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Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) a novel approach to waste elimination aboard ships

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2006年第3期118卷 139-150页

作者： Kaldas, Aida Picard, Isabelle Chronopoulos, Christos Chevalier, Philippe Carabin, Pierre Holcroft, Gillian Alexander, Gary Spezio, Joseph Mann, Jim Molintas, Henry AIDA KALDAS Eng. is the principal author and Technical Manager at PyroGenesis Inc. She is currently leading the process development team of the Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System for applications on board ships. She holds a Bachelor in Chemical Engineering from Cairo University and a Masters in Engineering Science from the University of Western Ontario. She is a member of “l'Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec” since 1981. Prior to joining PyroGenesis Inc. Mrs. Kaldas has led several development programs working for Orica (formally ICI Explosives)for over 20 years. Her areas of expertise include process optimization and debottlenecking process modeling and particles processing. ISABELLE PICARD ENG. is a Product Development Engineer at PyroGenesis Inc. She is currently part of the process development team of the Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System for applications on board ships. She holds a Bachelor in Chemical Engineering from “école Polytechnique de Montréal”. She is a member of “l'Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec” since 1995. Prior to joining PyroGenesis Inc. Mrs. Picard has worked as project leader for several development project related to natural gas applications working for The Natural Gas Technologies Center and as Product Development Engineer for the fuel cell industry working for H Power Canada inc. Her areas of expertise include process development and optimization system integration and equipment sizing. CHRISTOS CHRONOPOULOS Eng. is presently a Product Development Engineer at PyroGenesis Inc. Over the last two years Mr. Chronopoulos has worked on the design and development processes for the treatment of all types of wastes. Prior to joining PyroGenesis Inc. Mr. Chronopoulos worked on process engineering and process development in the Fuel Cell industry for a period of two years and also in the Electronic Plating industry for 4 years. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from Sherbrooke University. He is a member of “l'Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec”. PHILIPPE CHEVALIER Eng. is the

The Plasma Arc Waste Destruction System (PAWDS) uses plasma energy, with temperatures over 5,000 degrees C, to rapidly and efficiently destroy combustible waste aboard ships. PAWDS has proven itself to be a viable alternative to traditional incinerators. >> In September 2003, Carnival Cruise Lines were the first to install a PAWDS aboard their 2,056 passenger (plus 1,000 crew members) capacity, M/S Fantasy cruise ship, to treat ship waste including paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, wood, and food. As of June 2004, it is being operated and maintained solely by Carnival Cruise Lines personnel and has been permitted to operate in port by the Bahamian port authorities. >> The Navy's next generation aircraft carrier, CVN 21, will be equipped with two FAWDS to process all of the non-food combustible solid waste generated with sufficient system redundancy. The US Navy has been jointly developing the PAWDS with PyroGenesis Inc. over the last 6 years. The development efforts in 2004 and 2005 coupled with lessons learned from operation aboard Carnival's cruise ship have resulted in the identification of additional process and design improvements. Source emission testing by an independent laboratory has also demonstrated that the PAWDS easily meets IMO MARPOL requirements for the destruction of solid waste.

关键词： Waste treatment

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Publisher’s Note: “Polymer-specific effects of bulk relaxation and stringlike correlated motion in the dynamics of a supercooled polymer melt” [J. Chem. Phys. 119, 5290 (2003)]

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The Journal of chemical Physics 2004年第14期120卷 6798-6798页

作者： M. Aichele Y. Gebremichael F. W. Starr J. Baschnagel S. C. Glotzer Institut Charles Sadron 6 rue Boussingault 67083 Strasbourg France Institut für Physik Johannes Gutenberg-Universität 55099 Mainz Germany Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 Chemical Physics Program Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 Center for Theoretical and Computational Materials Science and Polymers Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109

M. Aichele, Y. Gebremichael, F. W. Starr, J. Baschnagel, S. C. Glotzer; Publisher’s Note: “Polymer-specific effects of bulk relaxation and stringlike correlated

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physical Review E 2001年第5期64卷 051503-051503页

作者： Y. Gebremichael T. B. Schrøder F. W. Starr S. C. Glotzer Center for Theoretical and Computational Materials Science and Polymers Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 Chemical Physics Program Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109

In recent years, experimental and computational studies have demonstrated that the dynamics of glass-forming liquids are spatially heterogeneous, exhibiting regions of temporarily enhanced or diminished mobility. Here we present a detailed analysis of dynamical heterogeneity in a simulated “bead-spring” model of a low-molecular-weight polymer melt. We investigate the transient nature and size distribution of clusters of “mobile” chain segments (monomers) as the polymer melt is cooled toward its glass transition. We also explore the dependence of this clustering on the way in which the mobile subset is defined. We show that the mean cluster size is time dependent with a peak at intermediate time, and that the mean cluster size at the peak time grows with decreasing temperature T. We show that for each T a particular fraction of particles maximizes the mean cluster size at some characteristic time, and this fraction depends on T. The growing size of the clusters demonstrates the growing range of correlated motion, previously reported for this same system [C. Beneman et al. Nature (London) 399, 246 (1999)]. The distribution of cluster sizes approaches a power law near the mode-coupling temperature, similar to behavior reported for a simulated binary mixture and a dense colloidal suspension, but with a different exponent. We calculate the correlation length of the clusters, and show that it exhibits similar temperature- and time-dependent behavior as the mean cluster size, with a maximum at intermediate time. We show that the characteristic time of the maximum cluster size follows the scaling predicted by mode-coupling theory (MCT) for the β time scale, revealing a possible connection between spatially heterogeneous dynamics and MCT.

关键词： Organic polymers

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Uniform National Discharge Standards - Overview and implications for future naval engineering

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第3期111卷 219-235页

作者： Kopack, D Smith, G Kim, D Erne, DL David F. Kopack:is a Program Manager in the Naval Sea Systems Command Office of Environmenta1 Protection Occupational Safety and Health SEA 00T. Mr. Kopack received his bachelor and master of science degrees in the physical sciences and management from the University of Maryland. Mr. Kopack has 20 years of experience in ship design and engineering industrial facility operations and program management. Gordon D. Smith:is a Chemical Engineer with the Carderock Division Naval Surface Warfare Center in Bethesda Maryland and is working in the Naval Sea Systems Command Environmental and Auxiliary Systems Group. SEA 03L. Mr. Smith received his bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering from The Ohio State University. He has over 13 years of ronmental issues. In addition to supporting the development of Uniform National Discharge Standards he has been involved in research design testing and development of pollution abatement technologies suitable for use aboard Navy Ships. Don K. Kim:is a Senior Mechanical Engineer with the naval architecture and marine engineering firm of M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. in Arlington Virginia. Mr. Kim received his bachelor of science and master of engineering degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the Commonwealth of Virgina. Mr. Kim has ten years of experience in the design installation maintenance and repair of shipboard mechanical systems equipment and components with specific expertise in compressor pump and fan design and operation. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineer. David L. Erne:is an Associate with Booz Allen and Hamilton Inc. in Arlington Virginia. Mr. Erne received his bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering from the University of Idaho. He has over twelve years of experience in environmental program management and consulting. In addition to his support for the Uniform National Discharge Standards prog

In the Fiscal Year 1996 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress amended the Clean Water Act to provide the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency authority to jointly establish standards for incidental discharges from Armed Forces' vessels. The uniform national standards would apply to discharges from vessels of the Navy, Military Sealift Command, Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard to the navigable waters and contiguous zone of the U.S. and its territories. Uniform National Discharge Standards (UNDS) will require control of discharges, by either a technology or management practice. UNDS will facilitate the Armed Forces' ability to better design and build future vessels to be environmentally sound and to maintain the operational flexibility of Armed Forces' vessels both domestically and internationally. The development of standards for Armed Forces' vessel discharges may have greater impact on naval engineering requirements for future vessels than any other single environmental issue, These standards are expected to stimulate the development of innovative vessel pollution control technologies, which on be used for both Armed Forces' vessels and commercial shipping vessels. This paper provides an overview of UNDS development, summarizes the results of UNDS Phase I, provides a summary overview of the preliminary approach for accomplishing UNDS Phase Il, and discusses implications for future naval engineering efforts.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Contributory presentations/posters

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Journal of Biosciences 1999年第1期24卷 33-198页

作者： N. Manoj V. R. Srinivas A. Surolia M. Vijayan K. Suguna R. Ravishankar R. Schwarzenbacher K. Zeth Diederichs G. M. Kostner A. Gries P. Laggner R. Prassl Madhusudan Pearl Akamine Nguyen-huu Xuong Susan S. Taylor M. Bidva Sagar K. Saikrishnan S. Roy K. Purnapatre P. Handa U. Varshney B. K. Biswal N. Sukumar J. K. Mohana Rao A. Johnson Vasantha Pattabhi S. Sri Krishna Mira Sastri H. S. Savithri M. R. N. Murthy Bindu Pillai Kannan M. V. Hosur Mukesh Kumar Swati Patwardhan K. K. Kannan B. Padmanabhaa S. Sasaki-Sugio M. Nukaga T. Matsuzaki S. Karthikevan S. Sharma A. K. Sharma M. Paramasivam P. Kumar J. A. Khan S. Yadav A. Srinivasan T. P. Singh S. Gourinath Neelima Alam A. Srintvasan Vikas Chandra Punit Kaur Ch. Betzel S. Ghosh A. K. Bera S. Bhattacharya S. Chakraborty A. K. Pal B. P. Mukhopadhyay I. Dey U. Haldar Asok Baneriee Jozef Sevcik Adriana Solovicova K. Sekar M. Sundaralingam N. Genov Dong-cai Liang Tao Jiang Ji-ping Zhang Wen-rui Chang Wolfgang Jahnke Marcel Blommers S. C. Panchal R. V. Hosur Bindu Pillay Puniti Mathur S. Srivatsun Ratan Mani Joshi N. R. Jaganathan V. S. Chauhan H. S. Atreya S. C. Sahu K. V. R. Chary Girjesh Govil Elisabeth Adjadj Éric Quinjou Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Yves Blouquit Joël Mispelter Bernadette Heyd Guilhem Lerat Philippe Milnard Michel Desmadreil Y. Lin B. D. Nageswara Rao Vidva Raghunathan Mei H. Chau Prashant Pesais Sudha Srivastava Evans Coutinho Anil Saran Leizl F. Sapico Jayson Gesme Herbert Lijima Raymond Paxton Thamarapu Srikrishnan C. R. Grace G. Nagenagowda A. M. Lynn Sudha M. Cowsik Sarata C. Sahu S. Chauhan A. Bhattacharya G. Govil Anil Kumar Maurizio Pellecchia Erik R. P. Zuiderweg Keiichi Kawano Tomoyasu Aizawa Naoki Fujitani Yoichi Hayakawa Atsushi Ohnishi Tadayasu Ohkubo Yasuhiro Kumaki Kunio Hikichi Katsutoshi Nitta V. Rani Parvathy R. M. Kini Takumi Koshiba Yoshihiro Kobashigawa Min Yao Makoto Demura Astushi Nakagawa Isao Tanaka Kunihiro Kuwajima Jens Linge Seán O. Donoghue Michael Nilges G. Chakshusmathi Girish S. Ratnaparkhi P. K. Madhu R. Varadarajan C. Tetreau Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Austrian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics and X-ray Structure Research Graz Austria Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz Germany Institute of Medical Biochemistry University of Graz Austria Howard Huges Medical Institute Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California La Jolla USA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Molecular Biophysics Unit India Department of Microbiology &Cell Biology Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Macromolecular Structure Laboratory NCI - Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center ABL - Basic Research Program Frederick USA Department of Crystallography and Biophysics University of Madras Chennai Biochemistry Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Condensed Matter Physics Division B.A.R.C. Trombay Mumbai Condensed Matter Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai IMCB The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Yokohama Research Center Yokohama Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical sciences New Delhi India Institüt Physiologische Chemie Hamburg Germany Biophysics Department Bose Institute Calcutta India Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology Bratislava Slovakia Indian Institute of Science Bioinformatics Centre Bangalore Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry Biological Macromolecular Structure Center USA Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Organic Chemistry Sofia Bulgaria Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics Beijing China Novartis Pharma AG Preclinical Research Basel Switzerland Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai India Solid State Physics Div

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Abstract

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Pflügers Archiv 1996年第6期431卷 R322-R356页

作者： L. J. Andries S. U. Sys A. L. Meulemans J. A. J. Schuurkes B. Vanheel J. Van de Voorde P. De Smet J. Li W. Van Driessche B. Flamion S. Foulon M. Abramow P. Calders W. Eechaute E. Lacroix I. Weyne D. Hoeben C. Burvenich P. Fransen D. Van Bedaf M. Demolder R. Ouedraogo P. Lebrun A. Herchuelz M. -H. Antoine S. Vandenput D. Votion N. Anciaux D. H. Duvivier T. Art P. Lekeux Y. Ghafir M. Geurts E. Hermans J. -M. Maloteaux B. Perrad B. Noel F. Lagache J. L. Bister R. Paquay G. Derycke M. A. Vandermeir S. de Brouwer C. -A. Porret N. Stergiopulos J. -J. Meister M. Verbeke N. Lameire N. M. De Clerck J. De Schuytter J. Tytgato G. Buyse J. Eggermont G. Droogmans B. Nilius P. Daenens S. Salomone O. Feron C. Dessy N. Morel T. Godfraind A. M. Aloisi P. Sacerdote L. Lodi G. Carli C. Carobi G. Garinei U. C. Miniaci P. Scotto M. Sabatino P. Sardo L. Iurato V. La Grutta M. A. Bagni G. Cecchi E. Cecchini F. Colomo P. Garzella R. Bottinelli S. D. H. Harridge M. Canepari C. Reggiani Saltin Reggiani D. Bambagioni G. Fanò G, Menchetti P. Danieli-Betto A. Esposito R. Betto A. Megighian M. Midrio D. Danieli Betto C. Orizio D. Liberati C. Locatelli D. De Grandis A. Veicsteinas D. Angoli D. Delia E. Wanke M. Bramucci A. Miano L. Quassinti E. Maccari O. Murri D. Amici G. Cibelli S. Jüngling S. Schoch H. H. Gerdest G. Thiel I. Demori C. Bottazzi A. Voci E. Fugassa A. Barreca F. Minuto G. Gallo S. Fulle S. Belia G. Menchetti M. Cacchio G. Gastaldi U. Laforenza G. Ferrari G. Rindi M. G. Doni E. Padoin O. Residori M. Cesaro L. Toma A. Rubini F Mutinelli L. Paulesu R. Romagnolie M. Cintorino P. Pippia M. A. Meloni L. Sciola A. Spano M. Cogoli-Greuter A. Cogoli A. Sardini G. M. Mintenig M. A. Valverde F. V. Sepùlveda D. R. Gill S. C. Hyde C. F. Higgins P. A. McNaughton A. Spena M. T. Arcuri S. Bonofiglio R. Chimenti C. Covello T. De Cicco S. Mazzulla G. Martino A. Tottene A. Moretti D. Pietrobon M. C. Baccari F. Calamai G. Staderini E. Cova R. Marelli P. Sommi U. Ventura A. M. Lombardi R. Fabris C. Pagano G. Federspil R. Vettor R. Mancinelli P. To Laboratory of Physiology RUCA University of Antwerp Belgium Dept. of Gastroint. Pharmacol. Janssen Research Foundation Beerse Belgium Department of Physiology and Physipathology University of Gent De Pintelaan 185 Gent Belgium Laboratory of Physiology K. U. Leuven Leuven Belgium Laboratory of Pathophysiology University of Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium Laboratory of Normal and Pathological Physiology University of Gent Belgium Department of Physiology Biochemistry and Biometrics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium Laboratory of Physiology University of Antwerp (RUCA) Antwerp Belgium Lab. de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapeutique Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgique Laboratory for Functional Investigation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liége Liège Belgium Laboratory for Functional Investigation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium Laboratory of Pharmacology Catholic University of Louvain Brussels Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale FUNDP Namur Laboratory of animal Physiology Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix Namur Belgium Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland RUCA University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium Laboratory of Physiology Laboratory of Toxicology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgium Istituto di Fisiologia Umana Università degli Studi Siena Dipartimento di Farmacologia Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Istituto di Fisiologia Umana Università di Perugia Perugia Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Università di Reggio Calabria Laboratorio di Fisiologia Umana Catanzaro Istituto di Fisiologia umana Palermo Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiologiche Università di Firenze Firenze Dipartimento Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare (sez. Fisiologia e Biofisica) Università di Perugia Perugia Istituto di Fisiologia Umana Univer

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AN OVERVIEW OF IN-SITU AIR SPARGING

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1993年第4期13卷 127-135页

作者： JOHNSON, RL JOHNSON, PC MCWHORTER, DB HINCHEE, RE GOODMAN, I Dr. Richard L. Johnson is an associate professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Institute (P.O. Box 91000 Portland OR 97291). He is also the director of the OGI Center for Groundwater Research and the OGI Large Experimental Aquifer Program. Dr. Paul C. Johnson is a senior research engineer at Shell Development Co. (Westhollow Research Center P.O. Box 1380 Houston TX 77251). Dr. David B. McWhorter is a professor in the Department of Agricultural and Chemical Engineering at Colorado State University (Engineering Research Center Foothills Campus Fort Collins CO 80523). Dr. Robert Hinchee is a research leader in the Environmental Technology Department at Battelle Memorial Institute (505 King Ave. Columbus OH 43201). Iris Goodman is an environmental scientist with the Advanced Monitoring Systems Division at the U.S. EPA Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (P.O. Box 93478 Las Vegas NV 89192).

In situ air sparging (IAS) is becoming a widely used technology for remediating sites contaminated by volatile organic materials such as petroleum hydrocarbons. Published data indicate that the injection of air into subsurface water saturated areas coupled with soil vapor extraction (SVE) can increase removal rates in comparison to SVE alone for cases where hydrocarbons are distributed within the water saturated zone. However, the technology is still in its infancy and has not been subject to adequate research, nor have adequate monitoring methods been employed or even developed. Consequently, most IAS applications are, designed, operated, and monitored based upon the experience of the individual practitioner. The use of in situ air sparging poses risks not generally associated with most practiced remedial technologies: air injection can enhance the undesirable off-site migration of vapors and ground water contamination plumes. Migration of previously immobile liquid hydrocarbons con also be induced. Thus, them is an added incentive to fully understand this technology prior to application. This overview of the current state of the practice of air sparging is a review of available published literature, consultation with practitioners, a range of unpublished data reports, as well as theoretical considerations. Potential strengths and weaknesses of the technology are discussed and recommendations for future investigations given.

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CAD CAM GOES TO SEA - THE SAAR-5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 148-155页

作者： LINDGREN, JR SOLITARIO, WA MOORE, AP STREIFF, MA John R. Lindgren Jr:. is vice president for engineering at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. a Division of Litton Industries in Pascagoula Miss. He joined Ingalls in 1958 and has held various positions in the Engineering Division and participated in the design of numerous merchant ships drill rigs submarines and surface combatants and auxiliary support ships. Mr. Lindgren is a 1958 graduate of the University of Southwest Louisiana. His degree is in mechanical engineering and he is also a licensed professional engineer. William A. Solitario:is the director of advanced technology at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. in Pascagoula Miss. He received his B.S. degree in chemical engineering from the City University of New York and has 28 years experience in marine engineering and design. His current responsibilities include the direction of Ingalls' IRAD programs and several Navy-funded R&D programs to improve ship's performance and reduce ship's operating costs. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and past chairman of the Gulf Section East Area. Arnold P. Moore:is the director design engineering at Ingalls Shipbuilding where he is responsible for all new construction design and engineering activities. Prior to promotion to his current position Mr. Moore served as chief naval architect at Ingalls. He has 24 years experience in ship design construction and repair. Mr. Moore holds the professional degree of ocean engineer as well as a master's degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from MIT. He also earned a bachelor's degree in naval science from the U.S. Naval Academy and is a registered professional engineer. Mr. Moore served as an engineering duty officer in the U.S. Navy and is currently a captain in the Naval Reserve. He is a past chairman of the Gulf Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and Sigma Xi. Michel A. Streiff:is the manager of CAD/CAM applications at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. His

The SA'AR-5 Corvette program.is the first major warship construction to be entirely accomplished using a 3-dimensional, interference checked computer based design. This paper discusses the organization and approach used to create the design models which form the basis for interference checking as well as the source of extracted production data. The design or product model is the nucleus of the computer data base that defines the configuration of the entire ship. The data base includes geometry, weight, and material, as well as production control data. The ability of the computer to link such diverse information is the key to maintaining configuration control during the course of the design and construction. The ease with which formatted manufacturing data (both N.C. fabrication and installation) can be extracted enables the preparation of detailed packages containing the desired geometry as well as the associated material and sequencing data, thus assuring the producibility of the design. The SA'AR-5 design is CAD/CAM's state of the art in U.S. shipbuilding.

关键词： Warships

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ADVANCED CONCEPTS IN chemical PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR A 500-TON SUBMERSIBLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第1期93卷 63-75页

作者： URBACH, HB KNAUSS, DT QUANDT, ER Dr. Herman B. Urbach:received his B.A. degree in Chemistry from Indiana University in 1948 his M.A. degree in Physical Chemistry from Columbia University in 1950 his Ph.D. degree in Physical Chemistry from Case-Western Reserve University in 1953 and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from The George Washington University in 1976. After receiving his doctorate he was employed by Olin Mathieson Corporation Niagara Falls N. Y. as a Group Leader and Research Chemist on rocket fuels borane chemistry and the reactions of oxygen atoms with ozone. In 1959 he joined the United Technology Research Laboratories East Hartford Conn. as a Senior Research Scientist working in the area of fuel cells and electrochemistry. Presently he is a Scientific Staff Assistant in the Power Systems Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center where since 1965 he has performed research and development studies on fuel cells gas turbines biphase turbines and MHD systems. Additionally Dr. Urbach was a Consultant to the Artificial Heart Program of the National Heart and Lung Institute NIH and presently is a member of the New York Academy of Science Sigma Xi American Chemical Society Electrochemical Society American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Dr. Donald T. Knauss:received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Duke University in 1956 at which time he took employment with the NASA Lewis Research Center Cleveland Ohio. Here he was involved with aircraft propulsion innovations until his entry into military service with the U.S. Air Force. After completing work toward his M.S.M.E. degree at Purdue University in 1962 he was employed by Battelle Memorial Institute Columbia Ohio where he was involved in a variety of projects related to Fluid and Thermal Mechanics. He was later employed by the Ballistic Research Laboratories Aberdeen Proving Ground Md. where he contributed to studies of the physical gas dynamics of hypers

Alternative advanced power systems designed to operate a 500-ton submersible have been examined with respect to overall weight and volume fractions. Two-week and one-month missions, with and without the conventional “at-sea” recharge capability, were considered to evaluate the impact of advanced technologies on non-nuclear submarine design. Candidate air-breathing, primary-power systems studied included Diesel, Closed-Brayton Cycle (CBC), and fuel cells. A number of options for underwater operation were based upon high-energy reactants replenlshable from Base supplies. Another set of options was considered based upon using JP-S fuel with “at-sea” rechargeable secondary power systems, including thermal-energy storage, advanced lithium-sulfur batteries, or flywheels. Replenlshable high-energy reactant systems were, on average, lower in weight and volume than the rechargeable systems for the same submerged-mission profile. Moreover, the replenlshable systems permitted an extended tactical encounter with a maximum duration of 8 to 17 hours at speeds of 30 knots without the need to resurface and recharge a secondary energy storage device. The lowest-weight rechargeable systems in the order of increasing weight were the CBC engine with advanced lithium-sulfur battery, the CBC engine with carbon-block (thermal energy storage), and the Diesel engine with advanced lithium-sulfur battery. The rechargeable systems required unacceptable weight fractions in both missions. The high-energy (replenlshable from Base supplies) systems, with the exception of the heavy acid fuel cell using LOX, were all acceptable candidates for application in the two-week mission. Only the CBC engine with a llthium-sulfurhexaflaoride heat source, the lowest-weight system in both mission groups, was acceptable for the one-month mission.

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AN APPROACH TO SHIPBOARD ICING PROBLEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1968年第1期80卷 63-&页

作者： LANDY, M FREIBERG.A Milton Landy received his B.A. and M.A. Degrees in Chemistry at Brooklyn College Brooklyn New York and is presently studying for his PH.D. Degree at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Since 1957 he has been a Physical Chemist with the U.S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory where he has done fundamental and applied research in the fields of ice adhesion and ice release coatings. Arnold Freiberger received his Degree in Chemical Engineering at The City College of New York. Employed as a Materials Engineer at the U.S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory since 1952 he is the Task Leader of the Laboratory's program on naval cold weather problems and has done fundamental and applied research on ice adhesion and ice-release coatings. Since 1962 he has been in charge of the Laboratory's Marine-fouling research program and more recently has assumed leadership of the hydrofoil materials research program.

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