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arXiv 2020年

作者： Astakhov, Alexey M. Avetisov, Vladik A. Nechaev, Sergei K. Polovnikov, Kirill E. Physics Department of the Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS Moscow Russia Interdisciplinary Scientific Center Poncelet CNRS UMI 2615 Moscow Russia P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Moscow Russia Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo143026 Russia

In the paper we investigate statistical and topological properties of fractional Brownian polymer chains, equipped with the short-range volume interactions. The attention is paid to statistical properties of collapsed conformations with the fractal dimension Df ≥ 2 in the three-dimensional space, which are analyzed both numerically and via the mean-field Flory approach. Our study is motivated by an attempt to mimic the conformational statistics of collapsed unknotted polymer rings, which are known to form compact hierarchical crumpled globules (CG) with Df = 3 at large scales. Replacing the topologically-stabilized CG state by a self-avoiding fractal path adjusted to the fractal dimension Df = 3 we tremendously simplify the problem of generating compact self-avoiding conformations since we wash out the topological constraints from the consideration. We make use of the Monte-Carlo simulations to prepare the equilibrium ensemble of swollen chains with various fractal dimensions. A combination of the Flory arguments with statistical analysis of the conformations from simulations allows one to infer the dependence of the critical exponent of the swollen chains on the fractal dimension of the seed chain. We show that with the increase of Df, typical conformations become more territorial and less knotted. Distributions of the knot complexity, P(χ) for various fractal dimensions of the swollen chains suggest a close relationship between statistical and topological properties of fractal paths with volume interactions. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fractal dimension

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Interactive Protocols for Classically-Verifiable Quantum Advantage

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhu, Daiwei Kahanamoku-Meyer, Gregory D. Lewis, Laura Noel, Crystal Katz, Or Harraz, Bahaa Wang, Qingfeng Risinger, Andrew Feng, Lei Biswas, Debopriyo Egan, Laird Gheorghiu, Alexandru Nam, Yunseong Vidick, Thomas Vazirani, Umesh Yao, Norman Y. Cetina, Marko Monroe, Christopher Joint Quantum Institute Departments of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology CA91125 United States Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology CA91125-0001 United States Duke Quantum Center Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States IonQ Inc. College ParkMD20740 United States Institute for Theoretical Studies ETH Zürich CH 8001 Switzerland Chemical Physics Program Institute for Physical Science and Technology University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

Interaction is a powerful resource for quantum computation. It can be utilized in applications ranging from the verification of quantum algorithms all the way to verifying quantum mechanics itself. Here, we present the first implementation of interactive protocols for proofs of quantumness — which when suitably scaled promise the efficient verification of quantum computational advantage. The key feature that distinguishes these protocols from existing demonstrations of quantum advantage is that the classical verification is efficient and scales polynomially rather than exponentially with the number of qubits. The experimental implementation of such interactive protocols requires the ability to independently measure subsets of qubits in the middle of a quantum circuit and to continue coherent evolution afterwards. This is achieved by spatially isolating target qubits via shuttling, and opens the door to a range of quantum interactive protocols as well as new information processing architectures. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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The effect of time delay for synchronisation suppression in neuronal networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hansen, Matheus Protachevicz, Paulo R. Iarosz, Kelly C. Caldas, Iberê L. Batista, Antonio M. Macau, Elbert E.N. Institute of Science and Technology Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP São José dos Campos SP São Paulo Brazil Institute of Physics University of São Paulo SP São Paulo Brazil Faculdade de Telêmaco Borba FATEB Telêmaco Borba Paraná Brazil Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná PR Ponta Grossa Brazil State University of Ponta Grossa PR Ponta Grossa Brazil Mathematics and Statistics Department State University of Ponta Grossa PR Ponta Grossa Brazil

We study the time delay in the synaptic conductance for suppression of spike synchronisation in a random network of Hodgkin Huxley neurons coupled by means of chemical synapses. In the first part, we examine in detail how the time delay acts over the network during the synchronised and desynchronised neuronal activities. We observe a relation between the neuronal dynamics and the syaptic conductance distributions. We find parameter values in which the time delay has high effectiveness in promoting the suppression of spike synchronisation. In the second part, we analyse how the delayed neuronal networks react when pulsed inputs with different profiles (periodic, random, and mixed) are applied on the neurons. We show the main parameters responsible for inducing or not synchronous neuronal oscillations in delayed networks. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Synchronization

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Observation of pressure-induced Weyl state and superconductivity in a chirality-neutral Weyl semimetal candidate SrSi2

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Yao, M.-Y. Noky, J. Mu, Q.-G. Manna, K. Kumar, N. Strocov, V.N. Shekhar, C. Medvedev, S. Sun, Y. Felser, C. Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Dresden01187 Germany Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei230601 China Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei230601 China Indian Institute of Technology- Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi110 016 India Swiss Light Source Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSICH-5232 Switzerland

Quasi-particle excitations in solids described by the Weyl equation have attracted significant attention in recent years. Thus far, a wide range of solids that have been experimentally realized as Weyl semimetals (WSMs) lack either mirror or inversion symmetry. For the first time, in the absence of both mirror and inversion symmetry, SrSi2 has been predicted as a robust WSM by recent theoretical works. Herein, supported by first-principles calculations, we present systematic angle-resolved photoemission studies of undoped SrSi2 and Ca-doped SrSi2 single crystals. Our results show no evidence of the predicted Weyl fermions at the kz = 0 plane or the Fermi arcs on the (001) surface. With external pressure, the electronic band structure evolved and induced Weyl fermions in this compound, as revealed by first-principle calculations combined with electrical transport property measurements. Moreover, a superconducting transition was observed at pressures above 20 GPa. Our investigations indicate that the SrSi2 system is a good platform for studying topological transitions and correlations with superconductivity. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Strontium compounds

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Search for tetraquark states Xccs¯s¯ in Ds+Ds+(Ds*+Ds*+) final states at Belle

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physical Review D 2022年第3期105卷 032002-032002页

作者： X. Y. Gao Y. Li C. P. Shen I. Adachi H. Aihara D. M. Asner H. Atmacan T. Aushev R. Ayad P. Behera K. Belous M. Bessner V. Bhardwaj B. Bhuyan T. Bilka A. Bobrov D. Bodrov G. Bonvicini J. Borah A. Bozek M. Bračko T. E. Browder A. Budano M. Campajola D. Červenkov M.-C. Chang P. Chang A. Chen B. G. Cheon K. Chilikin H. E. Cho K. Cho S.-J. Cho S.-K. Choi Y. Choi S. Choudhury D. Cinabro S. Cunliffe S. Das G. De Pietro R. Dhamija F. Di Capua J. Dingfelder Z. Doležal T. V. Dong D. Dossett D. Epifanov T. Ferber A. Frey B. G. Fulsom R. Garg V. Gaur N. Gabyshev A. Giri P. Goldenzweig T. Gu Y. Guan K. Gudkova C. Hadjivasiliou S. Halder O. Hartbrich K. Hayasaka H. Hayashii M. T. Hedges W.-S. Hou C.-L. Hsu T. Iijima K. Inami G. Inguglia A. Ishikawa R. Itoh M. Iwasaki Y. Iwasaki W. W. Jacobs E.-J. Jang S. Jia Y. Jin K. K. Joo J. Kahn A. B. Kaliyar K. H. Kang G. Karyan T. Kawasaki H. Kichimi C. Kiesling C. H. Kim D. Y. Kim K.-H. Kim Y.-K. Kim P. Kodyš T. Konno A. Korobov S. Korpar E. Kovalenko P. Križan R. Kroeger P. Krokovny T. Kuhr R. Kumar K. Kumara A. Kuzmin Y.-J. Kwon Y.-T. Lai T. Lam J. S. Lange M. Laurenza S. C. Lee C. H. Li J. Li L. K. Li Y. B. Li L. Li Gioi J. Libby K. Lieret D. Liventsev A. Martini M. Masuda T. Matsuda D. Matvienko S. K. Maurya F. Meier M. Merola F. Metzner K. Miyabayashi R. Mizuk G. B. Mohanty R. Mussa M. Nakao Z. Natkaniec A. Natochii L. Nayak M. Niiyama N. K. Nisar S. Nishida K. Ogawa S. Ogawa H. Ono P. Oskin P. Pakhlov G. Pakhlova T. Pang S. Pardi H. Park S.-H. Park S. Patra S. Paul T. K. Pedlar R. Pestotnik L. E. Piilonen T. Podobnik V. Popov E. Prencipe M. T. Prim M. Röhrken A. Rostomyan N. Rout G. Russo D. Sahoo S. Sandilya A. Sangal L. Santelj T. Sanuki V. Savinov G. Schnell Y. Seino K. Senyo M. E. Sevior M. Shapkin C. Sharma J.-G. Shiu F. Simon J. B. Singh A. Sokolov E. Solovieva S. Stanič M. Starič Z. S. Stottler M. Sumihama T. Sumiyoshi M. Takizawa U. Tamponi K. Tanida F. Tenchini M. Uchida K. Uno S. Uno P. Urquijo Y. Usov R. Van Tonder G. Varner A. Vinokurova E. Waheed E. Wang M.-Z. Wang X. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) and Institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200443 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba 305-0801 SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Hayama 240-0193 Department of Physics University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45221 National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow 101000 Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Tabuk Tabuk 71451 Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii 96822 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali SAS Nagar 140306 Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University 121 16 Prague Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS Novosibirsk 630090 Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Krakow 31-342 Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Maribor 2000 Maribor J. Stefan Institute 1000 Ljubljana INFN—Sezione di Roma Tre I-00146 Roma INFN—Sezione di Napoli I-80126 Napoli Università di Napoli Federico II I-80126 Napoli Department of Physics Fu Jen Catholic University Taipei 24205 Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 National Central University Chung-li 32054 Department of Physics and Institute of Natural Sciences Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon 34141 Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Chung-Ang University Seoul 06974 Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 Deutsches Elektronen–Synchrotron 22607 Hamburg Malaviya National Institute of Technology

A search for double-heavy tetraquark state candidates Xccs¯s¯ decaying to Ds+Ds+ and Ds*+Ds*+ is presented for the first time using the data samples of 102×106 ϒ(1S) and 158×106 ϒ(2S) events, and the data samples at s=10.52, 10.58, and 10.867 GeV corresponding to integrated luminosities of 89.5, 711.0, and 121.4 fb−1, respectively, accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy electron-positron collider. The invariant-mass spectra of the Ds+Ds+ and Ds*+Ds*+ are studied to search for possible resonances. No significant signals are observed, and the 90% confidence level upper limits on the product branching fractions [B(ϒ(1S,2S)→Xccs¯s¯+anything)×B(Xccs¯s¯→Ds+Ds+(Ds*+Ds*+))] in ϒ(1S,2S) inclusive decays and the product values of Born cross section and branching fraction [σ(e+e−→Xccs¯s¯+anything)×B(Xccs¯s¯→Ds+Ds+(Ds*+Ds*+))] in e+e− collisions at s=10.52, 10.58, and 10.867 GeV under different assumptions of Xccs¯s¯ masses and widths are obtained.

关键词： Charmed mesons Exotic mesons Lepton colliders

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The Volatile Composition and Activity Evolution of Main-Belt Comet 358P/PANSTARRS

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hsieh, Henry H. Noonan, John W. Kelley, Michael S.P. Bodewits, Dennis Pittichová, Jana Thirouin, Audrey Micheli, Marco Knight, Matthew M. Bannister, Michele T. Chandler, Colin O. Holt, Carrie E. Hopkins, Matthew J. Kim, Yaeji Moskovitz, Nicholas A. Oldroyd, William J. Patterson, Jack Sheppard, Scott S. Tan, Nicole Trujillo, Chadwick A. Ye, Quanzhi Planetary Science Institute 1700 East Fort Lowell Rd. Suite 106 TucsonAZ85719 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica P.O. Box 23-141 Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics Auburn University Edmund C. Leach Science Center AuburnAL36849 United States Department of Astronomy University of Maryland 1113 Physical Sciences Complex Building 415 College ParkMD20742 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Dr. PasadenaCA91109 United States Lowell Observatory 1400 W. Mars Hill Rd. FlagstaffAZ86001 United States ESA PDO NEO Coordination Centre Largo Galileo Galilei 1 RM FrascatiI-00044 Italy Physics Department U.S. Naval Academy 572C Holloway Rd. AnnapolisMD21402 United States School of Physical and Chemical Sciences - Te Kura Matū University of Canterbury Christchurch8041 New Zealand Department of Astronomy the DiRAC Institute University of Washington 3910 15th Ave NE SeattleWA98195 United States LSST Interdisciplinary Network for Collaboration and Computing 933 N. Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Astronomy & Planetary Science Northern Arizona University P.O. Box 6010 FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Raw Data Speaks Initiative United States Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Drive Suite 102 GoletaCA93117 United States Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science 5241 Broad Branch Road NW WashingtonDC20015 United States Center for Space Physics Boston University 725 Commonwealth Ave BostonMA02215 United States

We report the detection of water vapor associated with main-belt comet 358P/PANSTARRS on UT 2024 January 8-9 using the NIRSPEC instrument aboard JWST. We derive a water production rate of QH2O = (5.0 ± 0.2) × 1025 molecules s−1, marking only the second direct detection of sublimation products of any kind from a main-belt comet, after 238P/Read. Similar to 238P, we find a remarkable absence of hypervolatile species, finding QCO2 22 molecules s−1, corresponding to QCO2/QH2O 3OH and CO emission are also estimated. Photometry from ground-based observations show that the dust coma brightened and faded slowly over ∼ 250 days in 2023-2024, consistent with photometric behavior observed in 2012-2013, but also indicate a ∼ 2.5× decline in the dust production rate between these two periods. Dynamical dust modeling shows that the coma’s morphology as imaged by JWST’s NIRCAM instrument on 2023 November 22 can be reproduced by asymmetric dust emission from a nucleus with a mid-range obliquity (Ε ∼ 80◦) with a steady-state mass loss rate of ∼ 0.8 kg s−1. Finally, we find similar Afρ-to-gas ratios of log10(Afρ/QH2O) = −24.8 ± 0.2 for 358P and log10(Afρ/QH2O) = −24.4 ± 0.2 for 238P, suggesting that Afρ could serve as an effective proxy for estimating water production rates in other active main-belt comets. The confirmation of water vapor outgassing in both main-belt comets observed by JWST to date reinforces the use of recurrent activity near perihelion as an indicator of sublimation-driven activity in active asteroids. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Asteroids

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Weyl, Dirac and high-fold chiral fermions in topological quantum materials

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Hasan, M. Zahid Chang, Guoqing Belopolski, Ilya Bian, Guang Xu, Su-Yang Yin, Jia-Xin Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65211 United States Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States

Quantum materials hosting Weyl fermions have opened a new era of research in condensed matter physics. First proposed in 1929 in the context of particle physics, Weyl fermions have yet to be observed as elementary particles. In 2015, Weyl fermions were detected as collective electronic excitations in the strong spin-orbit coupled material tantalum arsenide, TaAs. This discovery was followed by a flurry of experimental and theoretical explorations of Weyl phenomena in materials. Weyl materials naturally lend themselves to the exploration of the topological index associated with Weyl fermions and their divergent Berry curvature field, as well as the topological bulk-boundary correspondence giving rise to protected conducting surface states. Here, we review the broader class of Weyl topological phenomena in materials, starting with the observation of emergent Weyl fermions in the bulk and of Fermi arc states on the surface of the TaAs family of crystals by photoemission spectroscopy. We then discuss some of the exotic optical and magnetic responses observed in these materials, as well as the progress in developing some of the related chiral materials. We discuss the conceptual development of high-fold chiral fermions, which generalize Weyl fermions, and we review the observation of high-fold chiral fermion phases by taking the rhodium silicide, RhSi, family of crystals as a prime example. Lastly, we discuss recent advances in Weyl-line phases in magnetic topological materials. With this Review, we aim to provide an introduction to the basic concepts underlying Weyl physics in condensed matter, and to representative materials and their electronic structures and topology as revealed by spectroscopic studies. We hope this work serves as a guide for future theoretical and experimental explorations of chiral fermions and related topological quantum systems with potentially enhanced functionalities. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Silicides

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Nitrogen-Bridged S−N−Cu Sites for CO2Photoreduction to Ethanol with 99.5 % Selectivity in Pure Water

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Angewandte Chemie 2025年

作者： Weilin Li Zheyang Liu Dr. Baker Rhimi Dr. Min Zhou Dr. Jing Li Dr. Kaiqi Nie Prof. Binhang Yan Prof. Zhifeng Jiang Prof. Weidong Shi Prof. Yujie Xiong Institute for Energy Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China

Solar-driven CO 2 reduction to ethanol is extremely challenging due to the limited efficiency of charge separation, sluggish kinetics of C−C coupling, and unfavorable formation of oxygenate intermediates. Here, we elaborately design a red polymer carbon nitride (RPCN) consisting of S−N and Cu−N 4 dual active sites (Cu/S-RPCN) to address this challenge, which achieves an impressive ethanol evolution rate of 50.4 μmol g −1 h −1 with 99.5 % selectivity for CO 2 photoreduction in pure water. Cu and S atoms within the Cu−N−S configuration can serve as trapping centers for electrons and holes, respectively, providing spatial separation for photogenerated charge carriers. The incorporation of S atoms optimizes the adsorption of *CO on Cu atoms and reduces the energy barrier for the formation of *CO−COH intermediate. The adsorption strength of *OCHCH 2 OH intermediate on the Cu atoms via the O−Cu−C configuration can affect the selectivity of the C 2 products as the cleavage of the Cu−O/Cu−C bonds determines the ethanol/ethylene pathway. The S−N−Cu structure weakens the Cu−O bond, thereby promoting the production of ethanol. This work provides a novel approach to fine-tune the surrounding microenvironment of metal atoms on carbon nitride for highly effective photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 to ethanol.

关键词： CO2 photoreduction ethanol C−C coupling active sites carbon nitride

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Effects of galaxy environment on merger fraction?

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Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年 686卷

作者： Pearson, W.J. Santos, D.J.D. Goto, T. Huang, T.-C. Kim, S.J. Matsuhara, H. Pollo, A. Ho, S.C.-C. Hwang, H.S. Malek, K. Nakagawa, T. Romano, M. Serjeant, S. Suelves, L.E. Shim, H. White, G.J. National Centre for Nuclear Research Pasteura 7 Warszawa02-093 Poland Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Gießenbachstraße 1 Garching85748 Germany Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2. Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Space and Astronautical Science Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Shonankokusaimura Hayama Miura District Kanagawa240-0193 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Chuo-ku Kanagawa Sagamihara252-5210 Japan Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics The Australian National University CanberraACT2611 Australia Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology PO Box 218 HawthornVIC3122 Australia OzGrav The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery HawthornVIC3122 Australia ASTRO3D The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics in 3D CanberraACT2611 Australia Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5 Padova35122 Italy School of Physical Sciences The Open University Walton Hall Milton KeynesMK7 6AA United Kingdom Department of Earth Science Education Kyungpook National University 80 Daehak-ro Buk-gu Daegu41566 Korea Republic of Space Science and Technology Division RALSpace STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton DidcotOX11 0QX United Kingdom

Aims. In this work we examine how environment influences the merger fraction, from the low density field environment to higher density groups and clusters. We also study how the properties of a group or cluster, as well as the position of a galaxy in the group or cluster, influences the merger fraction. Methods. We identified galaxy groups and clusters in the North Ecliptic Pole using a friends-of-friends algorithm and the local density. Once identified, we determined the central galaxies, group radii, velocity dispersions, and group masses of these groups and clusters. Merging systems were identified with a neural network as well as visually. With these identifications and properties of groups and clusters and merging galaxy identifications, we examined how the merger fraction changes as the local density changes for all galaxies as well as how the merger fraction changes as the properties of the groups or clusters change. Results. We find that the merger fraction increases as local density increases and decreases as the velocity dispersion increases, as is often found in the literature. A decrease in merger fraction as the group mass increases is also found. We also find that groups with larger radii have higher merger fractions. The number of galaxies in a group does not influence the merger fraction. Conclusions. The decrease in merger fraction as group mass increases is a result of the link between group mass and velocity dispersion. Hence, this decrease in merger fraction with increasing mass is a result of the decrease of merger fraction with velocity dispersion. The increasing relation between group radii and merger fraction may be a result of larger groups having smaller velocity dispersion at a larger distance from the centre or larger groups hosting smaller, infalling groups with more mergers. However, we do not find evidence of smaller groups having higher merger fractions. c The Authors 2024.

关键词： Galaxies

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Author Correction: Ligand-tuning copper in coordination polymers for efficient electrochemical C-C coupling

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 521页

作者： Yu Yang Cheng Zhang Chengyi Zhang Yaohui Shi Jun Li Bernt Johannessen Yongxiang Liang Shuzhen Zhang Qiang Song Haowei Zhang Jialei Huang Jingwen Ke Lei Zhang Qingqing Song Jianrong Zeng Ying Zhang Zhigang Geng Pu-Sheng Wang Ziyun Wang Jie Zeng Fengwang Li School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia. Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui P. R. China. School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand. Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China. Australian Synchrotron ANSTO Clayton VIC 3168 Australia. Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of Wollonong Wollongong NSW Australia. Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P. R. China. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P.R. China. Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P.R. China. Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui P. R. China. pusher@***. School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand. ziyun.wang@auckland.ac.nz. Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui P. R. China. zengj@***. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui P. R. China. zengj@***. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia. fengwang.li@sydney.edu.au. ARC Centre of Excellence for Green Electrochemical Transformation of Carbon Dioxide The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia. fengwang.li@sydney.edu.au.

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