Due to oil price hike,efforts have been made to find renewable sources of energy that can be locally *** Thailand,more emphasis has been put on the production of ethanol from crops,since Thailand has abundant supplies...
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Due to oil price hike,efforts have been made to find renewable sources of energy that can be locally *** Thailand,more emphasis has been put on the production of ethanol from crops,since Thailand has abundant supplies of agricultural *** materials,however,have relatively high market values,making bioethanol production not economically *** interest has been shifted to the conversion of cellulose to ethanol since cellulose is considered as waste in most agricultural *** production of ethanol from cellulose,often called cellulosic ethanol,can be achieved with several methods including the fermentation of cellulose using ***(ATCC 27405) .In this study,the effects of important factors,such as initial substrate concentrations and types of cellulosic materials,on the production of cellulosic ethanol were *** cellulosic materials used in this study were classified into three physical forms:microcrystalline(Avicel) ,microgranular and *** was found that both cell growth rate and ethanol production inversely depended on the initial substrate *** lower substrate concentration resulted in the higher concentration of both glucose and *** addition,an increase in the crystallinity in substrate's structure caused decreases of both cell growth and ethanol *** maximum specific growth rate,glucose yield,and ethanol concentration,which were 2.96 day -1,0.22 g/g of substrate and 0.83 g/L,respectively,could be achieved with 5.0%(v/v) ***,using 1%(w/v) amorphous cellulose as a substrate.
Fundamental study was carried out for provision for acidification of soil due to acid rain. The influence of weight of the additive slag on elution behavior of the slag into water was studied in this study. Elution ex...
Fundamental study was carried out for provision for acidification of soil due to acid rain. The influence of weight of the additive slag on elution behavior of the slag into water was studied in this study. Elution experiment was carried out on a basis of JIS K 0058-1. Generally, the pH in the aqueous solution increased with an increase in weight of the additive slag. The pH converged to approximately eight. Calcium, magnesium and manganese, which were essential elements for plants, were eluted from the slag irrespective to elution condition. The eluted concentrations of Ca and Mg increased with an increase in weight of the additive slag. Silicon and zinc were also eluted depending on the conditions. Aluminum that was harmful for plants was not eluted from the used slag.
One of games used as educational media is in hajj learning since Indonesia is well known as a country with the biggest hajj pilgrims every year. This research developes a HajjGame that provides a series of phase of th...
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Nanofiltration performance (i.e. rejection and flux decline) of lead solutions was investigated using a dead-end test cell at room temperature. An aromatic polyamide NF-90 membrane was chosen to determine the impacts ...
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Gas permeability and intrinsic permeability are the major parameters to promote aeration for packed waste. The objectives of this research are to identify physical parameters of gas transfer from a various type of pac...
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Gas permeability and intrinsic permeability are the major parameters to promote aeration for packed waste. The objectives of this research are to identify physical parameters of gas transfer from a various type of packed wastes and examine ventilation design theory for landfill to enhance waste stabilization. Method to determine value of gas permeability and intrinsic permeability for packed waste is by flushing the packed column containing various type and physical characteristics of wastes with an air pump. Permeability was calculated by measuring pressure gradient on sampling points of the column using inclined manometer at distance 10 cm, 23 cm, 46 cm, 69 cm, 92 cm and 115 cm from origin. Gas permeability is specifically relied on physical parameters of wastes as follows, density, moisture content, particle size and gas velocity on the surface of compacted waste layer. Compost has finer pore structure and smaller pore size than leaves as well as mixed organic (65%) and inorganic wastes (35%). The experiment found the intrinsic permeability of leaves waste are in the order of 10-11 to 10-8 m2, 10-11 to 10-9 m2 for compost and 10-9 m2 for mixed organic (65%) and inorganic wastes (35%).
A precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) catalyst was tested in a stirred tank slurry reactor under different process conditions. The extent of water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction increased with increase in conversion of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617823213
A precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) catalyst was tested in a stirred tank slurry reactor under different process conditions. The extent of water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction increased with increase in conversion of the limiting reactant, indicating that the WGS is a consecutive reaction with respect to water formed in the F-T synthesis reaction. The experimental results indicate that 1-olefins participate in secondary reactions (e.g. 1-olefin hydrogenation, isomerization and readsorption). Secondary hydrogenation and isomerization of 1-olefins increased with increase in partial pressure of hydrogen. Gas residence time had significant effect on selectivity of ethylene and other gaseous 1-olefins. Chain growth probability factor increased with increase in molecular weight.
This study is an effort to produce a generic and comprehensive solution to the simulation of mass diffusion through a multiphasic and heterogeneous material model. A Galerkin-type finite element formulation is develop...
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This study is an effort to produce a generic and comprehensive solution to the simulation of mass diffusion through a multiphasic and heterogeneous material model. A Galerkin-type finite element formulation is developed to solve Fick's equation for steady-state and time-dependent analysis. The effect of the interface in modelling of a liquid-solid medium is presented in this work. To show the robustness of the proposed approach, the gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) process through the capillary network between the alveolar membrane and red blood cells has been analysed and then validated with experimental data. The current work is a significant asset to modelling the diffusion of oxygen between cells and scaffolds in tissue engineering or tissue regeneration/repair studies. It is one step towards the development of high-order elements for application of the simulation of mass transfer through a multiphasic and porous model with varying degrees of interconnectivity and pore size for tissue engineering applications.
The use of seawater for industrial cooling is a vital technology that poses some of the most profound environmental impact on the water quality in the Arabian Gulf. Biocide (chlorine) is added to the seawater to contr...
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The use of seawater for industrial cooling is a vital technology that poses some of the most profound environmental impact on the water quality in the Arabian Gulf. Biocide (chlorine) is added to the seawater to control biofouling of the cooling system. This added chlorine reacts with bromide and other chemicals naturally exist in the water to form a wide range of oxidants. Regrettably, reactions between the residual oxidants and natural organic matter in the water lead to formation of toxic halogenated organic compounds that have detrimental effects on the environment when they are discharged into the Gulf. This paper describes the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) in seawater cooling systems. Results of kinetic experiments have shown that concentrations of THMs increased rapidly with time during the first half hour. Chlorination of seawater has shown significant increase in total THMs (TTHMs) and in bromoform concentrations. Rapid decrease of UV absorbance at 254 nm was also observed during seawater chlorination which is indicative of natural organic matter degradation into small organic molecules including THMs and other by-products. The increase in chlorine dose was accompanied with an increase in TTHMs and bromoform concentrations. Linear relationships between total chlorine concentration and both final TTHMs and bromoform concentrations were established. First order exponential decay and exponential associate functions were developed to correlate chlorine dose with formed THMs.
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