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The potency of hydrothermally prepared sulfated silica (SO4/SiO2) as a heterogeneous acid catalyst for ethanol dehydration into diethyl ether

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Chemosphere 2023年第1期341卷

作者： Pratika, Remi Ayu Wijaya, Karna Utami, Maisari Mulijani, Sri Patah, Aep Alarifi, Saud Ram Mani, Ravishankar Kumar Yadav, Krishna Ravindran, Balasubramani Chung, Woo Jin Chang, Soon Woong Munusamy-Ramanujam, Ganesh Study Program of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Palangka Raya Palangka Raya Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta55584 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences UCSI University Cheras Taman Connaught Kuala Lumpur56000 Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology Madhyanchal Professional University Ratibad Bhopal462044 India Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group Scientific Research Center Al-Ayen University Thi-Qar Nasiriyah 64001 Iraq Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology Institute of Biotechnology Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Thandalam Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India Molecular Biology and Immunobiology Division Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine SRM-IST Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603203 India

The dehydration of ethanol into diethyl ether over a SO4/SiO2 catalyst was investigated. The SO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by the sulfation method using 1, 2, and 3 M of sulfuric acid (SS1, SS2, and SS3) via hydrothermal treatment. This study is focused on the synthesis of a SO4/SiO2 catalyst with high total acidity that can be subsequently utilized to convert ethanol into diethyl ether. The total acidity test revealed that the sulfation process increased the total acidity of SiO2. The SS2 catalyst (with 2 M sulfuric acid) displayed the highest total acidity of 7.77 mmol/g, whereas the SiO2 total acidity was only 0.11 mmol/g. Meanwhile, the SS3 catalyst (with 3 M sulfuric acid) has a lower total acidity of 7.09 mmol/g due to the distribution of sulfate groups on the surface having reached its optimum condition. The crystallinity and structure of the SS2 catalyst were not affected by the hydrothermal treatment or the sulfate process on silica. Furthermore, The SS2 catalyst characteristics in the presence of sulfate lead to a flaky surface in the morphology and non-uniform particle size. In addition, the surface area and pore volume of the SS2 catalyst decreased (482.56–172.26 m2/g) and (0.297–0.253 cc/g), respectively, because of the presence of sulfate on the silica surface. The SS2 catalyst's pore shape information explains the formation of non-uniform pore sizes and shapes. Finally, the activity and selectivity of SO4/SiO2 catalysts in the conversion of ethanol to diethyl ether yielded the highest ethanol conversion of 70.01% and diethyl ether product of 9.05% from the SS2 catalyst (the catalyst with the highest total acidity). Variations in temperature reaction conditions (175–225 °C) show an optimum reaction temperature to produce diethyl ether at 200 °C (11.36%). © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Silica

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The growth of local microalgae in synthetic and agricultural wastewater for aquaculture feed application

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2682卷

作者： Jannatulhawa Jasni Nazlina Haiza Mohd Yasin Mohd Sobri Takriff 1Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia. 2Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia 3Chemical and Water Desalination Program College of Engineering University of Sharjah United Arab Emirates.

Microalgae's high protein content makes them an attractive feedstock for aquaculture feed applications. However, an economical and effective mass cultivation is essential for greater feasibility in microalgal-based aquaculture applications. Therefore, in this research the utilization of wastewater for microalgal cultivation using two local species of Chlamydomonas sp. UKM6 and Scenedesmus sp. UKM9 were discussed with particular attention to the feasibility of utilizing POME as microalgal growth medium for the production of bulk biomass. The growth rate for Chlamydomonas sp. UKM6 and Scenedesmus sp. UKM9 grown in Bold's Basal Media (BBM) were found higher (0.2829, 0.4045 day-1) than in POME (0.160, 0.255 day-1). Their biomass were then applied as zooplankton enrichment feed for Daphnia magna and then subsequently for feeding fish larvae. The result shown that enriched Daphnia using Scenedesmus sp. UKM9 microalgae promotes better growth, survival and fecundity of fish larvae (P>0.05) than the control diet using dried yeast. Thus, this research indicating the feasibility of culturing microalgae using wastewater as a means to reduce the cost of production is possible and therefore can be applied in aquaculture feed industries.

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Nanocellulose Obtained from Biomass as Advance Adsorbent for Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1912卷

作者： L Mahardiani R Ilfama S Saputro S H Pranolo P W Septianing Chemistry Education Study Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Sebelas Maret University Surakarta Indonesia

In this research, the ability of papaya tree trunks as nanocellulose adsorbent for dyes removal was conducted. The synthesis of nanocellulose is carried out in several steps, including isolation of cellulose using the extraction method, immersion with a variety of alkaline bases, namely KOH, KOH+NH3, and KOH+Na2CO3 and synthesis of nanocellulose by hydrolysis reaction. The adsorption process was carried out in batch method, by contacting the nanocellulose adsorbent with the dye, then filtered and observed the change in concentration using UV-Vis. Meanwhile, to observe the functional groups contained in the nanocellulose obtained from synthesis of papaya tree stems FTIR result was evaluated. The results showed that all cellulose-forming groups (CO, CH2, CH) were present in synthesis nanocellulose in accordance with those of the commercial. The synthesis results with variations in the alkaline base which the closest to commercial yield was the variation with the alkaline KOH base. In addition, determination of adsorption performance of ones is compared with performance of commercial nanocellulose.

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Index Risk of Sanitation (IRS) Modeling to Determine Domestic Waste Water System 1

Index Risk of Sanitation (IRS) Modeling to Determine Domesti...

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1st International Conference on Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Its Application in Science, Technology, engineering, Education, and Mathematics, ICSTEEM 2019 and 3rd Global Research on Sustainable Transport and Logistics, Grostlog 2019

作者： Rooslan Edy Santosa, Florianus Dwi Atmoko, Arief Arifin, Bustomi Narotama University Department of Civil Engineering Surabaya Jawa Timur60117 Indonesia Narotama University Department of Law Surabaya Jawa Timur60117 Indonesia Program Study of Law Faculty of Law Narotama University Narotama University Department of Education and Science Surabaya Jawa Timur60117 Indonesia

Indonesian government through National Medium Development Term Plan (2015-2019) aims 100% easy access of clean and fresh drink water, and 100% decent access of sanitation. The present study aims to determine index risk of sanitation modeling (IRS) of domestic waste water as an effort in achieving the target of Universal Access 2020. Discriminants that resulted from the present study are: Z1 = -41.86 - (1,16*IRS) + (0,07*PM) + (0,16*PP) + (0,11*PWM) dan Z2 = 6.74 + (1,54*IRS) + (0,01*PM) + (0,21*PP) - (0,26*PWM) in which it is used to determine domestic waste water system. Variables that influence this system are index risk of sanitation (IRS), female participant (PP), poor people (PWM), and beneficiary (PM). When the equation mentioned above is applied into 154 districts in Surabaya, the result will be as follow: 1) Based on Domestic Waste Water System there are 57 districts (37,01%) that can be included into communal system, 31 (20,13%) districts are included into domestic IPAL system and 66 districts (42,86%) are included into combination between communal and IPAL system. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Pulse width modulation

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Empowering Biomedical Discovery with AI Agents

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gao, Shanghua Fang, Ada Huang, Yepeng Giunchiglia, Valentina Noori, Ayush Schwarz, Jonathan Richard Ektefaie, Yasha Kondic, Jovana Zitnik, Marinka Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London United Kingdom Harvard College CambridgeMA United States Program in Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT CambridgeMA United States Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence Harvard University MA United States Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Harvard Data Science Initiative CambridgeMA United States

We envision "AI scientists" as systems capable of skeptical learning and reasoning that empower biomedical research through collaborative agents that integrate AI models and biomedical tools with experimental platforms. Rather than taking humans out of the discovery process, biomedical AI agents combine human creativity and expertise with AI’s ability to analyze large datasets, navigate hypothesis spaces, and execute repetitive tasks. AI agents are poised to be proficient in various tasks, planning discovery workflows and performing self-assessment to identify and mitigate gaps in their knowledge. These agents use large language models and generative models to feature structured memory for continual learning and use machine learning tools to incorporate scientific knowledge, biological principles, and theories. AI agents can impact areas ranging from virtual cell simulation, programmable control of phenotypes, and the design of cellular circuits to developing new therapies. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Husker performance on small rice milling unit

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第3期807卷

作者： Iqbal Salim Diah Pramana Mulyawan Ahmad Munir Agricultural Engineering Study Program Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia

The post-harvest process very much determines the quality and quantity of rice. The utilization of agricultural machinery in rice milling is one solution in maintaining rice quality. The most commonly used husker machine is a rubber roll type. This study aims to calculate the efficiency of huskers and the quality of rice. The parameters measured to analyze the efficiency of the milling machine and the quality of rice are the weight of unhulled rice to be milled, the weight of milled rice, and the time for milling the grain to become rice. The results showed that the husker efficiency at 1,237 rpm rotation speed was 46.3%, at 1,354 rpm was 46.7% and at 1,395 rpm was 46.6%. The quality of rice produced at a rotation speed of 1237 rpm, 70.03% whole grains, 3.58% broken grains, 1.51% groats. For 1,354 rpm, the rotation speed is 67.75%, broken grains 5.16%, and groats 2.89%. While at the rotation speed of 1,395 rpm, the percentage of broken grains was 56.26%, broken grains 4.80%, groats 1.27%.

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Synthesis and characterization of folic acid-functionalized, doxorubicin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles as drug delivery system for cancer

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2536卷

作者： Prihartini Widiyanti Maria L. V. Theja Andi H. Zaidan Institute of Tropical Disease Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia 60115. Biomedical Engineering Study Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia 60115. Physics Study Program Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Jl. Mulyorejo Surabaya Indonesia 60115.

Cancer is one of the primary causes of death in the world and the prevalence in Indonesia reaches 1,4% per year. One method of the most developed cancer therapies right now is targeting drug delivery. Targeting drug delivery makes it possible for drugs to be delivered directly to the targeted cells and released once they reach the destination. The aim of this research is to develop a nanocarrier using folic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles to improve the effectiveness of antitumor drugs for cancer therapy. The magnetic nanoparticles synthesis method used in this research is chemical synthesis. chemical materials FeCl3 and FeCl2 are mixed with NH4OH until magnetic nanoparticles appear. The magnetic nanoparticles obtained are then coated using bovine serum albumin, loaded with the drug doxorubicin, and functionalized with folic acid. The characterization methods used are Brine Shrimp Lethal Test (BSLT), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and MTT Assay. The success of drug release test is performed using UV-Vis. The results of this research showed that the magnetic nanoparticles were non-toxic with no impurities, but had not passed the size requirement as a good nanocarrier. Drug release in acidic pH, which is 5.4, had the highest release rate, thus it would be suitable for cancer cells which have lower pH compared to normal cells. Cytotoxicity test using MTT Assay method with murine osteoblastic cell line MC3T3 cells showed quite high cell viability, so it will not affect normal tissues and cells. It can be concluded that folic acid-functionalized, doxorubicin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles have potential to be used as nanocarrier in drug delivery system.

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Algorithm of estimation suspended sediments concentration in Bili-Bili Reservoir

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第3期807卷

作者： Sitti Nur Faridah Mahmud Achmad Samsuar Fatimah R. Tantu Agricultural Engineering Study Program Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia

The Bili-Bili Reservoir is located in the middle of the Jeneberang watershed in South Sulawesi Province, which was built for flood control, irrigation, raw water supply, and hydroelectric power plants. However, in the latest development, there has been a decline in utilization of the reservoir service function due to changes in the catchment area condition because of sediment. Estimation of sediment concentration in the Bili-bili reservoir was analyzed using spectrometer data. Estimation of Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) using a spectrometer by reflectance testing of the ratio between bands with various regression equations. Algorithm estimation of TSS concentration based on spectrometer measurements provides a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.800 and an RMS error of 0.088, with a 3rd order polynomial equation for the green/red bands ratio: y = 62.667x3 – 154.328x2 + 121.27x – 29.902.

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Video development for make-up puff pastry

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2021年第2期1098卷

作者： A T Pambudi A A Anggraeni Culinary Science Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Indonesia

Generation Z has a preference for individual learning using information and communication technology. Generation Z prefers digital audio-visual media to verbal media. The study aimed to develop a demonstration video in the subject of make-up puff pastry for Pastry and Bakery course and assess the video feasibility. This study was a research & development (R & D) approach using 4D (define, design, develop, and disseminate) models. Problem, student, and curriculum analysis was performed in the define stage. Video scriptwriting and the production team selection were performed in the design stage. Develop stage consisted of video shooting, video editing, video revision, and assessment. The shooting was accomplished using Sony A6000 16-50 mm camera, Bestluck New Pro F600 lighting with ellipsoidal reflector, Libec 650EX tripod, and Zhiyun Crane V2 stabilizer. Voice was recorded using Boya Clip-on wireless microphone. The audio was edited using Adobe Audition 2017 and the video was compiled using Adobe Premiere pro CC 2017. In the disseminate stage, the video was uploaded to YouTube channel Boga UNY. Based on the feasibility assessment by 2 material experts, a media expert, and 31 potential users, the video was considered very feasible as learning media.

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Developing a Demonstration Video on Making Dry Banana Preferred by Generation Z

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1737卷

作者： A A Anggraeni R A Surya Culinary Science Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Indonesia

The student of vocational high school nowadays are classified as generation Z. They are common to use information and communication technology. They prefer audio-visual learning media rather than podcast recording or text media. This study aimed to develop a video on making dry banana for the Agriculture Product Processing course and assessing the video's feasibility. This study was a research & development (R&D) study using the 4D (define, design, develop, and disseminate) approach. Analysis of content, curriculum, and student needs was carried out in the define stage. The scriptwriting and production team selection was conducted in the design stage. Video recording, editing, and feasibility test from experts were performed in the development stage. The video was evaluated by two content experts and one media expert. In the disseminate stage, thirty students as prospective consumers evaluated the video feasibility. The data were analyzed descriptively. The video was in the mp4 format and had a duration of 13 minuter and 13 seconds. The video has been provided with high-definition images, captions, pictures, 2D animations, transitions, and effects. The experts and the students rated this video to be very feasible to be used as instructional media.

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