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International Conference on Advanced Materials, Structures and Mechanical engineering, ICAMSME 2015

作者： Kantama, A. Narataruksa, P. Prapainainar, C. Hunpinyo, P. Department of Chemical Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Research and Development Centre for Chemical Engineering Unit Operation and Catalyst Design King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Chemical Process Engineering Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Rayong Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781138027930

In this study, economic evaluation of renewable liquid hydrocarbon production, in Thailand, from fatty acid methyl ester, FAME, is studied. The production of liquid hydrocarbons or bio hydrogenated diesel, BHD, is processed via hydro-conversion, in a capacity of 180 tonne/day of FAME by using chemical process simulation software. The main products are alkane hydrocarbons, C1–C18, and are categorized as light gas, naphtha and diesel. Techno-economic evaluation of BHD production is carried out and it is found that total capital investment is 63.460 million USD. With the project life of 15 years, the acceptable BHD price is 1.22 USD/L providing a conventional payback period of 7.2 years and a return on investment of 10%, which normally referred to as a minimum acceptance in chemical process industry. The selling price of BHD must be increased to 1.135 and 1.391 USD/L if the investment attractiveness is changed to obtain the payback period of 10 and 5 years, respectively. Finally, the sensitivity analysis to determine the effect of FAME cost, hydrogen cost, operating cost and purchased equipment cost on BHD price is performed. © 2016 Taylor & Francis group, London.

关键词： Computer software

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development of decontamination of fly ash and solidification method for Cs adsorbents

Development of decontamination of fly ash and solidification...

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International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants: Nuclear Power - A Safe and Sustainable Choice for Green Future, ICAPP 2013, Held with the 28th KAIF/KNS Annual Conference

作者： Miyamoto, Shinya Matsuyama, Kanae Sugimori, Toshiaki Oomura, Hisao Chiba, Satoru Aoi, Hiromi Saso, Michitaka Power and Industrial Systems Research and Development Center Nuclear Chemical System and Process R and D Dept Toshiba Corporation Japan Isogo Nuclear Engineering Center Chemical System Design and Engineering Dept Toshiba Corporation 4-1 Ukishima-cho Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa-ken Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781632660381

Fly ash from waste incineration plant around Fukushima in Japan is contaminated by radioactive cesium because of the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant accident. It is known that the fly ash can be decontaminated by water, but liquid phase after decontamination includes radioactive cesium with fly ash components (NaCl, KCl and so on). To remove radioactive cesium from liquid phase, mordenite type zeolite and ferric ferrocyanide adsorbent were examined to obtain their distribution coefficients. Distribution coefficient values of mordenite type zeolite and ferric ferrocyanide absrobent from eluate of liquid/solid = 20 were about 1.9×103 and 6.0×105 ml/g, respectively. Solidification tests of cesium adsorbents were examined for the stabilization. We could confirm the best composition for cesium adsorbents by pelletizing. For prevention to leach of cyanide ion from ferric ferrocyanide adsorbent to ground water after disposal, we used phosphate magnesium solidified material or ordinary portland cement for solidification and hydrotalcite for anion adsorbent if cyanide ion was leached.

关键词： Liquids

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Detection of onset of agglomeration in a bubbling fluidized bed biomass combustor using reactive Eulerian computational fluid dynamics

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 504-515页

作者： Abdullah Tasleem Atta Ullah Fei Li Qun Yi William Nimmo Syed Sheraz Daood Department of Chemical Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(PIEAS)Lehtrar RoadP.O.Nilore45650IslamabadPakistan Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430205China Energy Engineering Group Energy 2050Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS37RDUnited Kingdom Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering Faculty of ElectricalEnergy&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan Energy Engineering Research and Development Centre Faculty of ElectricalEnergy&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan

The choice of a type of combustion technology to be used for heat or power generation depends on economic,technical,operational and fuel availability *** benefits associated with the evolving market driven by the fluidised bed combustion(FBC)technology cannot be overlooked especially when gauged at 65 GWth of worldwide installed capacity alongside added benefits of handling fuel variation,low pollutant emissions and high combustion *** or biomass waste will continue to have a vital role to play in the future FBC technology-based power *** often contains high levels of inorganic species that can form sticky agglomerates posing a significant risk to boiler operation resulting in unscheduled *** added complexity of the behaviour of the fuel and bed material mix highlights the requirement for simulation models to identify agglomeration to help improve the overall performance and reliability of FBC *** resolve this problem,this research devised a simulation strategy for the detection of agglomeration using the Eulerian–Eulerian *** developed modelling strategy is validated with the experimental data available in literature for two-dimensional simplified geometry of a pilot-scale fluidised bed *** model results were found promising and robust to predict bed defluidisation times and other parameters consistent with the experimental data.

关键词： Fluidized bed combustion Eulerian Models Biomass Agglomeration Defluidisation

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Human-computer system dependability 21st

Human-computer system dependability

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21st International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, SAFECOMP 2002

作者： Bologna, Sandro Hollnagel, Erik Bartlett, Christopher Bezecny, Helmut Gran, Bjørn Axel De Luca, Dino Pavard, Bernard Rutgers, Job Capability Management Group Bae Systems United Kingdom Global Process Automation Safety Technology Leaderî Dow Chemical Stade Germany OECD Halden Reactor Project Norway Cognitive Engineering Research Group Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France Strategic Design Team Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)3540441573

The intention of this cross-conference session is to bringtogether specialists of cognitive technologies and ergonomics, with software developers, dependability specialists and, especially, endusers. The objective of the session is to provide a forum for the sharingof practical experiences and research results related to safety and depend ability of human-computer systems. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： Ergonomics

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Pilot-scale biohydrogen production from Napier grass and oil palm frond: Comparison of SSF and pre-HF processes and the influence of trace metal supplementation on taxonomic and enzymatic profiles

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2025年

作者： Khaliyah Sani Nantharat Wongfaed Wei-Cheng Wang Shuheng Zhao Peer Mohamed Abdul Alissara Reungsang Sureewan Sittijunda Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Technology Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO) Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia Academy of Science Royal Society of Thailand Bangkok 10300 Thailand

This research aimed to develop a prototype process for hydrogen production from Napier grass (NG) and oil palm frond (OPF). First, biohydrogen production was investigated in batch experiments using either the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process or the pre-hydrolysis and fermentation (pre-HF) process under different NG to OPF ratios. The proportions of NG:OPF of 2.5:7.5, 5.0:5.0, and 7.5:2.5 g-VS/L were tested in both SSF and pre-HF. The results showed that the proportion of NG:OPF of 5.0:5.0 g-VS/L (ratio of 1:1) had the highest hydrogen production in both the SSF and pre-HF processes, with hydrogen production of 370 ± 21 mL-H 2 /L and 993 ± 64 mL-H 2 /L, respectively. Among these, pre-HF showed higher performance. Next, a semi-continuous experiment in a 100 L continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with a pre-HF process and NG:OPF of 5.0:5.0 g-VS/L at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 4 and 3 days, with and without trace metal supplementation, was conducted. The highest hydrogen yield, 50.1 ± 3.4 mL-H 2 /g-VS, was found at an HRT of 3 days with trace metal supplementation. Key microbes, including Lactococcus sp., Bacteroides sp., Dysgonomonas sp., and Enterobacter sp., showed increased abundance, improving hydrogen production from NG and OPF. The addition of trace elements significantly altered essential enzymes like 6-phosphofructokinase, which is crucial for forming pyruvate in hydrogen production. The medium-based economic analysis revealed that the pre-HF process with trace elements resulted in an overall hydrogen production of 9.32 m 3 , an improvement of 16.6 % compared to the 7.99 m 3 obtained under pre-HF without adding trace elements. Consequently, the Economic Yield (EY) of pre-HF without trace element addition was 0.030 USD-H 2 /USD-medium, which was enhanced to 0.035 USD-H 2 /USD-medium by adding trace elements.

关键词： Dark fermentation Zero-waste concept Submerged fermentation Metagenomic analysis Medium-based economics

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Distributed component development risk analysis

Distributed component development risk analysis

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2006 ASME International Mechanical engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2006

作者： Leung, Peter Ishii, Kosuke Benson, Jan Abell, Jeffrey Department of Mechanical Engineering Design Group Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-4022 United States Research and Development Center General Motors Corporation Warren MI 48090 United States Global Engineering Process General Motors Corporation Warren MI 48090 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0791837904

This paper describes a method to identify and to evaluate the risks associated with task transfer in a globally distributed engineering environment. Enterprises realize the importance of global worksharing to include diverse customer values into product, but this paradigm also introduces challenges in product development. Industry-wide interviews reveal workshare risks are at two levels: system and component. This paper presents a three-step risk analysis to 1.) characterize product development work tasks, 2.) define Distributed Component development Risk based on historical rework data, and 3.) evaluate workshare scenarios for the task transfer plan. Three interior vehicle components illustrate the steps of the risk analysis, and the findings indicate most rework happens at the system-level design stage while the discovery of these errors occurs during validation and manufacturing. As a result, the transfer of these tasks leads to high likelihood of rework. Currently, this method is applying in actual global automotive programs for validations. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Submerged type incinerator heat recovery by fluidised bed heat exchanger

Submerged type incinerator heat recovery by fluidised bed he...

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CHISA 2006 - 17th International Congress of chemical and process engineering

作者： Hirata, Kentaro Kolar, Petr Nakazato, Tsutomu Hui, Chi-Wai Kato, Kunio Process Development and Design Laboratory MCC-Group Mitsubishi Chemical Corp. 1 Toho-cho Yokkaichi Mie 510-8530 Japan Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho Kiryu 376-8515 Japan Chemical Engineering Department Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)8086059456

At chemical processing plants, incinerators that burn wastewater and waste oil generate a great deal of heat that should be recovered. However, this high-temperature waste gas contains metal and inorganic compounds in melting or solid phases creates serious scaling problem on heat exchanger surfaces if a traditional heat exchanger were used for recovering the waste heat. In this study, a fluidized bed heat exchanger has been developed in which the tube surface of the heat exchanger could be cleaned automatically during the operation. The basic operating conditions, sizing of the equipment and other design issues have been considered based on powder particle fluidized bed concept. This paper describes the development process of the technology.

关键词： Heat exchangers

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Modeling and simulation of ultra-fine grinding of alumina in a planetary ball mill

Modeling and simulation of ultra-fine grinding of alumina in...

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26th International Mineral processing Congress, IMPC 2012: Innovative processing for Sustainable Growth

作者： Buddhiraju, V. Maheshwari, S. Rai, B. Moys, M. Runkana, V. Tata Research Development and Design Centre Process Engineering Innovation Laboratory Division of Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate Pune - 411013 India School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering University of Witwatersrand P Bag 3 Wits 2050 South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)8190171437

Liberation of valuable minerals from low-grade ores is an important challenge faced by the minerals industry. It is necessary to grind the ore to extremely fine size in order to liberate the mineral from such ores. As it is generally difficult to produce ultra-fine particles of diameter less than 1-10 mm using traditional grinding equipment such as the ball mill and the rod mill, several new types of grinding equipment are being explored to produce ultra-fine particles. The planetary ball mill is promising in that it makes grinding to submicron sizes possible by imparting high energy to the ground powder. It consists of four pots mounted on a disc. The pots and the disc rotate in opposite directions. The high-speed rotation of the pots and the disc makes the grinding media move at high centrifugal velocities leading to high impact energy and thus improving the grinding performance. The planetary mill is currently being explored for its capability to produce ultra-fine particles on a large scale. In this context, there is a need to understand the dynamics of the ultra-fine grinding process within the planetary ball mill. Here, we address this need by studying the movement of media inside the pots and the grinding kinetics, employing both experimental and modeling techniques. The experiments were conducted on a laboratory scale planetary ball mill. The particle size distribution of the powder was monitored to allow an estimate of the grinding kinetics to be made while video images of the media profiles inside the pots were taken to allow quantification of the media movement as a function of process variables such as the media size, percent loading, etc. The population balance modeling (PBM) framework was used to simulate the kinetics of grinding while the discrete element modeling (DEM) approach was utilized to simulate the media motion. The parameters in the population balance model, namely, the specific breakage rate and the breakage distribution function were deter

关键词： Grinding (machining)

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CREATIVE WAYS OF REVAMPING NH3 PLANTS CAN IMPROVE PROFITABILITY.

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Plant/operations progress 1984年第2期3卷 101-107页

作者： Wang, Shoou-I Patel, Nitin M. Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Allentown Pa. 18105 Shoou-I Wang:is Manager of Hydrogen and Syngas Section Process Engineering Air Products & Chemicals Inc. Allentown Pa. He is responsible for high temperature process design activities on hydrogen carbon monoxide ammonia and methanol plants. He is also program manager for research and development in the hydrogen and carbon monoxide areas. He received a BS from Chung-Yuan University and an MS and PhD from Montana State University all in chemical engineering. Nitin M. Patel:is principal process engineer with Air Products & Chemicals Inc. Allentown Pa. He is responsible for high temperature process design/optimization activities regarding hydrogen carbon monoxide and ammonia plants. He received his BS from University of Baroda and his MS from Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) both in chemical engineering.

High energy costs have created a need to revamp existing ammonia plants to reduce the overall energy consumption per unit ton of production. This paper discusses the Air Products and chemicals, Inc. (APCI) NH//3 plant bottlenecks and shares some successful experience in revamping to overcome bottlenecks associated with capacity expansion, and overall performance efficiency/reliability improvements.

关键词： AMMONIA

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Effect of binder ratio on granule strength, dissolution and structure

Effect of binder ratio on granule strength, dissolution and ...

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2006 AIChE Spring National Meeting - 5th World Congress on Particle Technology

作者： Gabbott, I.P. Barrera-Medrano, D. Reynolds, G.K. Bonsall, J. Hounslow, M.J. Salman, A.D. Particle Products Group Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Sheffield Mappin Street Sheffield SI 3JD United Kingdom Unilever Research and Development Port Sunlight Quarry Road East Bebington Wirral CH63 3 JW United Kingdom

Work on a system using calcium carbonate powder and polyethylene glycol binders in high shear granulation has shown that in general a trade-offline exists between the compression strength of granules and their dissolution rate. In this work the effect of binder ratio on granule strength, dissolution, composition and structure is discussed. The strength of granules was found to increase with increasing binder-to-solids ratio (10 to 14%), while the dissolution rate was found to decrease, along with the average granule binder content. This is thought to be the result of increased granule consolidation with increasing binder ratio, brought about by increased lubrication between the powder particles. This is supported by structure analysis using x-ray tomography imaging and optical microscopy. Both methods show that there is a clear increase in the level of PEG binder available at the granule periphery. Granules made with high binder ratios (16%) were found to be much more variable in their characteristics and properties.

关键词： Binders

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