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Dual-Band Electrochromic Smart Window for Dynamic Switching Between Radiative Cooling and Solar Heating

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 2025年 e04483页

作者： Xinyu Zhao Qixiang Chen Fan Fan Qiliang Wang Yuehong Su Minsu Liu Fahua Zhu Dongliang Zhao School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210096 China. Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK. ARC Research Hub for Smart Process Design and Control Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia. State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Smart Coal-fired Power Generation and Ultra-clean Emission China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210023 China. Institute of Science and Technology for Carbon Neutrality Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China. Institute for Carbon Neutral Development Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210096 China.

Electrochromic smart windows can actively modulate their reversible transition between transparent and opaque states, adapting to varying climatic conditions and thereby offering a sustainable solution for energy-efficient buildings. However, the operational range of current electrochromic smart windows is mostly limited to the solar spectrum. Expanding this range into the mid-infrared spectrum could significantly enhance their energy-saving capabilities. In this study, a dynamic electrochromic (EC) glass that integrates silver electrodeposition/dissolution with mechanical flipping of the glass panel is designed. This design enables bidirectional dynamic modulation of both the solar spectrum (0.3-2.5 µm) and mid-infrared spectrum (2.5-20 µm), with solar reflectance varying between 87.9% and 19.9%, and mid-infrared emissivity varying between 90.6% and 10.8%. Consequently, the EC glass can dynamically switch between radiative cooling and solar heating modes. The simulation results show that the architectural application of this EC glass, with climate-specific operating modes, can achieve a maximum of over 50% annual heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy savings, contributing to carbon neutrality and sustainable development.

关键词： dual‐band regulation electrochromic radiative cooling silver solar heating

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Approximate Bayesian Computation in Parameter Estimation of Building Energy Models 11th

Approximate Bayesian Computation in Parameter Estimation of ...

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11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, ISHVAC 2019

作者： Zhu, ChuanQi Tian, Wei de Wilde, Pieter Yin, Baoquan College of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin300222 China Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Low-Carbon Green Process Equipment Tianjin300222 China Chair of Building Performance Analysis Environmental Building Group University of Plymouth PlymouthDevonPL4 8AA United Kingdom Tianjin Architecture Design Institute Tianjin300074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811395277

Model calibration is a necessary step to create reliable energy models in building retrofit. Bayesian computation in model calibration has attracted more attention because it can make full use of prior knowledge on building parameters. However, the likelihood function is hard to be computed in Bayesian computation due to the complexity of building energy simulation models. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is a likelihood-free method to infer unknown parameters in complicated computational models by approximating the likelihood function with simulation. The ABC method is inherently computationally intensive since a large number of simulation runs are required to find reliable inferred values. This paper proposes a method for combining the ABC technique and the machine-learning method to compute unknown parameters in parameter estimation of building energy models. The results show that this method can provide reliable estimations of unknown parameters when calibrating building energy models. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Parameter estimation

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Economic evaluation of hydroconversion of fatty acid methyl ester into renewable liquid hydrocarbons

Economic evaluation of hydroconversion of fatty acid methyl ...

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The 2015 International Conference on Advanced Materials,Structures and Mechanical engineering(ICAMSME 2015)

作者： A.Kantama P.Narataruksa C.Prapainainar P.Hunpinyo Department of Chemical Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Research and Development Centre for Chemical Engineering Unit Operation and Catalyst Design King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Department of Chemical Process Engineering Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus)

In this study,economic evaluation of renewable liquid hydrocarbon production,in Thailand,from fatty acid methyl ester,FAME,is *** production of liquid hydrocarbon,BHD,is processed via hydroconversion,hydrodeoxygenation,in a capacity of 180 tonne/day of *** main products are alkane hydrocarbon C1–C18 and are categorized as light gas,naphtha and ***-economic evaluation of the production is carried out and it is found that total capital investment is 63.460 million *** acceptable BHD price is 1.22 USD/L giving return on investment of 10% and conventional payback period of 5.4 *** sensitivity analysis is performed by changing economic factors:FAME price,hydrogen price,operating cost and purchased equipment *** is found that the BHD price is highly sensitive to FAME prices,operating cost and purchased equipment cost,but slightly affected by hydrogen price.

关键词： Economic evaluation of hydroconversion of fatty acid methyl ester into renewable liquid hydrocarbons

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Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Cymbopogon citratus extract and sodium carbonate salt: Nanotoxicological considerations for potential environmental applications

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Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management 2020年 14卷

作者： Patiño-Ruiz, David Sánchez-Botero, Lina Tejeda-Benitez, Lesly Hinestroza, Juan Herrera, Adriana Engineering Doctorate Program Nanomaterials and Computer-Aided Process Engineering Research Group Universidad de Cartagena Cartagena 130010 Colombia Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design Cornell University Ithaca United States Chemical Engineering Program Nanomaterials and Computer-Aided Process Engineering Research Group Universidad de Cartagena Cartagena 130010 Colombia

Synthesis of functional and biocompatible nanomaterials, based on the green chemistry paradigm, aims to innovate by using environmentally friendly techniques. Green synthesis using natural extracts instead of chemicals is proving to be an efficient route to prepare metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. In this study, the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) is reported, using a Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) extract and sodium carbonate as the reducing and pH stabilizer agents, respectively. FeO-NPs are extensively studied and applied due to the exceptional physicochemical properties, outstanding the superparamagnetism, and the large surface area. These properties are corroborated using different characterization techniques, in which a regular crystal structure and the magnetic response are similar compared with FeO-NPs synthesized via the traditional methods. The presence of magnetite and maghemite (Fe₃O₄ and γ-Fe₂O₃) phases are evidenced. A major composition of Fe₃O₄ allows predominant superparamagnetism. However, surface functionalization reduces the spin coordination avoiding a high saturation magnetization. The presence of phytochemical content in the C. citratus allows the reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) using H⁺ radicals produced from hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, and the in-situ functionalization using these groups. Additionally, the biocompatibility of the FeO-NPs is evaluated performing a nanotoxicological assessment, in which Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes are used as the biological model. The presence of organic molecules on FeO-NPs promotes no toxicity and low effects on the locomotion, growth, and reproduction, suggesting a low risk using these functional nanoparticles for environmental applications, and outstanding the synthesis route with a green approach. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Caenorhabditis elegans Cymbopogon citratus extract Ecotoxicological effects FeO nanoparticles Green synthesis Sodium carbonate

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Economic potential of diesel-like renewable fuel production from byproduct of palm oil refining process

Economic potential of diesel-like renewable fuel production ...

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The 2015 International Conference on Advanced Materials,Structures and Mechanical engineering(ICAMSME 2015)

作者： A.Kantama C.Prapainainar P.Narataruksa P.Hunpinyo Department of Chemical Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Research and Development Centre for Chemical Engineering Unit Operation and Catalyst Design King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Department of Chemical Process Engineering Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus)

In this work,economic potential of diesel-like renewable fuel or bio-hydrogenated diesel(BHD) production from palm fatty acid distillate(PFAD),a by-product from palm oil refining process,was *** block flow diagrams for BHD production from different potential raw materials were ***,BHD production from PFAD was focused and studied on a chemical process simulation *** capacity of 50 tonne per day of PFAD feed was a case study as it was the potential feed capacity from an existing refining palm oil plant in *** was found that,when sold at Thailand retail price,PFAD to BHD has the potential of gaining 9.37% higher revenue than directly sold PFAD as a feedstock to other industries.

关键词： Economic potential of diesel-like renewable fuel production from byproduct of palm oil refining process

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Kinetic modelling on CI acid blue-113 dye degradation by acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitations

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International Journal of Environmental engineering 2013年第2期5卷 208-227页

作者： Rai, Chockalingam Lajapathi Raghav, Madhumitha Surianarayanan, Mahadevan Sreenivas, Vemulapalli Process Development and Scale-up Group Chemical Engineering Division Central Leather Research Institute Adyar Chennai - 600 020 India Chemical Engineering Division Central Leather Research Institute Adyar Chennai - 600 020 India Cell for Industrial Safety and Risk Analysis Chemical Engineering Division Central Leather Research Institute Adyar Chennai - 600 020 India

The objective is to study the effect of certain parameters on the degradation rate of the dye CI acid blue 113 by cavitation processes. Kinetic models have been developed and validated for ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation treatment with hydrogen peroxide to enhance oxidation. The magnitude of effect of the reaction parameters in acoustic cavitation for geometric ratio, pH, ultrasonic density, initial dye concentration and hydrogen peroxide concentration were -0.4370, -1.2455, 0.1140, -0.3741 and 0.2788. In the case of hydrodynamic cavitation, values for initial dye concentration, pH, inlet pressure, power density and hydrogen peroxide concentration were -0.2562, -0.1494, 0.4556, 0.4807 and 0.1681. Finally, the energy efficiencies of the two processes have been compared. Hydrodynamic cavitation was found to be energy efficient than acoustic cavitation. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Oxidation

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Corrigendum to “Selective crystallisation of a chiral compound-forming system—Solvent screening, SLE determination and process design” by Henning Kaemmerer et al. [Fluid Phase Equilibr. 296 (2010) 192–205]

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Fluid Phase Equilibria 2011年第1期307卷 110-112页

作者： Henning Kaemmerer Ronald Zinke Heike Lorenz Matthew J. Jones Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern Matthias Stein Chemical Process Engineering Institute for Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke University P.O. Box 4120 39016 Magdeburg Germany Molecular Simulations and Design Group Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Sandtorstraße 1 39106 Magdeburg Germany Physical and Chemical Foundations of Process Engineering Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Sandtorstraße 1 39106 Magdeburg Germany AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje Pharmaceutical Development 15185 Södertälje Sweden

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Sensitivity Analysis of Building Energy Performance Assessment Based on Machine-Learning Models 11th

Sensitivity Analysis of Building Energy Performance Assessme...

引用

11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, ISHVAC 2019

作者： Tian, Wei Shi, Jiaxin de Wilde, Pieter Sun, Yu Zhu, Chuanqi Yin, Baoquan College of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin300222 China Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Center of Low-Carbon Green Process Equipment Tianjin300222 China Chair of Building Performance Analysis Environmental Building Group University of Plymouth PlymouthDevonPL4 8AA United Kingdom School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150000 China Tianjin Architecture Design Institute Tianjin300074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811395277

Variance-based sensitivity analysis in combination with machine-learning techniques has been increasingly applied in energy analysis of buildings in order to reduce computational cost of running a large number of energy models with sufficient accuracy. This paper compares the performance of two sensitivity analysis methods based on machine-learning models for building energy assessment: multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and Cubist (CB). An office building located in Tianjin, China, is used as a case study with the EnergyPlus simulation program, to study the characteristics of these two sensitivity analysis methods. The results indicate that sufficient sample number is required to obtain reliable sensitivity analysis results in building energy assessment and subsequent HVAC system design and sizing. It is recommended to use at least two machine-learning models for variance-based sensitivity methods to allow the comparison of ranking results. The consistency of results from these learning methods should be thoroughly checked since the parameters in tuning these machine-learning models have significant influences on ranking results. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Failure analysis system for submicron semiconductor devices

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Hitachi Review 2006年第2期55卷 68-72页

作者： Fukui, Munetoshi Mitsui, Yasuhiro Nara, Yasuhiko Yano, Fumiko Furukawa, Takashi Application Technology Department Advanced Equipment and Systems Sales Division Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Advanced Microscope Systems Design Department Nanotechnology Products Business Group Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Failure Analysis Technology Group Process and Device Analysis Engineering Development Department Renesas Technology Corp. Advanced Technology Research Department Central Research Laboratory

Failure analysis of semiconductor device is becoming increasingly difficult as VLSI technology evolves toward smaller features and semiconductor device structures become more complex. Especially considering that the defective area obtained through diagnosis pin-pointing faulty sites is not the same size as the area subjected to physical analysis, and this disparity becomes more pronounced as feature sizes shrink. This prompted us to develop an extremely fine scaled SEM mechanical probing system permitting identification of minute fault sites. The development involved a number of related projects including investigation of a precision probe and stage mechanism that can deal with submicron semiconductor devices, a six-probe mechanism for expanded capabilities of performing inverter measurements and precision single transistor measurements, a probe and sample exchange mechanism that works while under vacuum to achieve high throughput, and a robust CAD navigation system. The system is now ready and available for practical application to 65-nm feature devices, and can be readily adapted to at least the next couple of generation nodes.

关键词： Failure analysis

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Synthesis and thermal stabilizing effect on polyvinyl chloride of calcium/zinc carboxylate from palm fatty acid distillate: Effect of metal to fatty acid ratio

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3073卷

作者： I. Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan Nadya Amalia Pratiwi Nento Adli Azharuddin Antonius Indarto Dendy Adityawarman Chemical Engineering Product Design and Development Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Master Program in Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Chemical Reaction Technology and Catalysis Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has many applications in construction, such as pipes, floors, roofs, walls, frames, and cables. Since it is easily degraded by heat, a heat stabilizer must be added to the PVC resin before it is molded into final products. Mixed calcium/zinc carboxylate has become a popular PVC thermal stabilizer since it is more friendly than the conventional lead base thermal stabilizers and is relatively inexpensive. This research aims to investigate the synthesis and assess the effectiveness of a mixed calcium/zinc thermal stabilizer in stabilizing PVC. The stabilizer was prepared from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), and different metal salt-to-fatty acid molar ratios were employed for the study. The synthesis was carried out by a metathesis method at 10% deficiency, stoichiometric, and 10% excess of metal salt-to-fatty acid molar ratio. The stabilizing effects of the obtained metal carboxylates as mixed metal thermal stabilizers have also been evaluated by standard thermal stability tests. The calcium and zinc carboxylates prepared at a 10% deficiency were found to have high pHs and lower metal contents than those at stoichiometric molar ratios due to the presence of residual sodium soap. Their thermal stabilizing effects on PVC are also worst when prepared at a deficient metal salt-to-fatty acid molar ratio. Increasing the metal-to-fatty acid molar ratio above the stoichiometric requirement lowers the thermal stabilizing effect of zinc carboxylate but has little influence on the thermal stabilizing effect of calcium carboxylate obtained. Synthesis at stoichiometric metal salt-to-fatty acid molar ratios is recommended for preparing calcium and zinc carboxylates as mixed metal PVC thermal stabilizers.

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