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Bronsted acid and manganese based catalyst effect on levulinic acid production from double delignified rice husk

Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年

作者： Bianasari, A.A. Hidayat, M. Budiman, A. Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang50275 Indonesia Master Program in System Engineering Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia

The increasing need for energy and fuels (especially fossil fuels) encourages humans and researchers in the world to look for other renewable alternative materials. Levulinic acid which is a chemical that can be obtained from biomass has been identified as a potential chemical platform. Besides being an alternative material to reduce the need for fossil fuels in various industries, levulinic acid can be used as solvent, resin, flavor enhancer, antifreeze, animal feed and others. One of the most widely available biomass in Asia and can be used as the main ingredient for making levulinic acid is rice husk. The use of a catalyst commonly used in the process of producing levulinic acid is a Bronsted acid catalyst, but the use of a homogeneous catalyst can cause new problems in its separation. This study focused on evaluating the effect of using heterogeneous catalyst from manganese based catalyst (Mn3O4/ZSM-5) and homogeneous catalyst from Bronsted acid catalyst (H2SO4) and the effect of catalyst concentration (10 %wt, 20 %wt and 30 %wt). The sample pretreatment process using alkaline delignification (NaOH) was carried out twice to degrade lignin that interfered with the hydrolysis process and optimize the performance of the catalyst. The conversion process of rice husk lignocellulose into levulinic acid was carried out for 8 h with sampling every 2 h at 100 °C. The experimental results show that the double delignification process can reduce lignin content while reducing hemicellulose content up to 100 % from 12.91 % to 0 %, modification of ZSM-5 to Mn3O4/ZSM-5 can increase catalyst crystallinity and catalyst performance without destroying the structure of the catalyst, and the heterogeneous catalyst Mn3O4/ZSM-5 30 %wt gives the best yield (%mol) and selectivity of levulinic acid, respectively 66.05 % and 72.3 % after 8 h of reaction. © 2023

关键词： Lignin

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The impact of bottom water light exposure on electrical and sediment remediation performance of sediment microbial fuel cells

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Chemosphere 2024年 362卷 142720页

作者： Misali, Rashida Mohd Noor, Nurfarhana Nabila Oktavitri, Nur Indradewi Kim, Kyunghoi Department of Ocean Engineering Pukyong National University Busan48513 Korea Republic of Study Program of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia

Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) generate bioelectricity from benthic sediments and thus providing both bioelectricity generation and sediment remediation. However, the high internal resistance of the cathode leads to a low power output, which requires research on cathode treatment. In this study, we explored the influence of light irradiation on bioelectricity production and nutrient removal in the SMFC system. The microcosm experiment of the SMFC system was designed with artificial illumination of 500 lux (light-SMFC) and compared with dark conditions of 15 lux (dark-SMFC), which showed that the current increases during photoperiods. The study reveals that light-illuminated SMFC consistently produced the highest voltage, with the highest voltage (553 mV) being 1.3 times higher than the dark-SMFC (440 mV). The polarization curves show a significant reduction in internal cathodic resistance under light condition, resulting in increased voltage generation. The light-SMFC exhibits the highest maximum power density of 35.93 mW/m2, surpassing the dark SMFC of 31.13 mW/m2. It was found that light illumination in the SMFC system increases oxygen availability in the cathodic region, which supports the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. At the same time, the high bioelectricity output contributes to the highest sediment remediation by greatly reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphate (PO4–P) concentrations. The study highlights the potential of light illumination in mitigating cathodic limitation to improve SMFC performance and nutrient removal. © 2024

关键词： Microbial fuel cells

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Analyzing the use of SEO and Google Analytic on the Website of Vocational High School of Information Technology Annajiyah 3

Analyzing the use of SEO and Google Analytic on the Website ...

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3rd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education, ICE-ELINVO 2020

作者： Supraba, L.D. Jati, H. Electrical and Informatics Engineering Education Study Program Faculty of Engineering Yogyakarta State University Indonesia

The number of Islamic boarding school teaching both Information Technology (IT) Education and Religious Education is still limited. Vocational High School of Information Technology Annajiyah located in Tambakberas, Jombang, East Java is a school having both subjects taught. The existence of Vocational High School of Information Technology Annajiyah has not been widely known by outside and inside society of Jombang Regency. Therefore, Therefore, analysis of the use of SEO is necessary to determine the potential of website visit and school promotion. Previously, Vocational High School of Information Technology Annajiyah promoted school by using brochures only. This method was considered able to introduce the school through traditional way. Analysis result of improving SEO can be seen in Google Analytic recorded a number of site visits amounted 403 in June, where 82.2% of active users are dominated by mobile phone users and fluctuation of the number of visits. This increase is affected by both the implementation of SEO and online PPDB process during the COVID pandemic. © 2021 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Websites

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The developing hairpiece module of the students at vocational secondary schools 6

The developing hairpiece module of the students at vocationa...

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6th International Conference on Technology and Vocational Teachers, ICTVT 2020

作者： Marliati, N. Agrevinna, M. Cosmetology Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the validity and effectiveness of the hairpiece module. The research method used is development or known as the Research and Development method. The stages in the research process are the analysis, design, development, implementation, and testing stages. Tests carried out in the form of validation were carried out by expert judgments or media and material experts, then the media was tested by students. The results of this study get the assessment of media experts in the very feasible category and material experts in the very feasible category. The results of student trials in small group trials were in the good category and large group trials were included in the good category. The analysis of the pre-test and post-test results showed a gain of 0.53 in the experimental group with moderate criteria and a gain of 0.42. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Students

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Formulation of pomade with atisiri oil pandan wangi leaves (pandanus amaryllifolius roxb.) 6

Formulation of pomade with atisiri oil pandan wangi leaves (...

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6th International Conference on Technology and Vocational Teachers, ICTVT 2020

作者： Siregar, I.P. Marliati, N. Cosmetology Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Indonesia

This research aims to: 1) know the formulation of pomade making from aromatic pandan wangi leaf essential oil, 2) know the characteristics of pomade from the essential oil of pandan wangi leaves, and 3) know the quality of pomade from the essential oil of fragrant pandan leaves, and 4) the anti-fungal activity of pomade from the essential oil of pandan wangi leaves. Research methods used by research and development (R&d) models. Formulation of pomade manufacture of pandan wangi leaf essential oil is carried out based on the results of research that produces a stable formula that is pomade with the appropriate quality SNI with the base of pomade type oil based and not petrol based with a concentration of 34% of the total weight of pomade. Pomade formula is added to the essential oil of pandan wangi leaves with different concentrations of 2.5% (formula 1), 5% (formula 2) and 7.5% (formula 3). The characteristics and quality of pomade are known from organoleptic and hedonic tests that 47% of respondents strongly agree with pomade has the aroma of essential oil of pandan wangi leaves, 52% of respondents strongly agree with the color of pomade in dark green, 45% of respondents strongly agree with the texture of pomade very smooth without any granules, the respondent's response after pomade is on a smooth impression as much as 90.56% and the impression is moist as much as 90.00%. Formula 1 to formula 3 provide homogeneous results. Formulas 1 through 3 have a pH balance with pH range of hair and oil on the scalp which is 5.5 between pH 4.5 -5.5. The largest antifungal activity is in formula 3 (essential oil content 7.5%) with an inhibithor zone diameter of 37 mm. This indicates that the greater the concentration of pandan wangi leaf essential oil, the stronger the antifungal activity against niger's Aspergillus. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Essential oils

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Efficient hydrogen production by microwave-assisted catalysis for glycerol-water solutions via NiO/zeolite-CaO catalyst

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South African Journal of chemical engineering 2022年 41卷 43-50页

作者： Husin, Husni Erdiwansyah, Erdiwansyah Ahmadi, Ahmadi Nasution, Fahrizal Rinaldi, Wahyu Abnisa, Faisal Mamat, Rizalman Reaction Engineering and Catalysis Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Jl. Tgk Syech Abdurrauf No.7 Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Doctoral Program School of Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Rabigh 21911 Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Universitas Serambi Mekkah Banda Aceh 23245 Indonesia

Hydrogen from glycerol is one of the most potent green energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Thus, converting a glycerol solution to hydrogen through microwave-assisted catalysis is continuously gaining interest from researchers worldwide. The research aim was to combine NiO/zeolite and CaO for efficient hydrogen production from glycerol-water solution via microwave-assisted. The BET, XRD, and TEM were applied to characterize the properties of the NiO/zeolite-CaO catalyst. The influence of CaO content on NiO/zeolite (NiO/zeolite-CaO) catalyst, and microwave power on glycerol-water decomposition into hydrogen were investigated systematically. The catalytic performance for hydrogen production from glycerol-water solution was conducted in a fixed bed quartz-tube flow reactor via microwave irradiation a fed flow-rate (FFR) of 0.5 ml/min. Several characteristics, such as heating rate of 300–600 W, have been studied, CaO content of 10 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 40 wt.%, 50 wt.%, 60 wt.%, and 100 wt.%, respectively. The combined utilization of NiO/zeolite and CaO was efficient in obtaining more hydrogen production. Furthermore, the maximum conversion was found to be around 98.8%, while the highest hydrogen purity was found to be up to 96.6% when 20 wt.% NiO was used as an active site on natural zeolite and 50 wt.% CaO was used. © 2022 The Authors

关键词： Calcium oxide Hydrogen production Microwave irradiation Nickel

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Biodegradation of Diethyl Phthalate (Dep) Using Fungi Isolated from Leachate of Sarimukti Landfill, Bandung

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Sembiring, dan Emenda Keiva Mulyana, Suci Study Program of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Ganesha Street Number 10 Bandung 40132 India

Phthalate as plasticizer is commonly used in plastics industries. Phthalate compounds that are commonly found in everyday life are diethyl phthalate (DEP). This compound is dangerous because it is carcinogenic, xenoestrogenic and has endocrine disrupting effects. The accumulation of plastic in landfill causes this compound to be identified in leachate range from ND- 33 mg/l. one of active landfill in Bandung shows concentration of DEP 1.277 mg/L- 2.4 mg/l. Biological treatment was investigated for DEP removal. The treatment involves the degradation of DEP using fungi isolated from leachate samples. Degradation tests were carried out at varying concentrations of 2 mg/l, 4 mg/l, 6 mg/l, 8 mg/l and 10 mg/l as a carbon source for fungi growth. Duration of analysis is 15 days or until fungi decay phase achieved. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis shows that DEP removal efficiency reached 98-99% in each concentration variation on day 9 with a specific fungal growth rate of 0.0531-0.111/day © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： High performance liquid chromatography

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Salt Hash Password Using MD5 Combination for Dictionary Attack Protection 6

Salt Hash Password Using MD5 Combination for Dictionary Atta...

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6th International Conference on Computer and Informatics engineering, IC2IE 2023

作者： Nugroho, Agung Mantoro, Teddy The Republic of Indonesia Defense University Cyber Defense Engineering Study Program Sains and Defense Technology Faculty Bogor Indonesia Sampoerna University Media-Tech Lab Departement of Computer Science Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345162

Using MD5 hashing of passwords in web logins is highly vulnerable to dictionary attacks. One online application for cracking hashed passwords using a dictionary attack that is free and easy to use is ***. Even so, the use of hashing passwords using MD5 which has a low level of security is still commonly found to secure web login passwords. This research presents an increase in security through a combination of salt hash passwords when using MD5. The methodology of this study uses a quantitative experimental method to apply hash salt passwords using the MD5 combination. The password cracking test was carried out using the *** online hash cracking application on weak passwords such as 'admin' with the addition of a password hash salt using the MD5 combination. The results showed that Salt Password using the MD5 combination could not be cracked by *** using a dictionary attack. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： dictionary attack md5 password hash salt

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Life cycle analysis of palm kernel shell gasification for supplying heat to an asphalt mixing plant

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第1期2卷 55-63页

作者： Sunu Herwi Pranolo Prabang Setyono Muhammad Akvis Fauzi Study Program of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Sebelas MaretSurakartaIndonesia Magister Study Program of Environmental Science PostgraduateUniversitas Sebelas MaretSurakartaIndonesia

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia states that the thermal energy for hot-mixed asphalt production shall be supplied by the direct combustion of fossil fuels in the form of diesel oil,natural gas,or fuel gas from coal gasification which may generate GHG *** are able to substitute the fossil fuels through gasification *** converts the biomass using limited air into gaseous fuel containing mainly CO and H_(2) that are subsequently combusted to produce heat,carbon dioxide,and *** is obvious that the CO_(2) is then absorbed by the plants for photosynthesis,main-taining a balanced closed *** study examines the level of global warming potential of this system for supplying heat based on the openLCA v1.9 *** analysis used a gate-to-gate approach to evaluate scenarios of shell gasification to produce 1 metric tonne of hot-mixed *** scope covers raw material supply and transportation,palm kernel shell gasification,and *** evaluation concludes that gasification could potentially reduce CO_(2) *** impact analysis and interpretation of the results using the openLCA database of Traci 2.1 recommend that greater CO_(2) emis-sion reduction is possible using palm kernel shell gasification,not only for supplying heat but also for electricity generation to operate all electrical equipments.

关键词： Global warming Gasification Palm kernel shell Life cycle analysis Hot-mixed asphalt

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Effect of Community-Based Total sanitation program with diarrhea Incidents in toddler at communities near rivers

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 63卷 S349-S353页

作者： Purnama Sari Indah, Fenita Cardiah, Tita Rahmat, Azwar Sulandjari, Kuswarini Andiyan, Andiyan Hendayani, Nenden Departement of Public Health STIKes Widya Dharma HusadaTangerang Banten 15417 Indonesia Interior Design School of Creative Industries Telkom University West Java Bandung 40257 Indonesia Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program Faculty of Tarbiyah State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu Bengkulu Bengkulu 38211 Indonesia Agribusiness Study Program Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang West Java Karawang 41361 Indonesia Architecture Study Program Faculty of Science and Engineering Universitas Faletehan West Java Bandung 40266 Indonesia Digital Business Study Program Universitas Sali Al-Aitaam West Java Bandung 40287 Indonesia

The objective of this study was to determine the determinants between Community-Based Total Sanitation and the incidence of diarrhea in toddler at communities near rivers. This study used a quantitative approach with cross sectional design. The sample consisted of 76 mothers who have toddler with the sampling technique by accidental sampling. Primary data obtained directly from interviews using questionnaires and direct observation to respondents. The independent variable was Community-Based Total Sanitation which includes the behavior of open defecation, drinking water and food management, household waste management, and household waste water management. The results showed that only household wastewater management was significant with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers (p value 0,0000;OR 5,2), while, open defecation (p value 0.118), drinking water and household food management (p value 1,000), household waste management (p value 0,979) was not related to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. Toddlers in households with poor wastewater treatment were 5,2 times more likely to have diarrhea. The conclusion is household wastewater management was significant with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers, so that innovative efforts are needed so that the community improves their waste management. This is useful for preventing the occurrence of diarrhea in toddlers. © 2022

关键词： Sanitation

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