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Cementing the grain boundary defects in the strain relaxed mixed Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells

chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 516卷

作者： Kumar, Abhishek Ansari, Zeeshan Alam Hanmandlu, Chintam Banerjee, Soumallya Chen, Yu-Te Yang, Po-Yu Musa, Ahmed Fouad You, Yun-Wen Pao, Chun-Wei Wei, Tzu-Chien Shyue, Jing-Jong Lu, Yu-Jung Chu, Chih-Wei Department of Physics National Taiwan University Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica 128 Academia Road Section 2 Taipei Nangang11529 Taiwan Nano-Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu City300044 Taiwan College of Engineering Center for Green Technology Chang Gung University Taoyuan City333002 Taiwan Department of Photonics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu City30010 Taiwan Institute of Applied Mechanics National Taiwan University Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan

Mixed Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer a promising avenue for achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) due to their narrow bandgaps and substantial optical absorption in the visible–near-infrared region. However, the disparated reaction kinetics of PbI2 and SnI2 with organic salts, resulting in an uneven spatial distribution of Sn2+ and Pb2+ within the perovskite lattice, inducing micro-strain in the film and a Sn-rich surface vulnerable to oxidation-Sn2+ to Sn4+, thereby elevating nonradiative recombination. Here, we report the incorporation of 2,5-Dibromo-3,4-pyridinediamine (DBPDA) as an additive in the mixed Sn-Pb perovskite precursor solution, designed to mitigate micro-strain formation, reduce defect density by suppressing Sn4+ formation, and enhance the passivation of undercoordinated Sn/Pb species through synergistic bonding interaction. The best performing PSCs achieved an impressive PCE of 21.24 % with a high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.85 V, alongside significantly improved long-term stability, retaining near 80 % of their initial PCE after 1,008 h in a nitrogen-filled glovebox without encapsulation. In contrast, the control devices retained only 18 % of their initial efficiency under identical conditions. Additionally, an enhanced field effect hole mobility, increasing from 0.18 cm2/V-s in the control film to 1.43 cm2/V-s in the target film, was achieved in mixed Sn-Pb perovskite thin film transistors (TFTs) using these films as active layers. These findings present a viable strategy for strain-relieved perovskite films, enabling stable and high-performance mixed Sn-Pb PSCs and TFTs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Crystallization kinetics

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Strain-programmable van der Waals magnetic tunnel junctions

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Cenker, John Ovchinnikov, Dmitry Yang, Harvey Chica, Daniel G. Zhu, Catherine Cai, Jiaqi Diederich, Geoffrey Liu, Zhaoyu Zhu, Xiaoyang Roy, Xavier Cao, Ting Daniels, Matthew W. Chu, Jiun-Haw Xiao, Di Xu, Xiaodong Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Chemistry Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program University of Washington SeattleWA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States

The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is a backbone device for spintronics. Realizing next generation energy efficient MTJs will require operating mechanisms beyond the standard means of applying magnetic fields or large electrical currents. Here, we demonstrate a new concept for programmable MTJ operation via strain control of the magnetic states of CrSBr, a layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor used as the tunnel barrier. Switching the CrSBr from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order generates a giant tunneling magnetoresistance ratio without external magnetic field at temperatures up to ≈ 140 K. When the static strain is set near the phase transition, applying small strain pulses leads to active flipping of layer magnetization with controlled layer number and thus magnetoresistance states. Further, finely adjusting the static strain to a critical value turns on stochastic switching between metastable states, with a strain-tunable sigmoidal response curve akin to the stochastic binary neuron. Our results highlight the potential of strain-programmable van der Waals MTJs towards spintronic applications, such as magnetic memory, random number generation, and probabilistic and neuromorphic computing. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tunnel junctions

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Novel synthesis of nickel-based bimetallic compounds using ammonium tetrafluoroborate and ammonium bifluoride as structure directing agents for energy storage application

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Journal of Energy Storage 2024年 75卷

作者： Kuo, Tsung-Rong Yu, You Zher Lee, Pin-Yan Wu, Chung-Hsien Chen, Hung-Ming Husain, Sadang Kongvarhodom, Chutima Ho, Kuo-Chuan Lin, Lu-Yin International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Gingen Technology Co. LTD. Rm. 7 10F. No.189 Sec. 2 Keelung Rd. Xinyi Dist. Taipei11054 Taiwan Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin70124 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi 126 Pracha-u-thit Toong-kru Bangkok10140 Thailand

Nickel-based compounds are widely applied as the active material for energy storage devices, owing to high theoretical capacity and easy-fabricated process. Bimetallic compounds having multiple redox states can provide abundant redox reactions for charge storage. Structure directing agent (SDA) can promote the preferable growth of active materials and to enhance energy storage abilities. In this work, NH4BF4 and NH4HF2 are firstly used as SDA to synthesize nickel-based compounds along with 2-methylmidozole in the one-step solution process for energy storage applications. The bimetallic compounds are synthesized by incorporating Al, Mn, Co, Cu and Zn salts in the precursor solution including the Ni salt. The system with Al, Cu or Zn possesses single metal compound and barely nickel compound. Mn and Co-incorporated systems present clear bimetallic components with nickel hydroxide. The highest specific capacitance (CF) of 1336.3 F/g (297.0 mAh/g) are achieved at 20 mV/s for the NiCo-based electrode, owing to the bimetallic feature and favorable two-dimensional sheet-like structures. An energy storage device is assembled using the NiCo-based compound and reduced graphene oxide electrodes. The maximum energy density of 10.5 Wh/kg at 0.3 kW/kg, and the CF retention of 78.5% and Coulombic efficiency of 85.2% are achieved after 10,000 times charge/discharge cycles. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Energy storage

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Crystal-plane-dependent redox reaction on Cu surfaces

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Nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1677-1685页

作者： Yangsheng Li Hao Chen Weijia Wang Wugen Huang Yanxiao Ning Qingfei Liu Yi Cui Yong Han Zhi Liu Fan Yang Xinhe Bao State Key Laboratory of Catalysis CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China

The dynamic redox process of surface oxide layers on metal surfaces is of great significance for understanding the active phase in catalytic *** studied the formation of surface oxide layers on Cu(111)and Cu(110)in O2,as well as the subsequent reduction by CO using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).By monitoring and comparing the oxidation process of Cu(111)and Cu(110)surfaces,we found a crystal-plane-dependent reaction mechanism,which also applies to the reduction of surface oxide layers on Cu *** found XPS Cu spectra cannot be used to identify the various surface oxide layer on Cu surfaces,suggesting their presence in catalytic reactions might have been *** combination of STM and XPS studies are thus advantageous in identifying surface oxide structures and pinpointing the active phases in the redox process,which paves the way for engineering the catalyst and reaction environment for optimized catalytic performances.

关键词： in situ STM NAP-XPS surface oxide Cu(111) Cu(110)

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Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy for Probing DC Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene

Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy for Probing DC Conductivi...

引用

Western New York Image Processing Workshop (WNYIPW)

作者： Debamitra Chakraborty Declan Walden Jing Cheng Julia Wallace Kiryl A. Niherysh Andrei V. Felsharuk Donats Erts Ivan Komissarov Roman Sobolewski Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics Rochester New York USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Institute of Chemical Physics University of Latvia Riga Latvia Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

We report preliminary results of extracting electrical parameters like DC conductivity, mobility, and carrier concentration of single-layer graphene using Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in transmission geometry. We utilize a simple Drude model and its extension, the Drude-Smith model, capable of accommodating charge carrier scattering by optical and acoustic phonons to describe the complex conductivity in graphene. We observed that a significant area of the sample scanned followed the Drude-Smith behavior, while at a few locations, the simple Drude behavior prevailed. We identified possible reasons that might contribute to this observation, like defects, the presence of polymer residue on the sample, or the sample strain. This research sheds new light on our understanding of graphene's electrical properties and lays the foundation for future investigations addressing defects and contaminants in graphene samples.

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Topological control of magnetic textures

引用

physical Review B 2021年第6期103卷 L060407-L060407页

作者： H. Arava F. Barrows M. D. Stiles A. K. Petford-Long Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering (NAISE) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Materials Sciences Division (MSD) Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA

A micromagnetic study is carried out on the role of using topology to stabilize different magnetic textures, such as a vortex or an antivortex state, in a magnetic heterostructure consisting of a permalloy disk coupled to a set of nanomagnetic bars. The topological boundary condition is set by the stray field contributions of the nanomagnet bars and thus by their magnetization configuration, and can be described by a discretized winding number that will be matched by the winding number of the topological state set in the disk. The lowest number of nanomagnets that defines a suitable boundary is 4, and we identify a critical internanomagnet angle of 225 ° between two nanomagnets, at which the boundary fails because the winding number of the nanomagnet configuration no longer controls that of the disk magnetization. The boundary also fails when the disk-nanomagnets separation is >50 nm and for disk diameters >480 nm. Finally, we provide preliminary experimental evidence from magnetic force microscopy studies in which we demonstrate that an energetically unstable, antivortex-like structure can indeed be stabilized in a permalloy disk, provided that the appropriate topological conditions are set.

关键词： Domains Magnetic coupling Magnetic interactions Magnetic order Magnetic texture Ferromagnets Magnetic systems Nanostructures Atomic force microscopy Film deposition Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation Lithography Magnetic force microscopy Micromagnetic modeling

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Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using a Deep Learning Approach

Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using ...

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International Symposium on Applied science 2024, ISAS 2024

作者： Raza, Aquib Ching, Congo Tak Shing Liu, Peng-Ta Phan, Thien-Luan Tran, Ngoc-Luan Nguyen, Ha Anh T. Rameez, Mohammad Li, Hung-Chung Linh, Dao Nguyen Phuong Van Hieu, Nguyen Tran, Trung Nghia National Taiwan University Taipei City10673 Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Academia Sinica Taipei City11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou County Taiwan Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan International Doctoral Program in Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Fall Prevention Center Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua500 Taiwan Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering University of Science Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam Department of Computer Science University of York York HeslingtonYO10 5DD United Kingdom Undergraduate Program of Intellectual Creativity Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Ho Chi Minh City72409 Viet Nam HCMUT Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Thu Duc Ho Chi Minh City71308 Viet Nam

This research introduces a deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks with autoencoders to improve the diagnostic accuracy of knee osteoarthritis. The study utilized a publicly available dataset from the Mendeley Data repository, where knee joint images were preprocessed using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization to enhance contrast and ensure consistent image sizing. Initially, an autoencoder was employed in an unsupervised manner to learn compressed representations of the data. These representations were then used to train a CNN to classify knee images into 'healthy' and 'osteoarthritic' categories. The model was trained using an 80:20 split for training and testing data, incorporating early stopping and data augmentation techniques to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROCAUC) were used to evaluate the model, resulting in a high test accuracy of 98.95%. The high precision and recall rates further confirmed the model's robustness in diagnosing KOA. To enhance interpretability, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to identify critical regions in the images that influenced the model's decisions. Additionally, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was used to visualize the high-dimensional encoded features in a two-dimensional space, providing deeper insights into how the model differentiates between classes. The promising results of this deep learning approach suggest its potential for broader applications in medical imaging diagnostics. By providing healthcare professionals with a tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, this framework lays the foundation for developing scalable, AI-driven diagnostic systems for various complex medical conditions. © 2025 institute of physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Joints (anatomy)

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In-medium screening effects for the Galactic halo and solar-reflected dark matter detection in semiconductor targets

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Liang, Zheng-Liang Mo, Chongjie Zhang, Ping College of Mathematics and Physics Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing100029 China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing100193 China School of Physics and Physical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu273165 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing100088 China

Recently, the importance of the electronic many-body effect in the dark matter (DM) detection has been recognized and a coherent formulation of the DM-electron scattering in terms of the dielectric response of the target material has been well established in literatures. In this paper, we put relevant formulas into practical density functional theory (DFT) estimation of the excitation event rates for the diamond and silicon semiconductor targets. Moreover, we compare the event rates calculated from the energy loss functions with and without the local field effects. For a consistency check of this numerical method, we also compare the differential spectrum and detection reach of the silicon target with those computed with the GPAW code. It turns out that these DFT approaches are quite consistent and robust. As an interesting extension, we also investigate the in-medium effect on the detection of the solar-reflected DM flux in silicon-based detectors, where the screening effect is found to be less remarkable than on detection of the Galactic DM, due to the high energies of the reflected DM particles. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Energy dissipation

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Photocurrent as a multi-physics diagnostic of quantum materials

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ma, Qiong Kumar, Roshan Krishna Xu, Su-Yang Koppens, Frank H.L. Song, Justin C.W. Department of Physics Boston College Chestnut HillMA United States Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto Canada ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Castelldefels Barcelona08860 Spain Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA United States ICREA – Institució Catalana de Recerça i Estudis Avancats Barcelona08010 Spain Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore

The photoexcitation life-cycle from incident photon (and creation of photoexcited electron hole pair) to ultimate extraction of electrical current is a complex multi-physics process spanning across a range of spatio-temporal scales of quantum materials. While often viewed through a device-technology lens, photocurrent is a key observable of the life-cycle that is sensitive to a myriad of physical processes across these scales. As a result, photocurrent is emerging as a versatile probe of electronic states, Bloch band quantum geometry, quantum kinetic processes, and device characteristics of quantum materials. This review outlines the key multi-physics principles of photocurrent diagnostics. In particular, we describe how the fundamental link between light-matter interaction and quantum geometry renders photocurrent a wavefunction-sensitive probe capable of resolving bandstructure and characterizing topological materials. We further highlight the sensitivity of the photoexcitation life-cycle to relaxational processes which in turn enables photocurrent to disentangle distinct types of carrier scattering that can range from femtosecond to nanosecond timescales. We survey the intrinsically nonlocal character of photocurrent collection that allows new types remote sensing protocols and photocurrent nanoscopy. These distinctive features underscore photocurrent diagnostics as a novel multi-physics probe for a growing class of quantum materials with properties governed by physics spanning multiple spatio-temporal scales. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probes

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Nonreciprocal transport in a bilayer of MnBi2Te4 and Pt

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ye, Chen Xie, Xiangnan Lv, Wenxing Huang, Ke Yang, Allen Jian Jiang, Sicong Liu, Xue Zhu, Dapeng Qiu, Xuepeng Tong, Mingyu Zhou, Tong Hsu, Chuang-Han Chang, Guoqing Lin, Hsin Li, Peisen Yang, Kesong Wang, Zhenyu Jiang, Tian Wang, Xiao Renshaw Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Physics Laboratory Industrial Training Center Shenzhen Polytechnic Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Department of NanoEngineering Program of Chemical Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0448 United States Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093-0418 United States Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei230601 China Fert Beijing Institute MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute Qingdao Research Institute Beihang University Qingdao266000 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Insitute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei115229 Taiwan College of Intelligence Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Academy of Military Sciences PLA China Beijing100010 China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100084 China Beijing Institute for Advanced Study National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Ave 639798 Singapore

MnBi2Te4 (MBT) is the first intrinsic magnetic topological insulator with the interaction of spin-momentum locked surface electrons and intrinsic magnetism, and it exhibits novel magnetic and topological phenomena. Recent studies suggested that the interaction of electrons and magnetism can be affected by the Mn-doped Bi2Te3 phase at the surface due to inevitable structural defects. Here we report an observation of nonreciprocal transport, i.e. current-direction-dependent resistance, in a bilayer composed of antiferromagnetic MBT and nonmagnetic Pt. The emergence of the nonreciprocal response below the Néel temperature confirms a correlation between nonreciprocity and intrinsic magnetism in the surface state of MBT. The angular dependence of the nonreciprocal transport indicates that nonreciprocal response originates from the asymmetry scattering of electrons at the surface of MBT mediated by magnon. Our work provides an insight into nonreciprocity arising from the correlation between magnetism and Dirac surface electrons in intrinsic magnetic topological insulators. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetism

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