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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ye, Junzhi Mondal, Navendu Carwithen, Ben P. Zhang, Yunwei Dai, Linjie Fan, Xiangbin Mao, Jian Cui, Zhiqiang Ghosh, Pratyush Otero‐Martínez, Clara van Turnhout, Lars Yu, Zhongzheng Chen, Ziming Greenham, Neil C. Stranks, Samuel D. Polavarapu, Lakshminarayana Bakulin, Artem Rao, Akshay Hoye, Robert L.Z. Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 11880 CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of Oxford South Parks Road OxfordOX1 3QR United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Centre for Processable Electronics Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub 83 Wood Lane LondonW12 0BZ United Kingdom School of Physics Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510275 China Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0AS United Kingdom Department of Engineering University of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue CambridgeCB3 0FA United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception Institute of Optoelectronics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas Marcosende Vigo36310 Spain Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom

Defect tolerance is a critical enabling factor for efficient lead-halide perovskite materials, but the current understanding is primarily on band-edge (cold) carriers, with significant debate over whether hot carriers (HCs) can also exhibit defect tolerance. Here, this important gap in the field is addressed by investigating how internationally-introduced traps affect HC relaxation in CsPbX3 nanocrystals (X = Br, I, or mixture). Using femtosecond interband and intraband spectroscopy, along with energy-dependent photoluminescence measurements and kinetic modelling, it is found that HCs are not universally defect tolerant in CsPbX3, but are strongly correlated to the defect tolerance of cold carriers, requiring shallow traps to be present (as in CsPbI3). It is found that HCs are directly captured by traps, instead of going through an intermediate cold carrier, and deeper traps cause faster HC cooling, reducing the effects of the hot phonon bottleneck and Auger reheating. This work provides important insights into how defects influence HCs, which will be important for designing materials for hot carrier solar cells, multiexciton generation, and optical gain media. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Hot carriers

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Observation of topological flat bands in the kagome semiconductor Nb3Cl8

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sun, Zhenyu Zhou, Hui Wang, Cuixiang Kumar, Shiv Geng, Daiyu Yue, Shaosheng Han, Xin Haraguchi, Yuya Shimada, Kenya Cheng, Peng Chen, Lan Shi, Youguo Wu, Kehui Meng, Sheng Feng, Baojie Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center Hiroshima University 2-313 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima739-0046 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Tokyo184-8588 Japan School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Guangdong Dongguan523808 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The destructive interference of wavefunctions in a kagome lattice can give rise to topological flat bands (TFBs) with a highly degenerate state of electrons. Recently, TFBs have been observed in several kagome metals, including Fe3Sn2, FeSn, CoSn, and YMn6Sn6. Nonetheless, kagome materials that are both exfoliable and semiconducting are lacking, which seriously hinders their device applications. Herein, we show that Nb3Cl8, which hosts a breathing kagome lattice, is gapped out because of the absence of inversion symmetry, while the TFBs survive because of the protection of the mirror reflection symmetry. By angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements and first-principles calculations, we directly observe the TFBs and a moderate band gap in Nb3Cl8. By mechanical exfoliation, we successfully obtain monolayer Nb3Cl8 which is stable under ambient conditions. In addition, our calculations show that monolayer Nb3Cl8 have a magnetic ground state, thus providing opportunities to study the interplay between geometry, topology, and magnetism. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Chlorine compounds

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Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of Rashba semiconductor BiTeBr with intensive texture

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Rare Metals 2018年第4期37卷 274-281页

作者： Jia-Zhan Xin Chen-Guang Fu Wu-Jun Shi Guo-Wei Li Gudrun Auffermann Yan-Peng Qi Tie-Jun Zhu Xin-Bing Zhao Claudia Felser Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids 01187 Dresden Germany State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China

Bismuth tellurohalides with Rashba-type spin splitting exhibit unique Fermi surface topology and are developed as promising thermoelectric materials. However, BiTeBr, which belongs to this class of materials, is rarely investigated in terms of the thermoelectric transport properties. In the study, polycrystalline bulk BiTeBr with intensive texture was synthesized via spark plasma sintering （SPS）. Additionally, its thermoelectric properties above room temperature were investigated along both the inplane and out-plane directions, and they exhibit strong anisotropy. Low sound velocity along two directions is found and contributes to its low lattice thermal conductivity. Polycrystalline BiTeBr exhibits relatively good thermoelectric performance along the in-plane direction, with a maximum dimensionless figure of merit （ZT） of 0.35 at 560 K. Further enhancements of ZT are expected by utilizing systematic optimization strategies.

关键词： Bismuth tellurohalides BiTeBr Thermoelectric properties Texture

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Phase equilibrium of water with hexagonal and cubic ice using the SCAN functional

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Piaggi, Pablo Miguel Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z. Debenedetti, Pablo G. Car, Roberto Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Machine learning models are rapidly becoming widely used to simulate complex physicochemical phenomena with ab initio accuracy. Here, we use one such model as well as direct density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the phase equilibrium of water, hexagonal ice (Ih), and cubic ice (Ic), with an eye towards studying ice nucleation. The machine learning model is based on deep neural networks and has been trained on DFT data obtained using the SCAN exchange and correlation functional. We use this model to drive enhanced sampling simulations aimed at calculating a number of complex properties that are out of reach of DFT-driven simulations and then employ an appropriate reweighting procedure to compute the corresponding properties for the SCAN functional. This approach allows us to calculate the melting temperature of both ice polymorphs, the driving force for nucleation, the heat of fusion, the densities at the melting temperature, the relative stability of ice Ih and Ic, and other properties. We find a correct qualitative prediction of all properties of interest. In some cases, quantitative agreement with experiment is better than for state-of-the-art semiempirical potentials for water. Our results also show that SCAN correctly predicts that ice Ih is more stable than ice Ic. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ice

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Incorporating Transition‐Metal Phosphides Into Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalysis

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Angewandte Chemie 2020年第50期132卷 22937-22943页

作者： Kang Sun Meng Liu Junzhe Pei Dr. Dandan Li Dr. Chunmei Ding Prof. Dr. Kaifeng Wu Prof. Dr. Hai‐Long Jiang Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 P. R. China Institutes of Physics Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 P. R. China

Monodisperse, small‐size, and noble‐metal‐free cocatalysts of transition‐metal phosphides, such as Ni2P and Ni12P5, have been incorporated into metal‐organic frameworks. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies demonstrate that Pt as a cocatalyst is thermodynamically favorable, yet Ni2P is kinetically preferred in photocatalytic H2 production. Taking all factors into account, Ni2P exhibits an even better photocatalytic H2‐production activity than ***‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to be an excellent platform in photocatalysis. However, to suppress electron–hole recombination, a Pt cocatalyst is usually inevitable, especially in photocatalytic H2 production, which greatly limits practical application. Herein, for the first time, monodisperse, small‐size, and noble‐metal‐free transitional‐metal phosphides (TMPs; for example, Ni2P, Ni12P5), are incorporated into a representative MOF, UiO‐66‐NH2, for photocatalytic H2 production. Compared with the parent MOF and their physical mixture, both TMPs@MOF composites display significantly improved H2 production rates. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies reveal that TMPs, behaving similar ability to Pt, greatly accelerate the linker‐to‐cluster charge transfer, promote charge separation, and reduce the activation energy of H2 production. Significantly, the results indicate that Pt is thermodynamically favorable, yet Ni2P is kinetically preferred for H2 production, accounting for the higher activity of Ni2P@UiO‐66‐NH2 than Pt@UiO‐66‐*** a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re‐organized for online delivery, but are not copy‐edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the *** note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (

关键词： cocatalysts hydrogen production metal-organic frameworks photocatalysis transition-metal phosphides

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Study of γγ→γψ(2S) at Belle

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physical Review D 2022年第11期105卷 112011-112011页

作者： X. L. Wang B. S. Gao W. J. Zhu I. Adachi H. Aihara S. Al Said D. M. Asner H. Atmacan V. Aulchenko T. Aushev R. Ayad V. Babu S. Bahinipati P. Behera V. Bhardwaj B. Bhuyan T. Bilka J. Biswal A. Bobrov G. Bonvicini A. Bozek M. Bračko M. Campajola D. Červenkov M.-C. Chang V. Chekelian A. Chen B. G. Cheon K. Chilikin H. E. Cho K. Cho S.-K. Choi Y. Choi S. Choudhury D. Cinabro S. Cunliffe S. Das G. De Nardo R. Dhamija F. Di Capua Z. Doležal T. V. Dong S. Eidelman T. Ferber D. Ferlewicz A. Frey B. G. Fulsom R. Garg V. Gaur N. Gabyshev A. Garmash A. Giri P. Goldenzweig B. Golob C. Hadjivasiliou T. Hara O. Hartbrich K. Hayasaka H. Hayashii M. T. Hedges W.-S. Hou C.-L. Hsu T. Iijima K. Inami A. Ishikawa R. Itoh M. Iwasaki Y. Iwasaki W. W. Jacobs S. Jia Y. Jin C. W. Joo K. K. Joo J. Kahn K. H. Kang T. Kawasaki C. Kiesling C. H. Kim D. Y. Kim S. H. Kim Y.-K. Kim P. Kodyš T. Konno A. Korobov S. Korpar E. Kovalenko P. Križan R. Kroeger P. Krokovny R. Kulasiri M. Kumar R. Kumar K. Kumara A. Kuzmin Y.-J. Kwon K. Lalwani J. S. Lange I. S. Lee S. C. Lee P. Lewis J. Li L. K. Li Y. B. Li L. Li Gioi J. Libby K. Lieret D. Liventsev C. MacQueen M. Masuda T. Matsuda D. Matvienko M. Merola F. Metzner K. Miyabayashi R. Mizuk G. B. Mohanty M. Mrvar R. Mussa M. Nakao Z. Natkaniec A. Natochii L. Nayak M. Nayak M. Niiyama N. K. Nisar S. Nishida K. Nishimura S. Ogawa H. Ono Y. Onuki P. Oskin P. Pakhlov G. Pakhlova T. Pang S. Pardi H. Park S.-H. Park S. Patra S. Paul T. K. Pedlar R. Pestotnik L. E. Piilonen T. Podobnik V. Popov E. Prencipe M. T. Prim M. Röhrken A. Rostomyan N. Rout G. Russo D. Sahoo S. Sandilya A. Sangal L. Santelj T. Sanuki G. Schnell C. Schwanda Y. Seino K. Senyo M. E. Sevior M. Shapkin C. Sharma C. P. Shen J.-G. Shiu B. Shwartz F. Simon J. B. Singh A. Sokolov E. Solovieva S. Stanič M. Starič Z. S. Stottler M. Sumihama M. Takizawa U. Tamponi F. Tenchini M. Uchida S. Uehara T. Uglov Y. Unno S. Uno P. Urquijo Y. Usov R. Van Tonder G. Varner A. Vossen E. Waheed C. H. Wang M.-Z. Wang P. Wang M. Watanabe S. Watanuki O. Werbycka E. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) and Institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200443 People’s Republic of China High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Hayama 240-0193 Japan Department of Physics University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Tabuk Tabuk 71451 Saudi Arabia Department of Physics Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation Higher School of Economics (HSE) Moscow 101000 Russian Federation Deutsches Elektronen–Synchrotron 22607 Hamburg Germany Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar 752050 India Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306 India Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University 121 16 Prague The Czech Republic J. Stefan Institute 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 USA H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Krakow 31-342 Poland Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Maribor 2000 Maribor Slovenia INFN—Sezione di Napoli 80126 Napoli Italy Università di Napoli Federico II 80126 Napoli Italy Department of Physics Fu Jen Catholic University Taipei 24205 Taiwan Max-Planck-Institut für Physik 80805 München Germany National Central University Chung-li 32054 Taiwan Department of Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences Hanyang University Seoul 04763 South Korea P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Scien

Using 980 fb−1 of data at and around the ϒ(nS) (n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) resonances collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider, the two-photon process γγ→γψ(2S) is studied from the threshold to 4.2 GeV for the first time. Two structures are seen in the invariant mass distribution of γψ(2S): one at MR1=3922.4±6.5±2.0 MeV/c2 with a width of ΓR1=22±17±4 MeV, and another at MR2=4014.3±4.0±1.5 MeV/c2 with a width of ΓR2=4±11±6 MeV; the signals are parametrized with the incoherent sum of two Breit-Wigner functions. The first structure is consistent with the X(3915) or the χc2(3930), and the local statistical significance is determined to be 3.1σ with the systematic uncertainties included. The second matches none of the known charmonium or charmoniumlike states, and its global significance is determined to be 2.8σ including the look-elsewhere effect. The production rates are ΓγγB(R1→γψ(2S))=9.8±3.6±1.3 eV assuming (JPC,|λ|)=(0++,0) or 2.0±0.7±0.2 eV with (2++,2) for the first structure and ΓγγB(R2→γψ(2S))=6.2±2.2±0.8 eV with (0++,0) or 1.2±0.4±0.2 eV with (2++,2) for the second. Here, the first errors are statistical and the second systematic, and λ is the helicity.

关键词： Particle interactions

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Multimuons in cosmic-ray events as seen in ALICE at the LHC

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Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle physics 2025年第4期2025卷 009-009页

作者： Acharya, S. Agarwal, A. Aglieri Rinella, G. Aglietta, L. Agnello, M. Agrawal, N. Ahammed, Z. Ahmad, S. Ahn, S.U. Ahuja, I. Akindinov, A. Akishina, V. Al-Turany, M. Aleksandrov, D. Alessandro, B. Alfanda, H.M. Alfaro Molina, R. Ali, B. Alici, A. Alizadehvandchali, N. Alkin, A. Alme, J. Alocco, G. Alt, T. Altamura, A.R. Altsybeev, I. Alvarado, J.R. Alvarez, C.O.R. Anaam, M.N. Andrei, C. Andreou, N. Andronic, A. Andronov, E. Anguelov, V. Antinori, F. Antonioli, P. Apadula, N. Aphecetche, L. Appelshäuser, H. Arata, C. Arcelli, S. Arnaldi, R. Arneiro, J.G.M.C.A. Arsene, I.C. Arslandok, M. Augustinus, A. Averbeck, R. Averyanov, D. Azmi, M.D. Baba, H. Badalà, A. Bae, J. Bae, Y. Baek, Y.W. Bai, X. Bailhache, R. Bailung, Y. Bala, R. Balbino, A. Baldisseri, A. Balis, B. Banoo, Z. Barbasova, V. Barile, F. Barioglio, L. Barlou, M. Barman, B. Barnaföldi, G.G. Barnby, L.S. Barreau, E. Barret, V. Barreto, L. Bartels, C. Barth, K. Bartsch, E. Bastid, N. Basu, S. Batigne, G. Battistini, D. Batyunya, B. Bauri, D. Bazo Alba, J.L. Bearden, I.G. Beattie, C. Becht, P. Behera, D. Belikov, I. Bell Hechavarria, A.D.C. Bellini, F. Bellwied, R. Belokurova, S. Beltran, L.G.E. Beltran, Y.A.V. Bencedi, G. Bensaoula, A. Beole, S. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikova, A. Bergmann, L. Besoiu, M.G. Betev, L. Bhaduri, P.P. Bhasin, A. Bhattacharjee, B. Bianchi, L. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, J. Bigot, A.P. Bilandzic, A. Biro, G. Biswas, S. Bize, N. Blair, J.T. Blau, D. Blidaru, M.B. Bluhme, N. Blume, C. Bock, F. Bodova, T. Bok, J. Boldizsár, L. Bombara, M. Bond, P.M. Bonomi, G. Borel, H. Borissov, A. Borquez Carcamo, A.G. Botta, E. Bouziani, Y.E.M. Bratrud, L. Braun-Munzinger, P. Bregant, M. Broz, M. Bruno, G.E. Buchakchiev, V.D. Buckland, M.D. Budnikov, D. Buesching, H. Bufalino, S. Buhler, P. Burmasov, N. Buthelezi, Z. Bylinkin, A. Bysiak, S.A. Cabanillas Noris, J.C. Cabrera, M.F.T. Caines, H. Caliva, A. Calvo Villar, E. Camacho, J.M.M. Camerini, P. Canedo, F.D.M. Cantway, S.L. Carabas, M. Carballo, A.A. Carnesecchi, F. Caron, R. Carvalho, L.A.D. Castillo Castel A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation Yerevan Armenia AGH University of Krakow Cracow Poland Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev Ukraine Bose Institute Department of Physics Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS) Kolkata India California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA United States Central China Normal University Wuhan China Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN) Havana Cuba Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) Mérida Mexico City Mexico Chicago State University Chicago IL United States China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Chungbuk National University Cheongju South Korea Comenius University Bratislava Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics Bratislava Slovakia Creighton University Omaha NE United States Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Department of Physics Pusan National University Pusan South Korea Department of Physics Sejong University Seoul South Korea Department of Physics University of California Berkeley CA United States Department of Physics University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Sezione INFN Cagliari Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Sezione INFN Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Sezione INFN Bologna Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Sezione INFN Catania Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università Sezione INFN Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università Gruppo Collegato INFN Salerno Italy Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico Sezione

ALICE is a large experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Located 52 meters underground, its detectors are suitable to measure muons produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere. In this paper, the studies of the cosmic muons registered by ALICE during Run 2 (2015–2018) are described. The analysis is limited to multimuon events defined as events with more than four detected muons (N_µ > 4) and in the zenith angle range 0^◦ < θ < 50^◦. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations using three of the main hadronic interaction models describing the air shower development in the atmosphere: QGSJET-II-04, EPOS-LHC, and SIBYLL 2.3d. The interval of the primary cosmic-ray energy involved in the measured muon multiplicity distribution is about 4×10¹⁵ < E_prim < 6×10¹⁶ eV. In this interval none of the three models is able to describe precisely the trend of the composition of cosmic rays as the energy increases. However, QGSJET-II-04 is found to be the only model capable of reproducing reasonably well the muon multiplicity distribution, assuming a heavy composition of the primary cosmic rays over the whole energy range, while SIBYLL 2.3d and EPOS-LHC underpredict the number of muons in a large interval of multiplicity by more than 20% and 30%, respectively. The rate of high muon multiplicity events (N_µ > 100) obtained with QGSJET-II-04 and SIBYLL 2.3d is compatible with the data, while EPOS-LHC produces a significantly lower rate (55% of the measured rate). For both QGSJET-II-04 and SIBYLL 2.3d, the rate is close to the data when the composition is assumed to be dominated by heavy elements, an outcome compatible with the average energy E_prim ∼ 10¹⁷ eV of these events. This result places significant constraints on more exotic production mechanisms. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： cosmic ray experiments cosmic rays detectors

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Effects of galaxy environment on merger fraction

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Pearson, W.J. Santos, D.J.D. Goto, T. Huang, T.-C. Kim, S.J. Matsuhara, H. Pollo, A. Ho, S.C.-C. Hwang, H.S. Malek, K. Nakagawa, T. Romano, M. Serjeant, S. Suelves, L. Shim, H. White, G.J. National Centre for Nuclear Research Pasteura 7 Warszawa02-093 Poland Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Giesenbachstrase 1 GarchingD-85748 Germany Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2. Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Space and Astronautical Science Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Shonankokusaimura Hayama Miura District Kanagawa240-0193 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa252-5210 Japan Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics The Australian National University CanberraACT2611 Australia Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology P.O. Box 218 HawthornVIC3122 Australia OzGrav: The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for GravitationalWave Discovery HawthornVIC3122 Australia ASTRO3D: The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics in 3D ACT2611 Australia Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5 PadovaI-35122 Italy School of Physical Sciences The Open University Walton Hall Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom Department of Earth Science Education Kyungpook National University 80 Daehak-ro Buk-gu Daegu41566 Korea Republic of Space Science and Technology Division RALSpace STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton DidcotOX11 0QX United Kingdom

Aims. In this work, we intend to examine how environment influences the merger fraction, from the low density field environment to higher density groups and clusters. We also aim to study how the properties of a group or cluster, as well as the position of a galaxy in the group or cluster, influences the merger fraction. *** identified galaxy groups and clusters in the North Ecliptic Pole using a friends-of-friends algorithm and the local density. Once identified, we determined the central galaxies, group radii, velocity dispersions, and group masses of these groups and clusters. Merging systems were identified with a neural network as well as *** these, we examined how the merger fraction changes as the local density changes for all galaxies as well as how the merger fraction changes as the properties of the groups or clusters change. Results. We find that the merger fraction increases as local density increases and decreases as the velocity dispersion increases, as is often found in literature. A decrease in merger fraction as the group mass increases is also found. We also find groups with larger radii have higher merger fractions. The number of galaxies in a group does not influence the merger fraction. Conclusions. The decrease in merger fraction as group mass increases is a result of the link between group mass and velocity dispersion. Hence, this decrease of merger fraction with increasing mass is a result of the decrease of merger fraction with velocity dispersion. The increasing relation between group radii and merger fraction may be a result of larger groups having smaller velocity dispersion at a larger distance from the centre or larger groups hosting smaller, infalling groups with more mergers. However, we do not find evidence of smaller groups having higher merger fractions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Nanoporous Co-Ni-based materials for electrocatalysis applications

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3251卷

作者： Olexiy Yakovenko Peter Švec Dusan Janickovic Peter Švec, Sr. Tadeusz Kulik Grzegorz Cieslak Maryana Akulcheva Yaroslav Kurys Oleksandr Roik Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Chemical Department Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi Street 12 Kyiv 01033 Ukraine Institute of Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Dúbravská cesta 9 845 11 Bratislava Slovak Republic Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Warsaw University of Technology Woloska Street 141 Warsaw 02-507 Poland L.V. Pysarzhevskii Institute of Physical Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31 Nauki Prospect 03028 Kyiv Ukraine

The development of porous materials based on 3d-transition metals (TM), which are abundant and substantially cheaper in comparison with noble metals, is highly desirable for electrocatalyst applications. Porous metals and (more importantly) porous multicomponent alloys regardless of components' chemical activity can be fabricated by the vapor-phase dealloying (VPD) method, which is based on the selective removal of a component with a high partial vapor pressure (usually Zn) from an alloy precursor. This method has been applied to fabricate porous Co-Ni-based alloys using as-quenched (Co4Cu)5Zn21, (Co3NiCu)5Zn21, (Co2Ni2Cu)5Zn21, (CoNi3Cu)5Zn21 and (Ni4Cu)5Zn21 precursor alloys. It may be noted that adding Cu to precursor alloys results in their considerably better ductility. The SEM micrographs of the fabricated porous alloys revealed a spongy microstructure with large (500 nm) and small (less than 200 nm) pores. The specific surface area of porous alloys calculated according to the multi-point BET method using data from the N2 adsorption/desorption experiment was in the range of 3 to 17 m2/g. XRD analysis of the precursor as-cast ribbons showed that their microstructure is very complex based on ε-CuZn5, Co3Zn17, CoZn13, and Ni3Zn22 intermetallic compounds. XRD investigations indicate the formation of two solid solutions with FCC structure during VPD treatment of Co-Cu-Zn and Co-Cu-Ni-Zn precursor alloys. In the case of the VPD treatment of the Ni-Cu-Zn as-cast ribbon, a single-phase FCC solid solution was formed. The XRD analysis has also revealed that the surface of fabricated porous alloys is covered by ZnO. The results of the study of the electrocatalytic activity of prepared porous alloys in the НЕR and OER reactions indicated that the best activity was demonstrated by porous alloys, where the main component is cobalt with low nickel content.

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Neural networks in pulsed dipolar spectroscopy: A practical guide

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Keeley, Jake Choudhury, Tajwar Galazzo, Laura Bordignon, Enrica Feintuch, Akiva Goldfarb, Daniella Russell, Hannah Taylor, Michael J. Lovett, Janet E. Eggeling, Andrea Ibanez, Luis Fabregas Keller, Katharina Yulikov, Maxim Jeschke, Gunnar Kuprov, Ilya School of Chemistry University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom Department of Physical Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 GenevaCH-1211 Switzerland Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot7610001 Israel SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy BSRC University of St Andrews North Haugh St AndrewsKY16 9SS United Kingdom Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 2 ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland

This is a methodological guide to the use of deep neural networks in the processing of pulsed dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) data encountered in structural biology, organic photovoltaics, photosynthesis re-search, and other domains featuring long-lived radical pairs and paramagnetic metal ions. PDS uses distance dependence of magnetic dipolar interactions;measuring a single well-defined distance is straightforward, but extracting distance distributions is a hard and mathematically ill-posed problem requiring careful regularisation and background fitting. Neural networks do this exceptionally well, but their "robust black box" reputation hides the complexity of their design and training - particularly when the training dataset is effectively infinite. The objective of this paper is to give insight into train-ing against simulated databases, to discuss network architecture choices, to describe options for han-dling DEER (double electron-electron resonance) and RIDME (relaxation-induced dipolar modulation enhancement) experiments, and to provide a practical data processing flowchart. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metal ions

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