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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Model Predictive control in Industry: Challenges and Opportunities

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015年第8期48卷 531-538页

作者： Michael G. Forbes Rohit S. Patwardhan Hamza Hamadah R. Bhushan Gopaluni Honeywell Process Solutions North Vancouver BC V7J 3S4 Canada Process & Control Systems Department Saudi Aramco Dhahran 31311 Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada

With decades of successful application of model predictive control (MPC) to industrial processes, practitioners are now focused on ease of commissioning, monitoring, and automation of maintenance. Many industries do not necessarily need better algorithms, but rather improved usability of existing technologies to allow a limited workforce of varying expertise to easily commission, use, and maintain these valued applications. Continuous performance monitoring, and automated model reidentification are being used as vendors work to deliver automated adaptive MPC. This paper examines industrial practice and emerging research trends towards providing sustained MPC performance.

关键词： industrial control process control model-based control predictive control adaptive control performance monitoring control applications human factors

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Development of absorbent for recycling tatami

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International Journal of the Society of Material engineering for Resources 2014年第2期20卷 196-200页

作者： Sugai, Yuma Kudou, Asuki Sato, Tsukasa Onodera, Ryoji Iizuka, Hiroshi Shishido, Michiaki Department of Control and Information Systems Engineering Tsuruoka National College of Technology 104 Swada Inooka Tsuruoka Yamagata997-8511 Japan Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Tsuruoka National College of Technology Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsuruoka National College of Technology Japan Faculy of Engineering Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata992-8510 Japan

Recently, Japanese tatami mats are dumped about 1 million per year. Most have not been reused, they are incinerated. Therefore, effective using of dumped tatami mat which replaced of incineration disposal is needed. In this research, the adsorption properties for air pollutants and waste water contaminants of carbonized tatami were evaluated. Carbonized tatami is prepared by carbonizing the tatami waste in a nitrogen gas atmosphere for 12 h at 800?. Rush grass which forms the tatami mat has a natural porous structure and it holds its structure after carbonizing. Water purification experiments of the adsorption properties of the carbonized tatami, adsorption of 2,4-DCP was superior compared to the adsorption properties of activated carbon made from coconut shell residual chlorine. On the other hand, the carbonized tatami shows good adsorption properties for formaldehyde in the gas phase adsorption experiments, and the same results as activated carbon made from coconut shell were obtained. Therefore, the adsorbent which made from carbonized tatami can be available for the gas phase adsorption than the liquid phase adsorption. © 2014 Soc. Mater. Eng. Resour. Japan.

关键词： Activated carbon

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Distributed stochastic optimization of a process plant start-up 19

Distributed stochastic optimization of a process plant start...

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19th IFAC World Congress on International Federation of Automatic control, IFAC 2014

作者： Martí, R. Navia, D. Sarabia, D. De Prada, C. Systems Engineering and Automatic Control Department University of Valladolid Valladolid47011 Spain Chemical Engineering Department Technical University Federico Santa María Santiago Chile Eelectromechanical Engineering Department Escuela Politécnica Superior University of Burgos Burgos Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823625

This paper presents a decentralized solution to the stochastic optimization problems that appear when uncertainty is considered explicitly using a set of scenarios in model based control and optimization. In particular, the paper deals with two-stage optimization problems, where the first-stage solution has to fulfil the constraints for all multiple scenarios simultaneously. To deal with the large size of the problem, a reformulation has been performed solving the optimization in parallel for as many deterministic problems as scenarios are, and coordinating their solutions in order to force a common decision for all of them, using a price-driven methodology followed by a sensitivity-based update. The methodology is illustrated with an example involving the optimal start-up of a hydrodesulphurization plant. © IFAC.

关键词： Optimization

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Sliding friction in seawater environment of porous carbon materials made from rice hull

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International Journal of the Society of Material engineering for Resources 2014年第2期20卷 191-195页

作者： Sato, Takahiro Endo, Kai Sato, Tsukasa Takahashi, Takeshi Iizuka, Hiroshi Shishido, Michiaki Department of Control and Information Systems Engineering Tsuruoka National College of Technology 104 Inookasawada Tsuruoka Yamagata997-8511 Japan Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Tsuruoka National College of Technology Japan Sanwa Yushi Co.Ltd. Tendo994-0044 Japan Department of Mechanical System Engineering Faculty of Engineering Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata992-85110 Japan

Rice hull, which is one of the agricultural wastes in Japan, is required to be reused from a viewpoint of recycling. The rice hull silica carbon (RHSC), made from rice hull is manufactured by mixing rice hull particles with a phenol resin, pressure forming, drying, and then carbonizing the mixture in the nitrogen gas environment at high temperatures. RHSC contains about 30 mass% of inorganic constituent and 70 mass% of organic constituent. The main inorganic constituent is silica (SiO2), which content is more than 95 mass%. Silica has excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. Thus, it can be expected improvement of water resistance. In this study, focusing on the sliding friction and the water resistance, which are a core competence, the sliding friction was evaluated through wear amount and dynamic friction coefficient in air and pure water and seawater. The results showed that the dynamic friction coefficient of RHSC in each environment was low excellent value from 0.11 to 0.15. The wear amount in the air was about 50 ?m in the 130 km running. By contrast, the wear amount in both pure water and seawater was reduced to 37 ?m and 2 ?m respectively. Thus, the use of RHSC can be expected in pure water and seawater. © 2014 Soc. Mater. Eng. Resour. Japan.

关键词： Carbon

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Improving differential evolution with impulsive control framework

Improving differential evolution with impulsive control fram...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Wei Du Sunney Yung Sun Leung Chun Kit Kwong Yang Tang Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon HK Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong The Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479974931

Differential evolution (DE) is a simple but powerful evolutionary algorithm, which has been widely and successfully used in many areas. In this paper, an impulsive control method is introduced to the DE framework, and the impulsive DE (IpDE) is proposed for improving the performance of DE. The impulsive control operation instantly moves the individuals which do not update for continuous pre-defined generations to a desired state based on the individuals with better fitness values in the current population. This way, IpDE controls individuals' positions in the space domain according to the stagnation status of the population. In order to validate the effectiveness of IpDE, the presented framework is applied to the original DE algorithms, as well as several state-of-the-art DE variants. Experimental results exhibit that IpDE is a simple but effective framework to improve the performance of the studied DE algorithms.

关键词： Sociology Statistics Optimization Radiation detectors Aerospace electronics Hybrid power systems Evolution (biology)

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Microwave pulping process for rice straw in basic ionic liquid [NH-(C2H4OH)3]+

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Journal of chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 2014年第8期6卷 260-263页

作者： Song, Wei Deng, Yu Xu, Ying Cui, Mingxian Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory and Applications in Complicated Systems Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory and Applications in Complicated Systems Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China

This paper makes study of microwave pulping process for rice straw in basic ionic liquid [NH-(C2H4OH)3]+. Ionic liquid is synthesized and the experiments are carried out on pulping process. The pulp yields are close to 40%. It belongs to the high yield chemical pulp. The average recovery rate of ionic liquid is 94%, which makes pulping process no pollution, that is, no black liquor. Test results show that the paper properties satisfy the general requirements of paper. XRD result indicates that rice straw cellulose crystal type is no obvious change after ionic liquid microwave cooking pulping. The damage degree of rice straw fiber is small. SEM analysis shows that the basic ionic liquid has a strong penetration under the supplementary role of microwave radiation. There is nosignificant difference for pulp fiber morphology by microscope observation after cooking pulping as well as and fiber length&width detection. These results show that the microwave pulping process for rice straw in basic ionic liquid is in line with the grasses pulping characteristics. © 2014, Journal of chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Microwaves

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Errors-in-variables identification in bilaterally coupled systems with application to oil well testing 19

Errors-in-variables identification in bilaterally coupled sy...

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19th IFAC World Congress on International Federation of Automatic control, IFAC 2014

作者： Mansoori, Mehdi Dankers, Arne Van Den Hof, Paul M.J. Delft Center for Systems and Control Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2 Delft2628 CD Netherlands Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department Sharif University of Technology Azadi St. Tehran Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823625

Bilaterally coupled models are a genuine tool for modeling interconnected physical systems. It is shown that identification problems in bilaterally coupled systems can be recast into a closed-loop identification problem. When all measured signals are subject to sensor noise a closed-loop errors-in-variables problem results, for which an attractive non-parametric and instrumental-variable solutions are presented. The developed methods are applied to an example from oil reservoir engineering, being the estimation of reservoir dynamics from measurements at the well bore. © IFAC.

关键词： Oil well testing

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Basic studies of evaluation method of lubricants for powder metallurgy - First report

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Funtai Oyobi Fummatsu Yakin/Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 2014年第3期61卷 122-130页

作者： Adachi, Kyoushi Fujiki, Akira R and D Laboratory Adeka Chemical Supply Corporation 7-2-34 Higashiogu Arakawa-ku Tokyo 116-0012 Japan Department of Mechanical Control Systems Faculty of System Science and Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology 307 Fukasaku Minuma-ku Saitama 337-8570 Japan

This study is related with the new apparatus of measuring the friction characteristic of the powder lubricant currently used in powder metallurgy, which are solid state condition. We developed the slip-type frictional tester with metal interface, and obtained the coefficient of friction more accurately than that of the ball-on-disk type friction without adhesive wear. Static and kinetic coefficients of friction are obtained from 0.23 to 0.36, and wax lubricants tend to show the value higher than that of the compounds containing metal soap.

关键词： Powder metallurgy

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A tuning approach for offset-free MPC with conditional reference adaptation 19

A tuning approach for offset-free MPC with conditional refer...

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19th IFAC World Congress on International Federation of Automatic control, IFAC 2014

作者： Waschl, Harald Jørgensen, John Bagterp Huusom, Jakob Kjøbsted Del Re, Luigi Institute for Design and Control of Mechatronical Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Denmark Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823625

Model predictive control has become a widely accepted strategy in industrial applications in the recent years. Often mentioned reasons for the success are the optimization based on a system model, consideration of constraints and an intuitive tuning process. However, as soon as unknown disturbances or model plant mismatch have to be taken into account the tuning effort to achieve offset-free tracking increases. In this work a novel approach for offset-free MPC is presented, which divides the tuning in two steps, the setup of a nominal MPC loop and an external reference adaptation. The inner nominal loop addresses the performance targets in the nominal case, decouples the system and essentially leads to a first order response. The second outer loop enables offset-free tracking in case of unknown disturbances and consists of feedback controllers adapting the reference. Due to the mentioned properties these controllers can be tuned separate and by known guidelines. To address conditions with active input constraints, additionally a conditional reference adaptation scheme is introduced. The tuning strategy is evaluated on a simulated linear Wood-Berry binary distillation column example. © IFAC.

关键词： Predictive control systems

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