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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： R. Donald Bartusiak Christos Georgakis Matthew J. Reilly Chemical Process Modeling and Control Center and Department of Chemical Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA

Reference system synthesis, an equation-based method for designing nonlinear feedforward/feedback controllers for general dynamic systems is presented. The control objective is expressed as a desired closed loop behavior in the form of a set of integro-differential equations which can, by design, be nonlinear. Realization of the desired closed loop behavior depends upon the solution of an operator equation relating the open loop system to the desired closed loop system for computing the necessary manipulated variable action. Analytical solutions of this operator equation can be found for simple systems. In general, numerical solutions can be determined using Newton's method, for example. The advantages of reference system synthesis are (i) it provides a general method for designing nonlinear feedforward/feedback controllers, (ii) it is simple, and (iii) its loop-shaping capabilities allow for the design of deliberately nonlinear closed loop behavior for higher performance and constraint-avoiding control. In this paper, we introduce the reference system synthesis procedure, illustrate its application to simple dynamical systems, and discuss the relationship of reference system synthesis to PID and Internal Model control design procedures.

关键词： Nonlinear control systems control system synthesis Nonlinear equations Design methodology Adaptive control Open loop systems Nonlinear dynamical systems Integrodifferential equations Closed loop systems Newton method

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DERIVATION OF TRANSFER-FUNCTIONS FOR HIGHLY NONLINEAR DISTILLATION-COLUMNS

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INDUSTRIAL & engineering CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 1987年第12期26卷 2490-2495页

作者： LUYBEN, WL Process Modeling and Control Center Department of Chemical Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015 United States

One of the major problems in distillation column control is obtaining a suitable linear transfer function model for columns that are highly nonlinear and complex. Neither analytical nor numerical linearization methods work well for realistically complex distillation systems. Identification techniques, such as pulse testing, also become ineffective when the columns are highly nonlinear or have large time constants. A simple, easy-to-use design procedure is presented that appears to work quite well on these systems. The method uses Astrom's “autotune” method (relay feedback) to get critical gains and frequencies for each diagonal element of the plant transfer function matrix. Only N tests are required for an N x N multivariable process. Steady-state gains are obtained in the normal way, using a steady-state “rating” program. Then all N X N transfer functions are obtained by fitting the zero frequency and ultimate frequency data. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated on a highly nonlinear distillation column that features product purities of 10 ppm. © 1987, American chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT

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SENSITIVITY OF DISTILLATION RELATIVE GAIN ARRAYS TO STEADY-STATE GAINS

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INDUSTRIAL & engineering CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 1987年第10期26卷 2076-2078页

作者： LUYBEN, WL Process Modeling and Control Center Department of Chemical Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015 United States

The values of the Relative Gain Array (RGA) for a 2 x 2 binary distillation column system are shown to be extremely sensitive to the size of the manipulated variable increment that is used to calculate the steady-state gain. RGA's can vary from plus infinity to minus infinity. Extremely small increments must be used, even in moderate purity columns, in order to get accurate RGA's. © 1987, American chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT

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ROBUSTNESS WITH RESPECT TO INTEGRAL controlLABILITY

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INDUSTRIAL & engineering CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 1987年第5期26卷 1043-1045页

作者： YU, CC LUYBEN, WL Process Modeling and Control Center Department of Chemical Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015 United States

A multivariable closed-loop process may become unstable for small changes in steady-state gains if integral action is used. The results of this work show that the Relative Gain Array (RGA) is related quantitatively to the amount of change (or error) allowed in each individual steady-state gain before the system becomes unstable. The derived criterion is applicable for any type of feedback control system as long as integral action is used. © 1987, American chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： process control

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The Value of Simple Multivariable and Nonlinear Models in process control

The Value of Simple Multivariable and Nonlinear Models in Pr...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： Christos Georgakis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process Modeling and Control Research Center Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA

Simple conceptual or mathematical models have always been used in design of linear SISO process controllers. On the other hand the design of nonlinear or MIMO controllers has always been perceived as requiring a detailed dynamic model. This communication aims to show that, the use of simple models, can drastically affect the design of such controllers by suggesting a design framework that centers around the extensive variable of the process instead of the intensive one that are usually measured.

关键词： process control Mathematical model Inductors chemical processes Communication system control Polyethylene chemical reactors Polymers Tellurium chemical engineering

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Nonlinear control Structures for chemical Reactors

Nonlinear Control Structures for Chemical Reactors

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： R. Donald Bartusiak Christos Georgakis Matthew J. Reilly Chemical Process Modeling and Control Research Center Department of Chemical Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA

A nonlinear feedback controller for chemical reaction dynamic systems is examined in which the control action is a function of the deviation of the reaction rate from steady state. The motivations for this controller are (i) the finding that the reaction rate sensitivity to composition and temperature deviations is closely associated with the slow or unstable dynamic modes for the reaction systems studied to date; (ii) the controller nonlinearity mirrors the principal process nonlinearity; and (iii) such a control law is intuitively meaningful. In this paper, we develop the controller and propose a nonlinear analysis method for an idealized model of the continuous stirred tank reactor.

关键词： chemical reactors Temperature control Nonlinear control systems Steady-state chemical engineering Open loop systems Temperature sensors Continuous-stirred tank reactor Inductors Temperature distribution

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Independent Single-input-single Output control Schemes for Dual Composition control of Binary Distillation Columns

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1986年第15期19卷 249-253页

作者： A.C. Kridiotis Christos Georgakis Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Chemical Process Modeling and Control Research Center Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18106 USA

The steady-state interaction measure of dual composition control schemes for binary distillation columns is examined under the assumptions of constant relative volatility and constant molar overflow. An exhaustive enumeration is made of the control schemes that use column flows or their ratios as manipulated variables and product compositions as the controlled variables. Using a redundancy criterion, it is shown that 34 classes of dual composition control schemes have independent values for the interaction measure. This number reduces to 17 when the feed is a saturated liquid or gas. For high purity columns, the interaction measure of the above 34 control schemes approaches the values for the (L, V), (D, V), and (L3) control schemes. In this case none of the control schemes has a desirable interaction measure.

关键词： Distillation control Interaction Measure Multivarable control process control Decoupling

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Abstracts of papers presented at the 4th international conference on stored-product protection

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Phytoparasitica 1986年第4期14卷 321-363页

作者： Annis, P. C. Fleurat Lessard, F. Torc’h, J. M. LE Reichmuth, C. Richard-Molard, D. Diawara, B. Cahagnier, B. Buscarlet, L. A. Aminian, Beatrice Bali, Chaza Wiendl, F. M. De Conconi, Julieta Ramos Elorduy Hurtado, Ana I. Cazares, A. Torres, Estela Siqueiros b., J. Banks, H. J. Evans, D. E. Domenichini, G. Cristina Bertonazzi, M. Hatton, T. T. Longstaff, Barry C. Sutherland, J. W. Thorpe, G. R. Fane, A. G. Brunner, H. Ramos, G. M. Moysey, E. B. Hunter, A. J. Calverley, D. J. B. Gray, J. G. Faure, J. Sangakkara, U. R. Wanisekera, W. M. T. Viernes, D. C. Viloria, Dionisia P. Palipane, K. B. Fernando, M. D. Adhikarinayaka, T. B. Kozakiewicz-Lawrence, Zofia Schulz, F. A. Ceynowa, J. Lacey, J. Magan, M. Cuero, R. Smith, J. E. Muszkat, Lea Paster, N. BArkai-Golan, Rivka Fanelli, C. Fabbri, A. A. Panfili, G. Passi, S. Pettersson, H. De Luca, C. Picardo, M. Smith, R. H. Arbogast, R. T. Ayertey, J. N. Ibitoye, J. O. Keever, D. W. Wiseman, B. R. Widstrom, N. W. Yoshida, T. Igarashi, H. Shinoda, K. Pajni, H. R. Rup, P. J. Davis, R. Boczek, J. Pankiewicz-Nowicka, Danuta Kruk, Marzenna Krall, S. Laborius, G. A. Kamin-Belsky, Nurit Wool, D. Brower, J. H. Mcgaughey, Wm. H. Bengston, M. White, N. D. G. Pisarev, V. Ishaaya, I. Yablonski, S. Ascher, K. R. S. Bell, C. H. Navarro, S. Donahaye, E. Celaro, J. C. Finamor, Rosa L. BrandÃo, C. Ghidini, R. Bond, E. J. Williams, P. Wegecsanyi, M. Buchanan, S. A. Ducom, P. Bourges, C. Friemel, W. Winks, R. G. Picar, Gloria D. Champ, B. R. Ryland, G. J. Hamel, Darka Deighton, J. Mccallum Ceballo, F. A. Morallo-Rejesus, B. Gupta, H. C. L. Sekhar, S. Chandra Samson, P. R. Wallbank, B. E. Rose, H. A. wool, D. Kamin-belsky, Nurit Prickett, A. J. Greaves, J. H. Majumdar, D. K. Buckle, A. P. Rampaud, M. Cogburn, R. R. Bollich, C. N. Lamb, Elizabeth Dunkel, Florence Sighamony, S. Anees, I. Chandrakala, T. S. Jamil, Kaiser Khare, B. P. Nawrot, J. Harmatha, J. Bloszyk, Elzbieta Pinniger, D. B. Chambers, J. Yamamoto, I. Mathon, B. Siegried, M. P. SÜss, L. Trematerra, P. Vick, K. W. Webb, J. C. Andrieu, Division of Entomology CSIRO Canberra ACT Australia INRA Laboratoire des Insectes des Denrées Pont de la Maye France Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Institut für Vorratsschutz F.R.G. INRA - Laboratory for Cereal Microbiology and Technology Rue de la Géraudière France Centre d’Etude Nucléate de Cadarache France Centro de Energia Nuclear Agricultura (CENA) Piracicaba SP Brasil Instituto de Biología UNAM Apdo. México CICESE Ensenada Baja California México Istituto di Entomologia Universitò Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza Italia U.S. Department of Agriculture Horticultural Research Laboratory Orlando FL U.S.A. University of New South Wales Australia Sulzer-Escher Wyss GmbH F.R.G. National Post Harvest Institute for Research and Extension (NAPHIRE) Quezon City Philippines Agricultural Engineering Dept. University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada Division of Chemical and Wood Technology CSIRO Highett Australia Tropical Development and Research Institute London U.K. Queen Elizabeth House Food Study Group Oxford U.K. Laboratoire de Technologie des Cereales (CIRAD/IRA T) France Faculty of Agriculture University of Peredeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka Isabela State University Echague Isabela Philippines Rice Processing Research and Development Centre Anuradhapura Sri Lanka Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Slough Laboratory Berks. U.K. Institute of Phytopathology University of Kiel F.R.G. Rothamsted Experimental Station Harpenden Herts Littlehampton Glasshouse Crops Research Institute Sussex University of Strathclyde Glasgow U.K. Dept. of Chemistry of Pesticides and Natural Products The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Stored Products The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Fruit and Vegetable Storage ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dipt. di Biologia Vegetale Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’ Roma Italia Istituto San Gallicano (IFO) Roma Italia Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management Swedish Un

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EMERGING ROLES OF NIH AND EPA IN THE REGULATION OF RDNA TECHNOLOGY

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BIO-TECHNOLOGY 1983年第9期1卷 757-768页

作者： KORWEK, EL Edward L. Korwek Ph.D. J.D. is associated with the law offices of Keller and Heckman 1150 17th St. N.W. Washington D.C. 20036.REFERENCES Committee on Recombinant DNA "Potential Biohazards of Recombinant DNA Molecules" Nature250: 175 (1974) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.71: 2593 (1974) Science185: 303 (1974).|Article|Fed. Regist.48: 24556 (1983).Milewski E. Editor's Note. Recombinant DNA Tech. Bull.4: i (1981).Inside EPA 4 1 (1983). EPA has already held a meeting and published a draft report on the subject of its regulation of this area under the TSCA. EPA "Administrator's Toxic Substances Advisory Committee Meeting" Fed. Regist.48: 8342 (1983) Regulation of Genetically Engineered Substances Under TSCA Chemical Control Division Office of Toxic Substances Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Environmental Protection Agency Washington D.C. (March 1982). Congress also recently held a hearing on the subject of existing federal authority over the release of R-DNA-containing organisms into environment. M. Sun Science221: 136 (1983).Sects. 2-30 15 U.S. Code sects. 2601-2629 (1976 and Supp. V 1981). Hereinafter all references in the text to TSCA refer to the section numbers as enacted and not to the corresponding U.S. Code sections.The Administrative Procedure Act specifically states that the reviewing court shall "hold unlawful and set aside agency action findings and conclusions found to be hellip in excess of statutory jurisdiction authority or limitations or short of statutory right. hellip " 5 U.S. Code sect. 706(2)(C) (1976).PHS Act 42 U.S. Code sects. 217a and 241 (1976) Charter Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee Department of Health and Human Services (1982).Korwek E. Food Drug and Cosm. L. J.35: 633 (1980) p. 636.Although DHHS has some authority under Section 361 of the PHS Act to regulate R-DNA materials that cause human disease and are communicable most types of experimentation would not fall into this category. Because of this limitation the Sub committee of the Federal

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BURDEN PERMEABILITY STUDIES, FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED RESEARCH. 36

BURDEN PERMEABILITY STUDIES, FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED RESEARC...

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36th Ironmaking Conference

作者： Poveromo, Joseph J. Propster, Mark Szekely, Julian Research Department - Bethlehem Steel Corp United States Dept. of Chemical Engineering Center for Process Metallurgy State University of New York Buffalo United States Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States

The premeability of the blast furnace burden may be defined as the reciprocal value of flow resistance of the burden. The overall burden permeability determines the furnace wind rate and therefore productivity, whereas the radial distribution of the flow resistance affects gas-solid contacting effectivenesand hence the coke rate. Experimental and theoretical work has been carried out aimed at defining the structure of the burden, with emphasis on the mixing of materials dissimilar in size or shape, and relating the burden structure to both overall permeability and the distribution of gas flow in the burden. For these purposes, methods were specifically developed for measuring: the void fraction, or porosity, of the region between layers of dissimilar burden materials, and the increased pressure loss caused by the change infraction in this interfacial region.

关键词： Blast furnace practice

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