University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil and Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom Equitable Development and Resilience Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Design and Physical Science Brunel University London London UK United Kingdom Department of Geography University of Sheffield Sheffield UK United Kingdom Centre for Food Policy City University London UK United Kingdom HCor Research Institute Hospital do Coração São Paulo Brazil

Background: The consumption of ultra-processed foods has increased worldwide and has been related to the occurrence of obesity and other non-communicable diseases. However, little is known about the environmental effects of ultra-processed foods. We aimed to assess the temporal trends in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), water footprint, and ecological footprint of food purchases in Brazilian metropolitan areas, and how these are affected by the amount of food processing. Methods: In this time-series study, we used data from five Brazilian Household Budget Surveys (1987–88, 1995–96, 2002–03, 2008–09, 2017–18) to calculate GHGE, water footprint, and ecological footprint per 1000 kcal of food and beverages purchased. Food items were classified into NOVA food groups: unprocessed or minimally processed foods (G1);processed culinary ingredients (G2);processed foods (G3);and ultra-processed foods (G4). We calculated the proportion each NOVA food group contributes to daily kcal per person. Linear regression was performed to evaluate trends of the environmental impacts across the years. Findings: Between 1987–88 and 2017–18, diet-related GHGE increased by 21% (from 1538·6 g CO₂ equivalent [CO₂e] per 1000 kcal [95% CI 1473·3–1604·0] to 1866·0 g CO₂e per 1000 kcal [1788·0–1944·0];p_trend<0·0001), diet-related water footprint increased by 22% (from 1447·2 L/1000 kcal [95% CI 1400·7–1493·8] to 1769·1 L/1000 kcal [1714·5–1823·7];p_trend<0·0001), and diet-related ecological footprint increased by 17% (from 9·69 m²/1000 kcal [95% CI 9·33–10·05] to 11·36 m²/1000 kcal [10·91–11·81];p_trend<0·0001). We found that the change in the environmental indicators over time varied between NOVA food groups. We did not find evidence of a change in the environmental indicators for G1 foods over time. GHGE from G2 foods decreased by 18% (p_trend<0·0001), whereas GHGE from G4 foods increased by 245% (p

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COMPARISON OF DOWNHOLE AND SURFACE SAMPLING FOR THE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS (VOCS) IN GROUND-WATER

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1992年第1期12卷 126-133页

作者： ROSEN, ME PANKOW, JF GIBS, J IMBRIGIOTTA, TE Michael E. Rosen received his B.A. in chemistry from the State University of New York at Binghamton in 1981 and a Ph.D. in environmental science and engineering from the Oregon Graduate Institute in 1988. His research interests include trace environmental analysis of organic compounds. He is now manager of the Voluntary Cleanup Section of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (Environmental Cleanup Division 811 S.W. 6th Ave. Portland OR 97204) where he is working to develop streamlined procedures and processes for the investigation and cleanup of hazardous substance sites. James F. Pankow is professor and chairman of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Institute (Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering 19600 N.W. von Neumann Dr. Beaverton OR 97006–1999). He received his B.A. in chemistry in 1973 from the State University of New York in Binghamton and his Ph.D. in environmental engineering science from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena California in 1979. His group is involved in the study of the physical and chemical processes affecting the behavior of organic and inorganic chemicals in the environment. This work includes the development and application of sensitive analytical methods for the determination of trace organic contaminants in ground water systems. Jacob Gibs is an environmental engineer with the U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division (810 Bear Tavern Rd. Ste. 207 West Trenton NJ 08628). He received a B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1968 an M.S. in environmental engineering in 1975 and a Ph.D. in environmental engineering in 1983 all from Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania. He is currently project chief of a study on representative sampling of ground water for trace levels of organic compounds. His research interests include evaluating ground water sampling techniques and devices for purgeable organic compounds design of sampling

The relative precision and accuracy of sampling and analysis methods for the determination of trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water were compared. Samples were collected from a well containing nanogram-per-liter (ng/L) to microgram-per-liter (mu-g/L) levels of VOCs. A Keck helical rotor submersible pump was used to collect samples at the surface for analysis by purge and trap (P&T) and for analysis by adsorption/thermal desorption (ATD). Downhole samples were collected by passing water through an ATD cartridge. Although slight spontaneous bubble outgassing occurred when the water was brought to the surface, the relative precisions and comparabilities of the surface and downhole methods were generally found to be equivalent from a statistical point of view. A main conclusion of this study is that bringing sample water to the surface for placement in VOC vials (and subsequent analysis by P&T) can be done reliably under many circumstances. However, care must still be taken to prevent adsorption losses and cross contamination. Samples subject to strong bubble outgassing will need to be handled in a special fashion (e.g., by downhole ATD) to minimize volatilization losses. Additionally, the higher sensitivity of the ATD method allows lower detection limits than are possible with P&T. For example, several compounds present at the ng/L level could be determined with confidence by ATD, but not by P&T.

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Exploring nutritional supplement use for countering respiratory tract infections through an X (formerly Twitter)-based survey

Current Research in Biotechnology

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Current research in Biotechnology 2025年 9卷

作者： Singla, Rajeev K. Mondal, Himel Singla, Shailja De, Ronita Behzad, Sahar Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru Sai Chandragiri, Siva Cenanovic, Merisa Patra, Jayanta Kumar Depew, Jennifer R. Boyina, Hemanth Kumar Maigoro, Abdulkadir Yusif Lee, Soojin Atrooz, Omar M. Das, Gitishree Schultz, Fabien Abdallah, Emad Mohamed Chopra, Hitesh Ahmad, Jamil Gautam, Rupesh K. Patnaik, Sourav S. Goh, Bey Hing Babiaka, Smith B. Vats, Sharad Okoh, Michael P. Ahmed, Atallah F. Dubey, Ankit Kumar Lordan, Ronan Subramani, Parasuraman Aiya Singh, Amit Kumar Alvarez-Suarez, José M. Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar Paswan, Shravan Kumar Semwal, Prabhakar Khan, Johra Sheshe, Sadeeq Sethiya, Neeraj Kumar Karpiński, Tomasz M. Riaz, Muhammad Emam-Djomeh, Zahra Gupta, Girish Kumar Madaan, Reecha Kumar, Suresh Choudhary, Neeraj Parisi, Salvatore Willschke, Harald Pirgozliev, Vasil Rayan, Rehab A. Ritschl, Valentin Mondal, Shaikat Zengin, Gokhan Verma, Pritt Kapoor, Bhupinder Gulati, Monica Balla, Gareeballah Osman Adam Le, Dan Khoa Pittalà, Valeria El-Demerdash, Amr Khalid, Garba M. Simal-Gandara, Jesus Alzahrani, Qushmua E. Russo, Gian Luigi Kharat, Kiran R. Bishayee, Anupam Wang, Dongdong Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan Ullah, Hammad Heinrich, Michael Baral, Bikash Tzvetkov, Nikolay T. Yeung, Andy Wai Kan Dias-Ferreira, João M.L. Olea, Scarlett Perez Mohanta, Yugal Kishore Kureshi, Azazahemad A. Supuran, Claudiu T. Rani, Neeraj Gundamaraju, Rohit Mulholland, Eoghan Joseph Lonardo, Sara Di Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T. González-Burgos, Elena Hritcu, Lucian Badhe, Pravin Singh, Abhilasha Al-Rimawi, Fuad Sureda, Antoni Abiri, Rambod Braidy, Nady Kapral, Lorenz Abdullahi, A.N. Medina, Christhian Delfino Villanueva Sheridan, Helen Lucarini, Massimo Durazzo, Alessandra Giampieri, Francesca Barreca, Davide Maria, Witkowska Anna Andrade, José Carlos Fimognari, Carmela Akram, Faizan Tikhonov, Aleksei Battino, Maurizio Oladipupo, Akolade R. Emerald, Mila Efferth, Thomas Amrani, Said Echeverría, Javier Maria Louka, Anna Tripathi, Surya Kant Fiebich, Bernd L. Es-Safi, Nour Eddine Khan Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China Department of Physiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jharkhand Deoghar India iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation New Delhi India Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran Department of Hematology Center for Clinical and Basic Research (CCBR Clinic) Bucharest Romania Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology Romanian Academy Bucharest Romania Department of Pathology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK United States Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences Dongguk University-Seoul Goyang-Si South Korea United States University Institute of Pharma Sciences Chandigarh University Punjab Mohali 140413 India Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 South Korea Department of Biological Sciences Mutah University Jordan Ethnopharmacology & Zoopharmacognosy Research Group Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences Germany Department of Biology College of Science Qassim University Buraydah 51452 Saudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Tamil Nadu Chennai 602105 India Department of Human Nutrition The University of Agriculture Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120 Pakistan Department of Pharmacology Indore Institute of Pharmacy IIST Campus Rau (M.P.) Indore 453331 India The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX United States Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMDC) School of Medical and Life Sciences Sunway University S

Background: Respiratory tract infections are a common health issue, driving interest in preventive strategies like nutritional supplements, while evidence on their usage and effectiveness remains limited. In this context, social media platforms, particularly X (formerly Twitter), provide a unique opportunity to gather large-scale public health-related data. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to survey participants’ uses and opinions on nutritional supplements in prevention or treatment of respiratory tract infections, by using X. Methods: A survey was conducted between 1st and 15th December 2022. A single open-ended question “Which are the best dietary supplements to counteract respiratory infections?“ was asked. One week after the start of the survey, a poll was posted to get more relevant information and boost the survey's reach. Total endorsements were calculated for each tweet posted as the total sum of replies, retweets, and likes. Results: The open-ended question received a total of 118 retweets, 39 quotes, and 371 likes, while the poll received 56 retweets, 13 quotes, and 67 likes. A total of 495 replies, 2,251 retweets, 5,118 likes, and 148 quotes were received for the question and its related tweets. Vitamin D (1,607 endorsements), zinc (1,347 endorsements), vitamin C (803 endorsements), magnesium (694 endorsements), and honey (661 endorsements) were the nutritional supplements that received most endorsements. Conclusion: Various foods, drinks, and natural ingredients have been suggested as potentially helpful for counteracting respiratory infections. Approximately half of respondents indicated using such supplements for themselves. The result of this study supports the idea that the X platform can be used as an effective survey tool to study global health-related behaviours and trends. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Bacteria COVID-19 Nutritional supplements Phytomedicine Respiratory tract infections X (formerly Twitter)

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Sustainable Slow-Pyrolysis Simulation of 12 Lignocellulosic Bio-wastes: CO2 Emission, Energy, and Water Consumption

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2022年第1期952卷

作者： D Zalazar-Garcia A Fernandez L Rodriguez-Ortiz R Rodriguez G Mazza Chemical Engineering Institute Faculty of Engineering National University of San Juan. Research Group associated with PROBIEN Institute. 1109 Av. Libertador San Martín (O) St. J5400ARL San Juan Argentina Institute for Research and Development in Process Engineering Biotechnology and Alternative Energies (PROBIEN CONICET – National University of Comahue) 1400 Buenos Aires St. 8300 Neuquén Argentina

The development and increase of the agro-industrial activity generate bio-waste that represents significant quantities and causes environmental impacts, as residual effluents and solid wastes. These bio-wastes can be converted into different products through the pyrolysis processes (biochar, bio-oil, and gas). In this work, the pyrolysis at 673, 773, and 873 K of 12 types of bio-waste characterized by their elemental composition was assessed through the simulation process. Cape Open to Cape Open Simulator (COCO) free software was used in simulations. Thus, the biochar, bio-oil, and gas yields were predicted. Also, the energy, water consumption, and CO2 emission were calculated for each type of bio-waste. The marc and the stalk of white grape presented the highest biochar and bio-oil yields (30.7 and 53.1 %wt) at 673 K. The pistachio green shell presented the highest gas yield, 53.7 %wt at 873 K. The maximum energy consumption and CO2 emissions founded were 13.72 kWh and 3.72 kg/h for the stalk of white grape at 873 K respectively, while the lowest energy consumption and CO2 emission were 9.22 kWh and 2.31 kg/h for plum pits at 773 K respectively. The highest water consumption was 25.86 kg/h for the stalk of red grape at 773 K, while the lowest value was 14.30 kg/h for plum pits at 773 K.

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