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Oscillatory instabilities in three-dimensional frictional granular matter

physical Review E 2020年第5期101卷 052902-052902页

作者： Silvia Bonfanti Joyjit Chattoraj Roberto Guerra Itamar Procaccia Stefano Zapperi Center for Complexity and Biosystems Department of Physics University of Milan via Celoria 16 20133 Milan Italy School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia Via R. Cozzi 53 20125 Milan Italy

The dynamics of amorphous granular matter with frictional interactions cannot be derived in general from a Hamiltonian and therefore displays oscillatory instabilities stemming from the onset of complex eigenvalues in the stability matrix. These instabilities were discovered in the context of one- and two-dimensional systems, while the three-dimensional case was never studied in detail. Here we fill this gap by deriving and demonstrating the presence of oscillatory instabilities in a three-dimensional granular packing. We study binary assemblies of spheres of two sizes interacting via classical Hertz and Mindlin force laws for the longitudinal and tangent interactions, respectively. We formulate analytically the stability matrix in three dimensions and observe that a couple of complex eigenvalues emerge at the onset of the instability as in the case of frictional disks in two dimensions. The dynamics then shows oscillatory exponential growth in the mean-square displacement, followed by a catastrophic event in which macroscopic portions of mechanical stress and energy are lost. The generality of these results for any choice of forces that break the symplectic Hamiltonian symmetry is discussed.

关键词： Classical statistical mechanics Jamming Nucleation

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Synthesis of MXene-supported layered MoS_2 with enhanced electrochemical performance for Mg batteries

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Chinese chemical Letters 2018年第8期29卷 1313-1316页

作者： Min Xu Na Bai Hong-Xia Li Cong Hu Jing Qi Xing-Bin Yan School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this paper, the petal-like MoS2/MXene composite has been successfully synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. With the combination of few-layer MoS2nanosheets and the high conductive MXene substrate, the composite exhibits enhanced capacities of 165 mAh/g at 50 mA/g and outstanding rate performance of 93 mAh/g at 200 mA/g as a cathode material of Mg batteries. Simultaneously, MXene with high conductivity and abundant surface functional groups is proved to be a promising substrate for the wider design of high performance electrode materials.

关键词： Substrate MXene MoS2 Cathode Mg batteries

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Sustainable biorefinery with Chlorolobion braunii cultivated in produced water: Bioremediation integrated with the production of exopolysaccharides, biodiesel, and bio-oil

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chemical Engineering Journal 2025年 518卷

作者： Jadson dos Santos França Ravena Maria de Almeida Medeiros Ingrid Rocha Teixeira Jânia Betânia Alves da Silva Denilson de Jesus Assis Carolina Oliveira de Souza Rosangela Regia Lima Vidal Bianca Bomfim Andrade Fernanda Teixeira Cruz José Geraldo Pacheco Roger Fréty Lucas Guimarães Cardoso Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ) Polytechnic School Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Bahia Brazil Center of Science and Technology Mechanical Engineering Collegiate Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB) Cruz Das Almas Bahia Brazil School of Exact and Technological Sciences Salvador University Salvador Bahia Brazil Graduate Program in Food Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Bahia Brazil Department of Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Bahia Brazil Health Sciences Institute Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Bahia Brazil Catalysis and Materials Laboratory Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador Bahia Brazil Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) Center of Technology and Geosciences Department of Chemical Engineering Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (i-LITPEG) Laboratory of Refining and Cleaner Technology (Lateclim) Recife PE 50740-540 Brazil

Petroleum extraction generates large volumes of produced water (PW), which is an effluent containing high concentrations of pollutants that impact the environment and present a significant environmental liability for the fossil fuel industry. Among the various treatment approaches, biological methods—particularly those involving microalgae—have shown promise for PW remediation. In this study, we evaluated the bioremediation potential of PW using a microalga Chlorolobion braunii cultivated in 250 L photobioreactors. C. braunii was cultivated in a mixture containing 50 % PW and 50 % BG-11 (Blue green 11) medium (PW50%), while the control comprised only the BG-11 medium. Results demonstrated high removal efficiencies for nitrate (99.54 %), phosphate (77.78 %), iron (94 %), and manganese (75 %), along with a reduction in alkalinity (61 %). A total of 40 g of biomass was produced using 100 L of PW, containing 8.50 % lipids. This biomass mainly contained palmitic acid (C16:0) and elaidic acid (C18:1ω9t), indicating its suitability for biodiesel production according to the International Quality Standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751 ) and the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels (ANP). The biomass also yielded 35.12 % bio-oil and 57.69 % non-condensable gases during pyrolysis. Furthermore, 30 g of exopolysaccharides (EPS) were obtained, which exhibited pseudoplastic characteristics—a property of industrial interest. Thus, the treatment using 50 % PW for the cultivation of C. braunii was deemed a promising strategy for bioremediation and facilitated the production of high-value bioproducts.

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Selection rules and dynamic magnetoelectric effect of the spin waves in multiferroic BiFeO3

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Farkas, Dániel Gergely Szaller, D. Kézsmárki, I. Nagel, U. Rõõm, T. Peedu, L. Viirok, J. White, J.S. Cubitt, R. Ito, T. Fishman, R.S. Bordács, S. Department of Physics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest1111 Hungary MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group Budapest1111 Hungary Institute of Solid State Physics TU Wien Vienna1040 Austria Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism Institute of Physics University of Augsburg Augsburg86159 Germany National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 Tallinn12618 Estonia VilligenCH-5232 Switzerland Institut Laue-Langevin 71 avenue des Martyrs CS 20156 Grenoble Cedex 938042 France Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8562 Japan Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Hungarian Academy of Sciences Premium Postdoctor Program Budapest1051 Hungary

We report the magnetic field dependence of the THz absorption and non-reciprocal directional dichroism spectra of BiFeO3 measured on the three principal crystal cuts for fields applied along the three principal directions of each cut. From the systematic study of the light polarization dependence we deduced the optical selection rules of the spin-wave excitations. Our THz data, combined with small-angle neutron scattering results showed that i) an in-plane magnetic field rotates the q vectors of the cycloids perpendicular to the magnetic field, and ii) the selection rules are mostly determined by the orientation of the q vector with respect to the electromagnetic fields. We observed a magnetic field history dependent change in the strength and the frequency of the spin-wave modes, which we attributed to the change of the orientation and the length of the cycloidal q vector, respectively. Finally, we compared our experimental data with the results of linear spin-wave theory that reproduces the magnetic field dependence of the spin-wave frequencies and most of the selection rules, from which we identified the spin-polarization coupling terms relevant for the optical magnetoelectric effect. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bismuth compounds

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Enhanced dielectric and optical properties of nanoscale barium hexaferrites for optoelectronics and high frequency application

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Chinese physics B 2018年第12期27卷 517-525页

作者： J Mohammed A B Suleiman Tchouank Tekou Carol T H Y Hafeez Jyoti Sharma Pradip K Maji Sachin Godara Kumar A K Srivastava Department of Physics School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences Lovely Professional University Department of Physics Faculty of Science Federal University Dutse SRM Research Institute SRM University Department of Polymer and Processing Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University

M-type barium hexaferrites with chemical composition Ba1-xDyxFe12-yCryO19(x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and y =0.0, 0.4, 0.5) were synthesized via sol–gel auto-combustion method. The samples were pre-sintered at 400℃ for 3 h and sintered at 950℃ for 5 h. The changes in the structural, dielectric, and optical properties were studied after the substitution of Dy3+and Cr3+ions. X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis confirms the formation of single phase hexaferrites with the absence of secondary phase. FTIR analysis gives an idea of the formation of hexaferrites with the appearance of two peaks at 438 cm-1and 589 cm-1. The field emission scanning electron micrographs(FESEM) show a combination of crystallites with large shapes close to hexagonal platelet-like shape and others with rice or rod-like shapes, whereas EDX and elemental analysis confirm the stoichiometry of prepared samples. The calculated band gap from UV-vis NIR spectroscopy spectra was found to decreases with increase in Dy3+–Cr3+substitution. The dielectric properties were explained on the basis of Maxwell–Wagner model. Enhancement of dielectric constant at higher frequencies was observed in all the samples. Low dielectric loss is also observed in all the samples and Cole–Cole plot shows that grain boundary resistance(Rgb) contribute most to the dielectric properties. The prepared samples exhibit properties that could be useful for optoelectronics and high frequency application.

关键词： Maxwell–Wagner model dielectric constant Cole–Cole plot optical band-gap

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ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions - XIX. The origin of SiO emission

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Rong Liu, Tie Jiménez-Serra, Izaskun Li, Jin-Zeng Martín-Pintado, Jesús Liu, Xunchuan Lee, Chang Won Sanhueza, Patricio Chibueze, James O. Rivilla, Víctor M. Juvela, Mika Colzi, Laura Bronfman, Leonardo Liu, Hong-Li Sanz-Novo, Miguel López-Gallifa, Álvaro Li, Shanghuo Megías, Andrés Andrés, David San Garay, Guido Hwang, Jihye Zhou, Jianwen Xu, Fengwei Martínez-Henares, Antonio Saha, Anindya Nazeer, Hafiz National Astronomical Observatories of China Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100012 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80 Nandan Road Shanghai200030 China CSIC-INTA Carretera de Ajalvir km 4 Torrejón de Ardoz28850 Spain Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34055 Korea Republic of 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34113 Korea Republic of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Mathematical Sciences University of South Africa Cnr Christian de Wet Rd and Pioneer Avenue Florida Park Roodepoort1709 South Africa Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Carver Building 1 University Road Nsukka410001 Nigeria Department of Physics University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 FI-00014 Finland Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de Chile Las Condes Santiago Chile School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming650091 China Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53125 Germany Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Haidian District Beijing100871 China Department of Astronomy School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Kerala Thiruvananthapuram695 547 India Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories CAS Beijing100101 China

The production of silicon monoxide (SiO) can be considered as a fingerprint of shock interaction. In this work, we use high-sensitivity observations of the SiO (2-1) and H13CO+ (1-0) emission to investigate the broad and narrow SiO emission toward 146 massive star-forming regions in the ATOMS survey. We detected SiO emission in 136 regions and distinguished broad and narrow components across the extension of 118 sources (including 58 UC Hii regions) with an average angular resolution of 2.5′′. The derived SiO luminosity (LSiO) across the whole sample shows that the majority of LSiO (above 66%) can be attributed to broad SiO, indicating its association with strong outflows. The comparison of the ALMA SiO images with the filamentary skeletons identified from H13CO+ and in the infrared data (at 4.5, 8, and 24 µm), further confirms that most SiO emission originates from outflows. However, note that for nine sources in our sample, the observed SiO emission may be generated by expanding UC Hii regions. There is a moderate positive correlation between the bolometric luminosity (Lbol) and LSiO for both components (narrow and broad). The UC Hii sources show a weaker positive correlation between Lbol and LSiO and higher LSiO compared to the sources without UC Hii regions. These results imply that the SiO emission from UC Hii sources might be affected by UV-photochemistry induced by UC Hii regions. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Giant stars

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Pentacoordinated Al³⁺-Stabilized Active Pd Structures on Al₂O₃-Coated Palladium Catalysts for Methane Combustion

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Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 2019年第35期58卷 12043-12048页

作者： Duan, Huimei You, Rui Xu, Shutao Li, Zhaorui Qian, Kun Cao, Tian Huang, Weixin Bao, Xinhe Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei 230026 China State Key of Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 China

Supported Pd catalysts are active in catalyzing the highly exothermic methane combustion reaction but tend to be deactivated owing to local hyperthermal environments. Herein we report an effective approach to stabilize Pd/SiO₂ catalysts with porous Al₂O₃ overlayers coated by atomic layer deposition (ALD). ²⁷Al magic angle spinning NMR analysis showed that Al₂O₃ overlayers on Pd particles coated by the ALD method are rich in pentacoordinated Al³⁺ sites capable of strongly interacting with adjacent surface PdO_x phases on supported Pd particles. Consequently, Al₂O₃-decorated Pd/SiO₂ catalysts exhibit active and stable PdO_x and Pd–PdO_x structures to efficiently catalyze methane combustion between 200 and 850 °C. These results reveal the unique structural characteristics of Al₂O₃ overlayers on metal surfaces coated by the ALD method and provide a practical strategy to explore stable and efficient supported Pd catalysts for methane combustion. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

关键词： atomic layer deposition heterogeneous catalysis oxidation palladium reduction

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Obliquities of Exoplanet Host Stars: 19 New and Updated Measurements, and Trends in the Sample of 205 Measurements

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Knudstrup, E. Albrecht, S.H. Winn, J.N. Gandolfi, D. Zanazzi, J.J. Persson, C.M. Fridlund, M. Marcussen, M.L. Chontos, A. Keniger, M.A.F. Eisner, N.L. Bieryla, A. Isaacson, H. Howard, A.W. Hirsch, L.A. Murgas, F. Narita, N. Palle, E. Kawai, Y. Baker, D. Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 93 Sweden Stellar Astrophysics Centre Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 120 Aarhus CDK-8000 Denmark Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University 4 Ivy Lane PrincetonNJ08544 United States Dipartimento di Fisica Universita degli Studi di Torino via Pietro Giuria 1 TorinoI-10125 Italy Astronomy Department Theoretical Astrophysics Center Center for Integrative Planetary Science University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Chalmers University of Technology Department of Space Earth and Environment Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-439 92 Sweden Leiden Observatory University of Leiden PO Box 9513 Leiden2300 RA Netherlands Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai‘i 2680 Woodlawn Drive HonoluluHI96822 United States Department of Physics University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CoventryCV4 7AL United Kingdom Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Campbell Hall University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Astronomy California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences University of Toronto Mississauga MississaugaON Canada Tenerife La Laguna38205 Spain Tenerife La Laguna38206 Spain Komaba Institute for Science The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro Tokyo153-8902 Japan Astrobiology Center 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro Tokyo153-8902 Japan Physics Department Austin College ShermanTX75090 United States

Measurements of the obliquities in exoplanet systems have revealed some remarkable architectures, some of which are very different from the Solar System. Nearly 200 obliquity measurements have been obtained through observations of the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect. Here we report on observations of 19 planetary systems that led to 17 clear detections of the RM effect and 2 less secure detections. After adding the new measurements to the tally, we use the entire collection of RM measurements to investigate four issues that have arisen in the literature. i) Does the obliquity distribution show a peak at approximately 90◦? We find tentative evidence that such a peak does exist when restricting attention to the sample of sub-Saturn planets and hot Jupiters orbiting F stars. ii) Are high obliquities associated with high eccentricities? We find the association to be weaker than previously reported, and that a stronger association exists between obliquity and orbital separation, possibly due to tidal obliquity damping at small separations. iii) How low are the lowest known obliquities? Among hot Jupiters around cool stars, we find the dispersion to be 1.4 ± 0.7◦, smaller than the 6◦ obliquity of the Sun, which serves as additional evidence for tidal damping. iv) What are the obliquities of stars with compact and flat systems of multiple planets? We find that they generally have obliquities lower than 10◦, with several remarkable exceptions possibly caused by wide-orbiting stellar or planetary companions. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Damping

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Extending the Defect Tolerance of Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals to Hot Carrier Cooling Dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ye, Junzhi Mondal, Navendu Carwithen, Ben P. Zhang, Yunwei Dai, Linjie Fan, Xiangbin Mao, Jian Cui, Zhiqiang Ghosh, Pratyush Otero‐Martínez, Clara van Turnhout, Lars Yu, Zhongzheng Chen, Ziming Greenham, Neil C. Stranks, Samuel D. Polavarapu, Lakshminarayana Bakulin, Artem Rao, Akshay Hoye, Robert L.Z. Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 11880 CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of Oxford South Parks Road OxfordOX1 3QR United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Centre for Processable Electronics Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub 83 Wood Lane LondonW12 0BZ United Kingdom School of Physics Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510275 China Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0AS United Kingdom Department of Engineering University of Cambridge 9 JJ Thomson Avenue CambridgeCB3 0FA United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception Institute of Optoelectronics Fudan University Shanghai200433 China CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas Marcosende Vigo36310 Spain Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom

Defect tolerance is a critical enabling factor for efficient lead-halide perovskite materials, but the current understanding is primarily on band-edge (cold) carriers, with significant debate over whether hot carriers (HCs) can also exhibit defect tolerance. Here, this important gap in the field is addressed by investigating how internationally-introduced traps affect HC relaxation in CsPbX3 nanocrystals (X = Br, I, or mixture). Using femtosecond interband and intraband spectroscopy, along with energy-dependent photoluminescence measurements and kinetic modelling, it is found that HCs are not universally defect tolerant in CsPbX3, but are strongly correlated to the defect tolerance of cold carriers, requiring shallow traps to be present (as in CsPbI3). It is found that HCs are directly captured by traps, instead of going through an intermediate cold carrier, and deeper traps cause faster HC cooling, reducing the effects of the hot phonon bottleneck and Auger reheating. This work provides important insights into how defects influence HCs, which will be important for designing materials for hot carrier solar cells, multiexciton generation, and optical gain media. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Hot carriers

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Observation of topological flat bands in the kagome semiconductor Nb3Cl8

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Sun, Zhenyu Zhou, Hui Wang, Cuixiang Kumar, Shiv Geng, Daiyu Yue, Shaosheng Han, Xin Haraguchi, Yuya Shimada, Kenya Cheng, Peng Chen, Lan Shi, Youguo Wu, Kehui Meng, Sheng Feng, Baojie Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center Hiroshima University 2-313 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima739-0046 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Tokyo184-8588 Japan School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Guangdong Dongguan523808 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

The destructive interference of wavefunctions in a kagome lattice can give rise to topological flat bands (TFBs) with a highly degenerate state of electrons. Recently, TFBs have been observed in several kagome metals, including Fe3Sn2, FeSn, CoSn, and YMn6Sn6. Nonetheless, kagome materials that are both exfoliable and semiconducting are lacking, which seriously hinders their device applications. Herein, we show that Nb3Cl8, which hosts a breathing kagome lattice, is gapped out because of the absence of inversion symmetry, while the TFBs survive because of the protection of the mirror reflection symmetry. By angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements and first-principles calculations, we directly observe the TFBs and a moderate band gap in Nb3Cl8. By mechanical exfoliation, we successfully obtain monolayer Nb3Cl8 which is stable under ambient conditions. In addition, our calculations show that monolayer Nb3Cl8 have a magnetic ground state, thus providing opportunities to study the interplay between geometry, topology, and magnetism. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Chlorine compounds

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