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Reactivity of Palm Fatty Acids for the Non-catalytic Esterification in a Bubble Column Reactor at Atmospheric Pressure

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Procedia Chemistry 2014年 9卷 182-193页

作者： Joelianingsih Armansyah H. Tambunan Hiroshi Nabetani Chemical Engineering Study Program Institut Teknologi Indonesia Jl. Raya Puspiptek Serpong Tangerang Selatan-15320 Indonesia Graduate School Agricultural Engineering Science Bogor Agricultural University Darmaga Campus Bogor 16002 Indonesia Food Engineering Division National Food Research Institute NARO2-1-12 Kannondai Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan

A bubble column reactor has been developed to produce fatty acids methyl esters by blowing superheated methanol continuously into triglycerides or fatty acids without using any catalysts at atmospheric pressure. In this paper, reactivity of variety fatty acids in non-catalytic methyl esterification using a bubble column reactor was investigated. Five kinds of fatty acids in palm oil (palm fatty acids), namely myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were used as substrates. The reactivity of palm fatty acids was studied at 533 K in a semi-batch reactor system to produce variety of fatty acid methyl esters namely methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate and methyl linoleate. The initial mass of fatty acid in the reactor was 200 g. The reaction started by blowing superheated methanol vapour continuously into the reactor at 4 g/min of methanol. After 60 min of reaction time, conversion of myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid at 523 K was 29, 38, 43, 48 and 47 (% mol/mol), respectively. While, the pseudo first order rate constant ( k ’) of myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid was 0.0065, 0.0080, 0.0081, 0.0090 and 0.0095 min -1 , respectively. In methyl esterification of palm fatty acids, reactivity of saturated fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid) is lower than unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and linoleic acid), meanwhile in the saturated fatty acids, reactivity increased with the length of fatty acids alkyl chains.

关键词： Fatty acids methyl esterification biodiesel non-catalytic superheated methanol

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Effect of Temperature on Gasification of Biomass Using Zeolit

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1845卷

作者： H Porawati A Kurniawan E Yuliwati Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Politeknik Jambi Jambi Indonesia Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang Indonesia Program Study of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang Indonesia

Biomass gasification converts into syngas through the gasification process is promising for renewable energy utilization. Although gasification is a sustainable and environmentally-friendly technology for value-added utilization of biomass, yield percentage is the major problem during biomass gasification. An optimized gasifier and highly active catalyst were proved to be effective for biomass production. Furthermore, the decomposition pathway was also important to advance the gasification reactors and catalyst design. This paper summarized the fundamentals, such as gasifier types, zeolite catalysts, and reaction and deactivation mechanisms. This review also sheds light on other excellent catalysts, effective gasifier, and catalyst reaction mechanisms are also discussed in detail. At last, the paper ends with a conclusion and a prospective discussion of the lab-scale research. At the contact time of 240 minutes, with a column height of 30 cm, at a temperature of 450 oC, the concentration of syngas promise well.

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Modification of anodes with polyaniline coating in microbial electrolysis cell system to reduce ammonia concentration in fertilizer plant liquid waste

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2376卷

作者： Dinda Rahmadita Tania Surya Utami Rita Arbianti Chemical Engineering Study Program Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok. Indonesia

One innovation to improve ammonia degradation is the Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) system which is a technology with prospects that utilize biomass or organic materials, including wastewater. However, the rate of degradation of ammonia with the MEC system is lower when compared to using other methods. Efforts can be made to optimize the ammonia degradation process by operating MEC using a design consortium consisting of Pseudomonas nitritireducens, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Pseudomonas monteili, and Geobacillus stearothermophillus. Another effort is to modify the anode by applying a layer of polyaniline. The MEC system used is a single compartment MEC with volume 100 mL, with optimum operating conditions based on polyaniline coating testing (PANI) as an ammonia degradation enhancer. Ammonia concentration will be tested using Spectrophotometry, and electrode morphology using FTIR Spectroscopy. The design consortium provides the best results in terms of the ammonia reduction profile of polyaniline coated MEC reactors with REmax acquisition of 1.905% or twice as efficient than standard MEC without modification on anode.

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The production of fall armyworm bioinsecticide from Durian mesocarpium waste using ultrasonic-assisted extraction method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2021年第1期2376卷

作者： Dinda Wulan Alindi Rita Arbianti Tania Surya Utami Chemical Engineering Study Program Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok. Indonesia

Indonesia as an agricultural country certainly has problems regarding pest attacks and organic waste. One pests that are spread throughout Indonesia is Spodoptera frugiperda which only appeared in March 2019. Organic waste becoming a big problem because of the amount meet 60% of Indonesia’s total waste. One of the many organic wastes found in Indonesia is durian whose peel is estimated to produce around 556,360 tons of waste per year. Durian contains essential oils, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins that are toxic to pests. The bioactive compound of durian peel is extracted using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method which is a maceration using ultrasonic wave with variations of ethanol solvent concentration. The extraction process is carried out at 40°C, 53 kHz, and 20 minutes. The variation of the solvent affects the extract’s yield and mortality percentage of Fall Armyworm. The highest yield is generated by aquadest solvent with 87.05±1.56%. Efficacy test is conducted to all extracts and it proofs that the durian peel extracts have the ability as a bioinsecticide with highest mortality percentage by 27% for 30% ethanol solvent. GC-MS test was carried out for the best extract and Cholecalciferol was obtained as the highest potential compound as pesticide with a peak area of 23.68%. Identified compounds were tested by molecular docking with acetylcholinesterase as insecticidal receptors and the highest docking value of -6.8 kcal/mol was obtained for n- Hexadecanoic Acid and 1-Octadecene compounds. The highest interaction similarity with control ligand was owned by 1- Octadecene with 80% similarity.

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Medium Optimization for Production of Monascus purpureus Pigment through Solid-state Fermentation

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2021年第1期1143卷

作者： G A Ismail A D Fitriana U Sukandar Chemical Engineering Study Program Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia

Colorants are component that is commonly added to many kinds of product, including food products. Regardless of its effectiveness and lower price, the effects of synthetic colorants towards human's health become a challenge for food colorant industries. Production of natural food colorant using microorganism as the producing agent is a promising prospect because microorganism has a high growth rate. Monascus purpureus can produce a set of natural pigments consist of yellow (monascin and ankaflavin), orange (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin) and red (rubropunctamine and monascorubramine) pigment. The objective of this research is to optimize the micronutrient composition in the medium for the production of Monascus pigment through solid-state fermentation using the job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L) as the substrate. Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the concentration of four substrate components: MSG, NaCl, KH2PO4, and MgSO4. From the experiment, it was found that the maximum red pigment was produced in medium with additional of (w/w): MSG 1.496%, NaCl 1.0%, KH2PO4 3.515% and MgSO4 0.206%. The yellow pigment was maximally produced in medium with additional of (w/w): MSG 1.5%, NaCl 1.0%, KH2PO4 2% and MgSO4 0.2%. Biomass was maximally produced in the medium with additional of (w/w): MSG 1.41%, NaCl 1.01%, KH2PO4 5.0% and MgSO4 0.2%. Among those nutrients, MSG gave the biggest impact on the increasing of pigment and biomass production.

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Classification of dextrose equivalent analysis maltodextrin starch seeds through enzymatic hydrolysis reaction

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期420卷

作者： Z Rayhani E Kurniasih Savia R Fadhilah Student in Polytechnic State of Lhokseumawe Departement of Chemical Engineering Study Program of Industrial Chemical Technology 2014 Polytechnic State of Lhokseumawe Departement of Chemical Engineering Study Program of Industrial Chemical Technology 2016

Maltodextrin is produced by hydrolysis process using enzyme catalyst. This enzyme catalyst is used because it is able to catalyze the process of starch hydrolysis to produce simpler molecules such as glucose, maltose, and dextrin. Maltodextrin is an imperfect starch composed of a simple, low-calorie mixture of sugars. The hydrolysis process takes place by varying the enzyme concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20% and varying the time 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes. The optimum condition obtained in the process of hydrolysis of starch to maltodextrin in this research is at hydrolysis time of 120 minutes with enzyme concentration 20% yield equivalent of 13,4% dextrose, water content 4,3% and pH 5.

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A multi-kingdom genetic barcoding system for precise clone isolation

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Nature Biotechnology 2025年 1-14页

作者： Soh Ishiguro Rina C. Sakata Ren Takimoto Rina Yogo Yusuke Kijima Samuel King Omar Bashth Nanami Masuyama Arman Adel Nika Shakiba Nozomu Yachie Kana Ishida Minori Ichiraku Takuya Yamamoto Yasuhiro Takashima Hideto Mori Mamoru Tanaka Hiromi Toyoshima Motoaki Seki Hiroyuki Aburatani Shoko Tarumoto Taro Tsujimura Ju Hee Oh Anne-Sophie Archambault Akihiko Kondo Ramon I. Klein Geltink Keiji Nishida Satoru Kuhara School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Institute for Advanced Biosciences Keio University Tsuruoka Japan Systems Biology Program Graduate School of Media and Governance Keio University Fujisawa Japan Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe) The University of Osaka Osaka Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Spiber Inc Tsuruoka Japan Center for iPS Cell Research and Application Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi) Kyoto University Kyoto Japan BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Engineering Biology Research Center Kobe University Kobe Japan Graduate School of Science Technology and Innovation Kobe University Kobe Japan Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kobe University Kobe Japan Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

Cell-tagging strategies with DNA barcodes have enabled the analysis of clone size dynamics and clone-restricted transcriptomic landscapes in heterogeneous populations. However, isolating a target clone that displays a specific phenotype from a complex population remains challenging. Here we present a multi-kingdom genetic barcoding system, CloneSelect, which enables a target cell clone to be triggered to express a reporter gene for isolation through barcode-specific CRISPR base editing. In CloneSelect, cells are first stably tagged with DNA barcodes and propagated so that their subpopulation can be subjected to a given experiment. A clone that shows a phenotype or genotype of interest at a given time can then be isolated from the initial or subsequent cell pools stored during the experiment using CRISPR base editing. CloneSelect is scalable and compatible with single-cell RNA sequencing. We demonstrate the versatility of CloneSelect in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, mouse embryonic stem cells, human pluripotent stem cells, yeast cells and bacterial cells.

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Effect of Time and Concentration of Sulfuric Acid on Yield Bioethanol Produced In Making Bioethanol from Peat Soil

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1167卷

作者： Kiagus Ahmad Roni Merisha Hastarina Netty Herawati Chemical Engineering Study Program Engineering Faculty Muhammadiyah University of Palembang 2 Industrial Engineering Study Program Engineering Faculty Muhammadiyah University of Palembang

The depletion of petroleum reserves, the price of fuel oil (BBM) which tends to increase, and environmental safety reasons encourage the search for other materials to be made as raw materials for making bioethanol. One of the most potent ingredients as raw material for making bioethanol is lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass consists of three main components, namely: lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Cellulose and hemicellulose are sugar polymers which can be broken down / hydrolyzed to produce sugar and then fermented into bioethanol. One of the lignocellulosic biomass that can be used as a substrate for bioethanol production is peat. This study will review the effect of the delignification process and hydrolysis of the yield percent of ethanol produced in bioethanol production from peat soil.

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Performance of prototype portable bio-adsorber for waste cooking oil purification

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2018年第1期420卷

作者： R Fadhilah E Kurniasih M A Rifary Student in Polytechnic State of Lhokseumawe Departement of Chemical Engineering Study Program of Industrial Chemical Technology 2014 Polytechnic State of Lhokseumawe Departement of Chemical Engineering Study Program of Industrial Chemical Technology 2017

Performance of prototype portable bio-adsorber has been evaluated. This tool is designed to purify the waste of cooking oil by passing the cooking oil into the adsorber column on the prototype portable bio-adsorber, which has been filled with bagasse charcoal bio-adsorbent. Finally the waste cooking oil that has been through the purification process will be accommodated in tub products and analyzed levels of free fatty acids before and after the purification process takes place to know the efficiency of the prototype portable bio-adsorber. The result of this activity is a prototype portable bio-adsorber with 70 cm pipe height and 3 liters capacity of feed to operate in batch and can accommodate 800 gram of baggase charcoal as bio-adsorbent with the efficiency for reduce free fatty acid is 43% and also can reduce the color of cooking oil, so the color of waste cooking oil also becomes more clean but the results obtained are not maximized, therefore it needs a continuous process for the process of purifying the cooking oil in order to increase the efficiency of the prototype portable bio-adsorber.

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Evaluation of Main Parameter Process of Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Dung in Fixed Dome Biodigester on Methane Gas Quality

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1500卷

作者： Leila Kalsum Abu Hasan Rusdianasari A. Husaini Yohandri Bow Applied Renewable Energy Engineering Study Program Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Chemical Engineering Study Program Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Indonesian Energy Engineering Engineering Study Program Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Indonesian

Methane gas produced from anaerobic digestion has been widely studied through some of the researches, but the quality of methane gas produced is still a problem because the concentration of methane gas produced is generally low. Biogas formation is a complex process involving several process parameters that must be controlled such as temperature, pH, and fermentation time. Therefore the use of biogas is still problems and it has not been widely used. This study aimed to evaluate the main parameter process of anaerobic digestion of cow dung in fixed dome biodigester on methane gas quality. The research was carried out for 30 days and every 5 days the quality of methane gas (CH4), organic content (COD) and total solids (TSS) were analyzed. From the results of the study, it was found that temperature, pH, and fermentation time greatly effect on biogas produced. at high methane gas concentrations (59,12%) occur at pH 7.1, temperatures 350 C and fermentation time of 25 days. Besides that the longer the fermentation time, the COD and TSS content decreases and the concentration of methane gas increases.

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