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The effect of methane and carbon dioxide ratio in the biogas to the fuel consumption of 2 stroke single cylinder (63 cc) engine of 750 watt electric generator 11th

The effect of methane and carbon dioxide ratio in the biogas...

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11th International Conference on Materials and Manufacturing Technology, ICMMT 2020

作者： Wijaya, I Wayan Guna Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Surata, I. Wayan Sukmawati, Ni Made Dewi Dian Master student at St udy Program of Master in Mechanical Engineering Engineering Faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali80361 Indonesia Full Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Faculty Udayana University Jimbaran Bali80361 Indonesia Faculty of Medicine/Sanglah Hospital Udayana University Denpasar Bali80232 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035737226

The 2 stroke single cylinder (63 cc) engine of 750 watt electric generator is very popular in the application because providing enough amount of electricity for small house hold with compact size, light weight with reasonable price. Usually this type of electric generator is fuelled with gasoline that mixed with oil as lubricant. The cylinder volume of the engine is usually around 63 cc. This type of engine can be fuelled with biogas with addition component to mix biogas together with air and lubricant, and set the compression pressure at 10 bar. Biogas mainly contain methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), moisture (H2O), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The CH4 is combustible gas and can be used as a fuel for internal combustion engine. Moisture and H2S are easily removed from biogas. To remove CO2 from biogas is about difficult and costly, therefore acceptable content of CO2 in the biogas should be investigate related with the fuel consumption. This research is conducted to understand the influent of ratio CH4 and CO2 in the biogas to fuel consumption of the 2 stroke single cylinder engine of 750 watt electric generator. The variations ratio of CH4 and CO2 were obtained from anaerobic digester with batch system. The results indicate that the CH4 and CO2 ration in the range 1.667-1.967 will yield optimum efficiency that reach biogas consumption in the range of 9.1-9.8 liter/minute. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Biogas

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Ambient ammonia production via electrocatalytic nitrite reduction catalyzed by a CoP nanoarray

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 972-977页

作者： Guilai Wen Jie Liang Qian Liu Tingshuai Li Xuguang An Fang Zhang Abdulmohsen Ali Alshehri Khalid Ahmed Alzahrani Yonglan Luo Qingquan Kong Xuping Sun Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChina West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology No.28 East Jiang Chuan RoadShanghai 200241China Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80203Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Industrial-scale ammonia(NH_(3))production mainly relies on the energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly Haber-Bosch *** issue can be avoided by electrocatalytic N_(2) reduction which however suffers from limited current efficiency and NH3 ***,we demonstrate ambient NH_(3) production via electrochemical nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))reduction catalyzed by a CoP nanoarray on titanium mesh(CoP NA/TM).When tested in 0.1 M PBS(pH=7)containing 500 ppm N0_(2)^(-),such CoP NA/TM is capable of affording a large NH_(3) yield of 2,260.7±51.5μg·h^(-1)·cm^(-2) and a high Faradaic efficiency of 90.0±2.3%at-0.2 V vs.a reversible hydrogen *** functional theory calculations reveal that the potential-determining step for NO_(2)^(-)reduction over CoP(112)is*NO2→*NO_(2)H.

关键词： CoP nanoarray NO_(2)^(-)reduction reaction ambient NH_(3)synthesis electrocatalysis density functional theory

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Smart tailoring of molecular catalysts:Mounting approach to oxygen reduction reaction

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 169-184页

作者： Anuj Kumar Mohd Ubaidullah Guoxin Zhang Jasvinder Kaur Saira Ajmal Mudassir Hasan Krishna Kumar Yadav Hafiz M.Adeel Sharif Ram K.Gupta Ghulam Yasin Nano-Technology Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryGLA UniversityMathuraUttar Pradesh 281406India Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266590China Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518060China Department of Chemistry Kansas Polymer Research CenterPittsburg State UniversityPittsburgKS 66762United States Faculty of Science and Technology Madhyanchal Professional UniversityRatibadBhopal 462044India Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarNasiriyah 64001Iraq Department of Chemical Engineering King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry School of SciencesIFTM UniversityMoradabadUttar Pradesh 244102India Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguanGuangdong 523808China

Efficient electrocatalytic rupture of energy-rich molecules(H_(2)and O_(2))is a green approach for gener-ating clean energy for modern *** this context,porphyry-type molecular electrocatalysts act intelligently toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),a fundamental process in fuel cells,due to their redox-rich chemistry,which involves core metal ions and macrocyclic *** concerned scientific community has tried many times to correlate the ORR intermediates with their formation kinetics and simplify the associated multi H+/e-stages during the ORR process,constructing several volcano plots be-tween catalytic Tafel data,turnover frequencies,and overpotentials for many *** the fact that many review articles on molecular electrocatalysts for ORR have been published,understanding the strategic implications and molecular catalyst intelligence towards homogenous ORR has been poorly *** review examined the relationships between volcano plots of current *** parameters and the Sabatier principle in order to explain the intelligence of molecular electrocatalysts and approaches for their creation,as well as the difficulties and potential prospects of molecular *** facts distinguish this review from previously published articles and will pique the scien-tific community’s interest in avoiding trial-and-error procedures for catalyst creation while also allowing for more exact evaluations of the molecular catalyst’s performance.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Molecular catalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Sabatier principle

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Bridging the gap in nutrient management: Transitioning from conventional to sustainable slow-release fertilizers in modern agriculture

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Journal of Cleaner Production 2025年 513卷

作者： Said, Nor Sakinah Mohd Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Daud, Nurull Muna Sharuddin, Siti Shilatul Najwa Barakwan, Rizkiy Amaliyah Luthfi, Abdullah Amru Indera Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Jakarta Pusat10340 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Study Program Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Kampus MERR C Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Street Mulyorejo East Java Surabaya60115 Indonesia

The world's continuous demographic expansion has driven a growing demand for a stable food supply, making the agriculture sector a key foundation for sustainable food production. However, the widespread use of conventional fertilizers has resulted in significant environmental and economic drawbacks, including inefficient nutrient delivery and nutrient leaching. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative agricultural solutions. This article reviews the adverse impacts of conventional fertilizer use on ecosystems and discusses the transition to slow-release fertilizers (SRF) as a promising alternative. SRF offers more controlled nutrient release, reducing nutrient loss and improving efficiency compared to traditional fertilizers. The article examines different types of SRF, their mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and their potential to transform modern agriculture by addressing both environmental concerns and crop nutrient management. Key challenges, including high production costs and the use of non-biodegradable coatings, are addressed. This review highlights the potential of bio-based coatings as replacements for non-renewable petroleum-based materials in SRFs, promoting sustainable practices and reducing potential toxicity in agricultural applications. The evolution of SRFs into multifunctional fertilizers is also discussed, emphasizing their expanding roles beyond controlled nutrient release. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Crops

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Benzoate anions-intercalated NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet array with enhanced stability for electrochemical seawater oxidation

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Nano Research Energy 2022年第3期1卷 35-43页

作者： Longcheng Zhang Jie Liang Luchao Yue Kai Dong Jun Li Donglin Zhao Zerong Li Shengjun Sun Yongsong Luo Qian Liu Guanwei Cui Abdulmohsen Ali Alshehri Xiaodong Guo Xuping Sun Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia

Seawater electrolysis is an extremely attractive approach for harvesting clean hydrogen energy,but detrimental chlorine species(i.e.,chloride and hypochlorite)cause severe corrosion at the ***,we report our recent finding that benzoate anions-intercalated NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet on carbon cloth(BZ-NiFe-LDH/CC)behaves as a highly efficient and durable monolithic catalyst for alkaline seawater oxidation,affords enlarged interlayer spacing of LDH,inhibits chlorine(electro)chemistry,and alleviates local pH drop of the *** only needs an overpotential of 320 mV to reach a current density of 500 mA·cm^(−2)in 1 M *** contrast to the fast activity decay of NiFe-LDH/CC counterpart during long-term electrolysis,BZ-NiFe-LDH/CC achieves stable 100-h electrolysis at an industrial-level current density of 500 mA·cm^(−2)in alkaline *** Raman spectroscopy studies further identify structural changes of disorderedδ(NiIII-O)during the seawater oxidation process.

关键词： seawater oxidation layered double hydroxide three-dimensional(3D)self-supported electrocatalysts anticorrosion operando Raman spectroscopy

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Performance LoRa Technology for Autonomous Vehicles 24

Performance LoRa Technology for Autonomous Vehicles

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24th International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications, ISITIA 2023

作者： Adi, Puput Dani Prasetyo Purnama, Iwan Siregar, Arfanda Anugrah Juledi, Angga Putra Edi, Firman Karim, Abdul Wahyu, Yuyu Maulana, Fairuz Iqbal Susilo, Suhardi Atmoko Budi Toni Harahap, Ilham Maliki Patria, Lintang Bandung Indonesia Labuhanbatu University Faculty of Science and Technology North Sumatra Labuhanbatu Indonesia Politeknik Negeri Medan Telecommunication Engineering Study Program North Sumatra Medan City Indonesia Batam Institute of Technology Faculty of Industrial Technology Department of Engineering Management Riau Islands Batam City Indonesia Budi Darma University Department of Information Technology North Sumatra Medan Indonesia Bina Nusantara University School of Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta Indonesia University Labuhanbatu Faculty of Teacher Training and Education North Sumatra Labuhanbatu Indonesia Universitas Terbuka Faculty of Engineering Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313956

This research is an approach to intelligent vehicles with a LoRa communication system, LoRaWAN compatible for Long-Range and Outdoor Communication, but in this paper, we will test the ability of LoRa to handle autonomous vehicles, a Blind-Adaptive Data method will be tried on vehicles systems. The system offered is when the vehicle is running, the sensor will send position data in real-time, the number of vehicles is four, and GPS data is sent alternately using the Blind Adaptive Data Rate principle to avoid data collisions, and when the GPS shows a certain position, the value of SF is ascertained, which affects the data rate and ToA, and the output given is RSSI on each car, speed of a car, power consumption of sensor nodes, signal power, SNR, Bit rate or data rate, and sensitivity. With the Blind ADR principle, it is ensured that there is no data collision between car position data that causes packet loss. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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chemical compounds in essential oil of nutmeg leaves (Myristica fragrans) from Batang Indonesia 10

Chemical compounds in essential oil of nutmeg leaves (Myrist...

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10th International Seminar on New Paradigm and Innovation of Natural Sciences and itsApplication, ISNPINSA 2020

作者： Kusumaningrum, H.P. Zainuri, M. Endrawati, H. Loka, B.D. Widiasa, I.N. Sulistyowati, E. Laboratory of Biotechnology Study Program of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Mathematics Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Laboratory of Oceanography Department of Oceanography Food Technology Department Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences Diponegoro University Indonesia Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Architecture Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

Nutmeg oil has an important function as natural tropical biomedicine activity which commonly found in Batang region. This essential oil is one of the dominant traditional export product from Batang instead of patchouli oil, Clove oil, and lemongrass oil. The objective of the research was to analyze chemical compound of essential oil of nutmeg leaves from Batang region produced by traditional destillation. Research methods was conducted by GCMS method. The biomedical activity against some tropical diseases was analysed in-silico. The results showed that essential oil from nutmeg leaves showed potential antimicroabial activities in silico againts several tropical diseases in skin. The GCMS result showed 2-.BETA.-PINENE and .gamma.-Terpinene as the major compound with values 34,46% and 30,28%. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Essential oils

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Cyclic thermal treatment parameters of bagasse particle reinforced epoxy bio-composites for sustainable applications

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Discover Polymers 2025年第1期2卷 1-22页

作者： Oladele, Isiaka Oluwole Falana, Samuel Olumide Ilesanmi Akinbamiyorin, Michael Onuh, Linus Nnabuike Taiwo, Anuoluwapo Samuel Adelani, Samson Oluwagbenga Olajesu, Olanrewaju Favor Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University Ames USA Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering University of Miskolc Miskolc Hungary Department of School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing Cranfield University Cranfield UK Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder USA

The demand for sustainable, high-performance materials has led to increased interest in bio-based composites. However, optimizing the mechanical properties of such materials for engineering applications remains a challenge. This study addresses this gap by developing and characterizing an epoxy-based biocomposite reinforced with sugarcane bagasse particles, focusing on the influence of cyclic thermal treatment on its properties. The bagasse particles were chemically treated with 1 M NaOH to remove impurities, improve interfacial bonding with the epoxy matrix, and enhance the overall composite performance. The treated particles j were pulverized to 470 µm and incorporated into the epoxy matrix (0–20 wt%) using the hand layup method. The composites were divided into untreated and thermally treated groups, with the latter subjected to cyclic thermal treatment (100 °C for 3 h over 7 days). Mechanical, wear, and water absorption properties were evaluated, while fractured surface morphologies were analyzed using SEM. Results revealed that cyclic thermal treatment significantly enhanced the composites’ performance, with the 15 wt% heat-treated composite showing optimal properties: density of 1.102 g/cm3, flexural strength of 29.13 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 103.50 MPa, impact strength of 3.49 kJ/m2, hardness of 64.70 HS, and wear indices of 0.034 mg. These findings demonstrate that alkali treatment and cyclic thermal treatment synergistically enhance the performance of bio-composites, making them suitable for diverse applications, including automotive, aerospace, and other engineering fields.

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3d Aerodynamic Blade Performance of a Novel Plant Airfoil

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Rosa, Firlya Soetikno, Priyono Suweca, I. Wayan Moelyadi, Mochammad Agoes Mechanical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung40132 Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Bangka Belitung 33172 Indonesia Fluid Machinery Laboratory Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering New and Renewable Research Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung40132 Indonesia

Based on the morphology of the banana leaf's midrib, this study investigates, designs, models, and analyzes the performance of a 3D airfoil in terms of aerodynamics. The objective is to discover if the banana leaf midrib airfoil is suitable for a low-wind-velocity horizontal-axis wind turbine. Model the aerodynamic analysis wind velocity at 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 meters per second applying QBLADE and ANSYS Fluent. The selected tip speed ratio is 6 for a blade with a radius of 12.5 m and a chord length of 3.180 m. The investigation is conducted in 3D with QBLADE and ANSYS Fluent. Single Reference Frame (SRF) approach with periodic boundary conditions in ANSYS Fluent. According to the data, the coefficient of power was calculated to be 0.46 when QBLADE was used. The average margin of error was 16.4 percentage points lower when using ANSYS FLUENT software instead of QBLADE. Blades with a banana leaf midrib airfoil profile can offer good power even at low wind speeds, as shown by both programs. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Morphology

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Fabrication of PSf/P84-blended membranes with low P84 content: Characteristics and gas separation performance

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Case Studies in chemical and Environmental engineering 2024年 10卷

作者： Kayadoe, Victor Widiastuti, Nurul Gunawan, Triyanda Salleh, Wan Norhayati Wan Fansuri, Hamzah Romadiansyah, Taufik Qodar Pratama, Agus Wedi Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Data Analytical Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Chemistry Education Study Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Pattimura University School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The demand for efficient and sustainable gas separation technologies is ever-increasing in various industries, including petrochemicals, natural gas processing, and carbon capture. Polymer-based membranes offer a promising solution due to their potential for high selectivity and energy efficiency. However, achieving optimal gas separation performance often requires overcoming the limitations of individual polymers through modifications such as polymer blending. In this study, PSf/P84 blended membranes with low P84 content were fabricated using the phase separation technique with a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran as solvents. The effect of varying the mass ratio of PSf to P84 on membrane characteristics and gas separation performance was investigated. Characterization techniques included FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, Water Contact Angle (WCA) measurement, and mechanical property testing. Gas permeation tests were conducted with single gases at room temperature and 1 bar pressure. The results revealed that the addition of P84 increased membrane thickness, Young's modulus, and thermal stability, while decreasing d-spacing, dense layer thickness, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, and elongation. The F_index values, indicating the competence of the blended membranes compared to the ideal quality, demonstrated the positive impact of P84 addition on gas separation performance compared to pure PSf membranes. The optimal gas separation selectivity was achieved with the PSf/P84 1:0.025 blended membrane for H₂/CH₄ (11.28, 58 % increase), H₂/CO₂ (6.25, 193 % increase), and H₂/N₂ (5.25, 35 % increase). The highest N₂/CH₄ selectivity (6.29, 253 % increase) was observed with the 1:0.10 composition. Regarding commercially relevant separations based on the 2008 Robeson curve, the PSf/P84 1:0.20 blend showed promise for H₂/CO₂ separation, while the 1:0.

关键词： Findex Low P84 content PSf/P84 blended membrane Robeson curve

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