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Removal of 2,6-dichlorophenol by adsorption with activated polypropylene nanofiber

Journal of King Saud University - engineering Sciences 2024年第8期36卷 677-683页

作者： Krishnaiah, Duduku Baskaran, Arswitaa Anisuzzaman, S.M. Reddy Prasad, D.M. Chemical Engineering Programme School of Engineering and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah Sabah Kota Kinabalu88999 Malaysia Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Tungku Highway GadongBE1410 Brunei

2,6-Dichlorophenol is an organochloride of phenol, and it is considered one of the emerging pollutants in wastewater due to its extreme corrosive nature and toxicity even at low concentrations. Melt-blown activated polypropylene (PP) nanofiber is a polymeric adsorbent and it is used to investigate the removal of 2,6-dichlorophenol. The high surface-to-volume ratio, high porosity, low surface energy, low density, and excellent mechanical characteristics of melt-blown PP nanofiber make it a suitable adsorbent. On the removal efficiency of 2,6-dichlorphenol, the influence of the initial concentration of 2,6-dichlorphenol, the weight of PP nanofiber utilized, temperature, and pH of the solution were examined. The Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 44.44 mg/g, was found to be the best match for the adsorption isotherm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were used to examine melt-blown PP nanofiber before and after adsorption (FTIR). Through SEM images, it was proven that the average diameter of PP nanofiber after adsorption had increased up to 7.93 μm. Furthermore, the existence of phenolic chemicals on the surface of PP nanofiber is confirmed by FTIR analysis spectra. The pseudo-first-order model matched the kinetic data nicely. © 2021 The Authors

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Bioplastic classifications and innovations in antibacterial,antifungal,and antioxidant applications

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 361-387页

作者： Sariah Abang Farrah Wong Rosalam Sarbatly Jamilah Sariau Rubiyah Baini Normah Awang Besar Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia SarawakKota Samarahan 94300Malaysia Electronic Engineering(Computer)Programme Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Malaysia Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Malaysia Forest Plantation and Agroforestry Programme Faculty of Tropical ForestryUniversiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Malaysia

Conventional plastics exacerbate climate change by generating substantial amounts of greenhouse gases and solid wastes throughout their *** address the environmental and economic challenges associated with petroleum-based plastics,bioplastics have emerged as a viable *** are a type of plastic that are either biobased,biodegradable,or *** to their biodegradability and renewability,bioplastics are established as earth-friendly materials that can replace nonrenewable ***,early bioplastic development has been hindered by higher production costs and inferior mechanical and barrier properties compared to conventional ***,studies have shown that the addition of additives and fillers can enhance bioplastic *** advancements in bioplastics have incorporated special additives like antibacterial,antifungal,and antioxidant agents,offering added values and unique properties for specific applications in various *** instance,integrating antibacterial additives into bioplastics enables the creation of active food packaging,extending the shelf-life of food by inhibiting spoilage-causing bacteria and ***,bioplastics with antioxidant additives can be applied in wound dressings,accelerating wound healing by preventing oxidative damage to cells and *** innovative bioplastic developments offer promising opportunities for developing sustainable and practical solutions in various *** this review are two main focuses:an outline of the bioplastic classifications to understand how they fit in as the coveted conventional plastics substitute and an overview of the recent bioplastic innovations in the antibacterial,antifungal,and antioxidant *** cover the use of different polymers and additives,presenting the findings and potential applications within the last *** current research primarily focuses on food packaging and biomedicine,the exploration

关键词： Bioplastic Biopolymer Biodegradability Antibacterial Antifungal Antioxidant

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on artificial intelligence-assisted smartphone:A review

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Chinese chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 25-34页

作者： Yunxin Li Jinghui Zhang Jisen Chen Feng Zhu Zhiqiang Liu Peng Bao Wei Shen Sheng Tang School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore 169857Singapore

In recent years,the application of smartphone in various fields has received great attention,and it has become a promising tool in virus detection,data processing and data *** the rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world,many traditional detection methods have been combined with smartphone to assist in the analysis and detection of the novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2),including electrochemistry,fluorescence and *** the gradual development of artificial intelligence(AI),the combination of AI and smartphone to analyze SARS-CoV-2 was also the focus of *** on the summary of the traditional methods combined with smartphone to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus,in addition to AI-based data processing,AI algorithms are also employed for SARS-CoV-2 detection *** review discussed both strategies and focused on the application of the *** combination of AI algorithm and smartphone to detect SARS-CoV-2 has high accuracy,which is more conducive to meeting the needs of portable *** addition,the classification of SARS-CoV-2 virus samples in biological fluids such as blood and saliva was also ***,this paper briefly discussed the limitations of using smartphone analysis to detect SARS-CoV-2,as well as the prospect and future development of virus *** conclusion,the detection methods based on smartphone and AI algorithms show great potential in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and can be a valuable complement to traditional analysis methods.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 virus Detection method Smartphone analysis Artificial intelligence

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Biobutanol Feedstock Enhancement: Extract Fermentable Sugar from Sugarcane Bagasse via Alkaline Pretreatment and Steam Hydrolysis 8th

Biobutanol Feedstock Enhancement: Extract Fermentable Sugar ...

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8th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Science, ICEES 2024

作者： Matimapa-Kay, Vissavakawn Gigsydha Laooung-u-thai, Yanisa Bioengineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Burapha University Chon Buri Thailand Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Burapha University Chon Buri Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9783031639005

This research focuses on the enhancement of biobutanol production through Clostridium spp. and its mutants by using agricultural waste as carbon source. The fermentable sugar was extracted from sugarcane bagasse using alkaline pretreatment and steam hydrolysis. The agricultural waste, rich in cellulose, undergoes NaOH-based alkaline pretreatment, effectively removing lignin at a low cost. Subsequent steam hydrolysis results in increasing glucose concentrations across multiple rounds, with maximum hydrolysis observed in round 2, yielding of reducing sugar 16.88% (25.32 g/L). This work evaluates different media types for biobutanol production, comparing commercial glucose (media type I) with hydrolysed sugar (media type II). Both wild-type (WT) and mutant strains are utilised, with strain 45–20 exhibiting the highest butanol concentration in media type II. Economic analysis reveals that NaOH pretreatment incurs a cost of 0.66 USD/L of hydrolysis, offset by a benefit of 0.80 USD based on the value of reducing sugar. Steam hydrolysis from round 1 to round 2 yields 48.24 g/L, resulting in an additional benefit of 1.1 USD. Importantly, the study establishes the feasibility of non-toxic conditions for alkaline pretreatment and hydrolysis, making the overall process economically viable. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing sugarcane bagasse as a valuable resource for sustainable biobutanol production under cost-effective conditions. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Bagasse

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Effects of Heat Treatment on the Properties of SS440C for Blades Applications

Effects of Heat Treatment on the Properties of SS440C for Bl...

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Green Materials and Electronic Packaging Interconnect Technology Symposium, EPITS 2022

作者： Adzali, Nur Maizatul Shima Salihin, Siti Khadijah Ahmad Zaidi, Nur Hidayah Industrial Chemical Process Programme Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Kampus UniCITI Sg. Chuchuh Padang Besar Perlis02100 Malaysia Materials Engineering Programme Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Jejawi Perlis Arau02600 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811992667

SS440C steel is commonly used for knife blades, bearings, valve parts, and medical equipment. The composition of SS440C steels is designed to increase hardness especially in blade applications. The effect of quenching and tempering heat treatment on the properties of SS440C was investigated in this study. Quenching heat treatment is done at 1000 °C, followed by tempering at 150 and 500 °C in a muffle furnace. Microstructure of SS440C samples were studied using an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Properties of SS440C after heat treatment have been investigated using the Rockwell hardness test and tensile test. It was found that the sample quenched at 1000 °C (without temper) had the highest hardness with 58.4HRC, while the as-received annealed sample had 11.4HRC followed by sample tempered at 150 °C with 57.5HRC and 500 °C with 54.1HRC. Tensile testing reveals that quenching and tempering at 500 °C result in the highest maximum stress compared to other samples. Through optical microscopy observation, a sample tempered at 500 °C has larger size of carbide precipitate than sample that quenched and tempered at a 150 °C. Insufficient carbide dissolution or a more abrasive reaction is revealed by larger carbide sizes. In conclusion, SS440C temper at 500 °C reflects that it has better properties than the other. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Quenching

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Study on characterization of bio-oil derived from sugarcane bagasse(Saccharum barberi)for application as biofuel

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Clean Energy 2022年第2期6卷 297-304页

作者： Syahirah Faraheen Kabir Ahmad Umi Fazara Md Ali Khairuddin Md Isa Subash CBGopinath Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Chemical Engineering&TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia PerlisArauMalaysia Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization(COEBU) Universiti Malaysia PerlisArauMalaysia

Lignocellulosic biomass especially,sugarcane bagasse Saccharum barberi sp.,appears to be a more suitable material for partial substi-tution of transport fuel(diesel)than Saccharum officinarum sp.,due to its structural similarity to transport fuel(diesel).Besides that,less research has been implemented on this type of ***-oil can be implemented as biodiesel by processing it further using chemical reactions such as hydrodeoxygenation and cracking with zeolite ***,the purpose of this study is to determine the compatibility of pyrolytic bio-oil produced from Saccharum barberi *** comparison with *** *** use as transport fuel(diesel)in automotive *** purpose can be accomplished by comparing the oil’s bio-physiochemical properties for both *** experiment is conducted on a bench-scale on which bio-oil of Saccharum barberi *** secured from the catalytic pyrolysis process at a temperature of 500°C and heating rate of 50°C/min with the addition of ZSM-Zeolite *** analysis of Saccharum barberi *** that cellulose is more reactive than lignin,evidenced by the high percentage of weight loss at tem-peratures ranging from 251°C to 390°*** high contents of carbon(40.7%)and hydrogen(6.50%),as well as slight traces of sulphur(0.08%)and nitrogen(0.85%),in bio-oil(Saccharum barberi sp.)indicate that it is conceivable to be partially used for replacement in biofuel *** physiochemical properties reveal that Saccharum barberi *** more potential than *** *** chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis reveals that bio-oil consists of high amounts of aromatic hydrocarbon(26.2%),phenol(14.8%)and furfural(13.0%)in comparison to *** sp.

关键词： sugarcane bagasse catalytic pyrolysis bio-oil physiochemical characterization biofuel

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The Microstructural and Bioactivity Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Filled with Bioglass for Biomedical Application

The Microstructural and Bioactivity Behavior of Magnesium Al...

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International Conference on Electronic and Advanced Materials 2021, ICEAM 2021

作者： Adzali, Nur Maizatul Shima Dahlan, Nur Farahin Johar, Banjuraizah Baharom, Nor Akmah Industrial Chemical Process Programme Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology University Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Materials Engineering Programme Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology University Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Kedah Kulim Malaysia

Magnesium alloy have known as degradable implant material due to biodegradable properties. However, by developed Mg alloy matrix composites containing a bioceramic will produced more biodegradable and does not need second surgical to remove the implants in body. Powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate the AZ91/BG composite by mixing, compacting and sintering. Mg alloy (AZ91) was reinforced with 0, 3, 6, and 9 wt% of bioglass (BG) before compact and sintered at 400°C for 2 hours. The Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscope, and x-ray diffraction are used to investigate the effect of BG particles addition on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite AZ91/BG. Bioactivity behaviour was studied by immersion test of AZ91/BG composite into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution for 72 hours. The results showed that as the addition of BG increases from 3 to 9 wt%, the hardness of AZ91/BG decrease from 43.3HV to 27.9HV. The result also showed the formation of protective layers or apatite layer on the surface of AZ91/BG composite after immersed in PBS solution for 72 hours. Phase analysis by XRD shows the presence of peak Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6 as the BG increased from 3 to 9 wt%. As a conclusion, AZ91/3BG shows the optimum composite for biomedical application based on its properties and bioactivity behaviour. © Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Adaptive Exponential Feeding Control for a Fedbatch Yeast Fermentation Process Using Reinforcement Learning 6

Adaptive Exponential Feeding Control for a Fedbatch Yeast Fe...

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6th IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in engineering and Technology, IICAIET 2024

作者： Sodiwal, Khairul Aznizam Chai, Wan Ying Tan, Min Keng Kin Teo, Kenneth Tze Tham, Heng Jin Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu88400 Malaysia Universiti Malaysia Sabah Modelling Simulation & Computing Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Kota Kinabalu Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389692

The fermentation process is complex and nonlinear because the growth pattern of microorganisms is sensitive to environmental conditions. Exponential feeding (EF) is a common and simple control strategy for regulating substrate feed flow rates using a pre-determined calculation based on growth kinetics. However, this method does not adapt to changes in the fermentation process. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that focuses on teaching optimal behaviors through interaction with an environment using rewards or penalties. This work explores an Adaptive Exponential Feeding (AEF) control using RL to determine the gain value of the feeding rate, aimed at maximizing yeast concentration and minimizing the by-product formation in a fed-batch baker's yeast fermentation. The kinetic and dynamic behavior of the fermentation process was modeled and simulated using MATLAB. The AEF approach uses an RL agent to optimize the feeding rate by interacting with the fermentation environment and selecting actions based on yeast concentration, glucose levels, and ethanol changes. The gain value ranges from 0 to 2.5 with a 0.1 interval. After iterations, the optimal policy is obtained. Simulations with four different initial yeast and substrate concentrations showed that AEF significantly improved the fermentation performance, yielding a higher yeast concentration of 64.86 g/L compared to 44.68 g/L with EF, a 45.17 % increase, and reducing ethanol formation by 0.15 g/L. This adaptive approach demonstrates potential for enhanced efficiency and productivity in industrial fermentation processes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Peat properties of a tropical forest reserve adjacent to a fire-break canal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 155-167页

作者： Dayang Nur Sakinah Musa Mohd Zahirasri Mohd Tohir Xinyan Huang Luqman Chuah Abdullah Mohamad Syazaruddin Md Said Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman Safety Engineering Interest Group(SEIG) Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia International Tropical Forestry Programme Faculty of Tropical ForestryUniversiti Malaysia SabahSabahMalaysia Department of Land Management Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering Department of Building Environment and Energy EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

Tropical peat comprises decomposed dead plant material and acts like a sponge to absorb water,making it fully ***,drought periods dry it readily and increases its vulnerability to *** fires emit greenhouse gases and particles contributing to haze,and prevention by constructing fire-break canals to reduce fire spread into forest reserves is *** paper aims to determine peat physical and chemical properties near a fire-break canal at different fire frequency *** sampling was conducted at two forest reserves in Malaysia which represent low fire frequency and high fire frequency *** results show that peat properties were not affected by the construction of a fire-break canal,however lignin and cellulose content increased significantly from the distance of the canal in both *** study concluded that fire frequency did not significantly influence peat properties except for *** higher fibre content in the high frequency area did not influence moisture content nor the ability to regain ***,fire frequency might contribute differently to changes in physical and chemical properties,hence management efforts to construct fire-break canals and restoration efforts should protect peatlands from further *** findings will benefit future management and planning for forest reserves.

关键词： Peat fire Peat properties Fire-break canals Forest reserves

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Forward-looking risk assessment framework for novel foods

Food and Humanity

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Food and Humanity 2023年 1卷 500-513页

作者： Samarasiri, Malsha Chai, Kong Fei Chen, Wei Ning School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore Food Science and Technology Programme Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore

Food safety is a crucial aspect when implementing novel foods (cultivated meat, microalgae, edible insects, and precision fermentation-based food) to supply the future food demand in the world sustainably and securely. However, there is a lack of studies collating the safety concerns of these four novel foods and determining the gaps in their safety assessments. This review provides insights with a forward-looking perspective into their hazards, related safety laws, and risk assessments from major food safety authorities. Their safety considerations require further studies especially, risk profiles (chemical and biological contaminants), maximum residue levels, allergen identification, toxicological assessments, dietary reference values, metabolism, and toxicokinetic studies. Major food safety legislative bodies in the world have initiated several plans and actions to implement safety guidelines and assessment criteria for these four novel foods. Their specific guidelines should be comprehensive and accommodate all the hazards, risk levels, and alterations depending on the production variables. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Cultivated meat Edible insects Food safety assessment Microalgae Precision fermentation

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