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Computing and Systems Technology Division - Core Programming Topic at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Arce, Alicia Dowell, Niall Mac Del Real, Alejandro J. Shah, Nilay Vega, Lourdes F. MATGAS Research Center Barcelona Spain Chemical Engineering Imperial College London London United Kingdom Research and Development IDENER Seville Spain Centre for Process Systems Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London London United Kingdom MATGAS Research Center and Carburos Metlicos Air Products Group Barcelona Spain

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(16b) Alarm management for improved process safety, reliability, and product quality

(16b) Alarm management for improved process safety, reliabil...

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26th center for chemical process Safety International Conference 2011, CCPS - Topical Conference at the 2011 AIChE Spring Meeting and 7th Global Congress on process Safety

作者： Pariyani, Ankur Arbogast, Jeffrey Seider, Warren D. Oktem, Ulku Soroush, Masoud Cadet, Olivier Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Process Control and Logistics Air Liquide Newark DE United States Risk Management and Decision Center Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA United States

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An optimal control problem in closed-loop neuroprostheses

An optimal control problem in closed-loop neuroprostheses

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Gautam Kumar Vikram Aggarwal Nitish V. Thakor Marc H. Schieber Mayuresh V. Kothare Chemical Process Modeling and Control Center Department of Chemical Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781612848006;9781612848013

A control-theoretic study of complex systems such as closed-loop neural prostheses exhibits several challenges, from the design of an optimal feedback control problem to its solution. In this paper we study one such system, a closed-loop voluntary movement of a prosthetic finger using electrophysio-logical activities of a single cortical motor neuron. We develop an optimal feedback control problem in the nonlinear receding horizon based terminal set constraint framework. We analyze the feasibility and stability of the control problem. Further, we solve the control problem numerically by implementing a local optimum based nonconvex nonlinear programming algorithm. Finally, we study effects of visual and proprioceptive feedback pathways on the closed-loop system. Our results elucidate the importance of multiple feedback paths in designing a closed-loop neural prosthetic system.

关键词： Prosthetics Neurons Visualization Noise Optimization Torque Indexes

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Machine vision-based motion estimation of flotation froth using mutual information

Machine vision-based motion estimation of flotation froth us...

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2nd IASTED International Conference on Robotics, Robo 2011

作者： Amankwah, Anthony Aldrich, Chris Mineral Processing and Research Center School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering University of Johannesburg P O Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028 South Africa Department of Process Engineering University of Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9780889869035

The motion estimation of froths in the flotation of minerals is difficult due to the effects of bubble deformation, bursting and merging making it difficult for the traditional machine vision methods to estimate the froth velocity. In this paper, we propose a new method for the motion estimation of flotation froth using mutual information with a bin size of two (MI2) as the block matching metric. Experimental results show that the proposed motion estimation technique improves the motion estimation accuracy in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed frame. The computational cost of the proposed method is almost the same as the standard machine vision methods used for the motion estimation of flotation froth.

关键词： Motion estimation

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Sooting turbulent jet flame: Characterization and quantitative soot measurements

Sooting turbulent jet flame: Characterization and quantitati...

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作者： Köhler, M. Geigle, K.P. Meier, W. Crosland, B.M. Thomson, K.A. Smallwood, G.J. German Aerospace Center Institute of Combustion Technology Stuttgart Germany Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology National Research Council Ottawa Canada Pfaffenwaldring 38-40 Stuttgart 70569 Germany

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelers require high-quality experimental data sets for validation of their numerical tools. Preferred features for numerical simulations of a sooting, turbulent test case flame are simplicity (no pilot flame), well-defined boundary conditions, and sufficient soot production. This paper proposes a non-premixed C2H 4/air turbulent jet flame to fill this role and presents an extensive database for soot model validation. The sooting turbulent jet flame has a total visible flame length of approximately 400 mm and a fuel-jet Reynolds number of 10,000. The flame has a measured lift-off height of 26 mm which acts as a sensitive marker for CFD model validation, while this novel compiled experimental database of soot properties, temperature and velocity maps are useful for the validation of kinetic soot models and numerical flame simulations. Due to the relatively simple burner design which produces a flame with sufficient soot concentration while meeting modelers' needs with respect to boundary conditions and flame specifications as well as the present lack of a sooting "standard flame", this flame is suggested as a new reference turbulent sooting flame. The flame characterization presented here involved a variety of optical diagnostics including quantitative 2D laser-induced incandescence (2D-LII), shifted-vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (SV-CARS), and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Producing an accurate and comprehensive characterization of a transient sooting flame was challenging and required optimization of these diagnostics. In this respect, we present the first simultaneous, instantaneous PIV, and LII measurements in a heavily sooting flame environment. Simultaneous soot and flow field measurements can provide new insights into the interaction between a turbulent vortex and flame chemistry, especially since soot structures in turbulent flames are known to be small and often treated in a statistical manner. ©

关键词： Boundary conditions

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Performance of commercial and modified activated carbons for hydrogen sulfide removal from simulated biogas

Performance of commercial and modified activated carbons for...

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2011 IEEE 1st Conference on Clean Energy and Technology, CET 2011

作者： Sitthikhankaew, Russamee Predapitakkun, Somrudee Kiattikomol, Ratanawan Pumhiran, Sudhibhumi Assabumrungrat, Suttichai Laosiripojana, Navadol Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment CHE Center for Energy Technology and Environment King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi 126 Prachauthit Rd Bangkok 10140 Thailand Process Technology Research Department PTT Research and Technology Institute Phahonyothin Rd Ayuthaya 13170 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University 254 Payathai Rd Bangkok 10330 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781457713545

In Thailand, biogas is one of a renewable energy that can be utilized for fuel and electricity generator. It contains methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2) and a contaminant;hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S is toxicity and high corrosion for engine. H2S can be removed from biogas by adsorption over activated carbon, which can be produced from agricultural waste in Thailand. The purpose of this work is to test performance of commercial and modified activated carbons on H2S removal from simulated biogas at 30°C. Activated carbons were modified by steam activation, potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation and the combination of steam activation and KOH impregnation (S-KOH). Simulated biogas contain 3000 ppmv H2S, 40% CO2, 2% O2 and 70% humidity. It was found that modified activated carbons have adsorption capacity significantly higher than commercial activated carbon (in the range of 2-6 times higher depending on modification method). In detail, 1 gram of S-KOH can adsorb 84.75 mg of H2S. Furthermore, S-KOH removed H2S from 3000 ppmv into 0 ppmv for 100 minutes. It can be concluded that modified activated carbons are highly applicable for H2S removal in biogas at room temperature. Therefore, purified biogas is safe for using in household and industry. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Activated carbon

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Temperature program adsorption of hydrogen sulfide by NaOH-impregnated activated carbons for hot fuel gas purification

Temperature program adsorption of hydrogen sulfide by NaOH-i...

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2011 IEEE 1st Conference on Clean Energy and Technology, CET 2011

ISBN: (纸本)9781457713545

Natural gas, biogas and synthesis gas from coal gasification contain hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that is toxic and strong odorous for human. It is high corrosive for engine. Among various methods for H2S removal, the adsorption by activated carbon is known as an efficient process for low concentration H2S removal. Moreover, activated carbon is not only inexpensive but also produces from agricultural waste in Thailand. The objective of this work is for upgrading the commercial-grade activated carbon by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) impregnation and the combination of steam activation and NaOH impregnation. The aim of upgrading is to improve the performance of H 2S removal from fuel gases. The commercial and NaOH-impregnated activated carbons were tested by the temperature program adsorption of H 2S at 30 °C and 550 °C. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of the NaOH-impregnated activated carbons are significantly higher than the commercial activated carbon (in the range of 2-21 times higher depending on the temperature of adsorption). At high temperature of adsorption, the adsorption capacity of the NaOH-impregnated activated carbon was 30.10 mg of H2S per gram of activated carbon. It can be concluded that the upgraded activated carbons is applicable for hot fuel gas purification. The concentration of H2S comes out at the outlet gas after treatment by the upgraded materials was almost 0 ppmv, which is safe for utilizing in fuel cell system and power engine. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Activated carbon

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Effect of cuprous oxide-chitosan nanocomposites on methyl orange degradation

Galvanotechnik

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Galvanotechnik 2011年第5期102卷 1027-1033页

作者： Shoeib, M.A. Abdel Saiam, O.E. Khafagi, M.G. Hammam, R.E. Surface Treatment and Corrosion Control Department Central Metallurgical and Research Institute Egypt Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Egypt Spectroscopy Department Physics Division National Research Center Egypt Bio-Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering MTI University Egypt

By electrodissolution of copper, manocomposites of copper oxide and chitosan can be formed. Characterisation of these composites using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Infrared Spectroscopy reveals that the particle diameters lie in the range 400 to 1400 run. The particles have a maximum optical absorption at a wavelength of around 450 nm. Under light radiation, some 70% of the methy;orange present is decomposed after 90 min. This demonstrates that the photochemical activity of this composite is significantly higher than that of pure copper oxide.

关键词： Copper oxides

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Electrodeposition of nano-cuprous oxide powder and its effect on methyl orange degradation

Galvanotechnik

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Galvanotechnik 2011年第4期102卷 775-783页

作者： Shoeib, M.A. Abdel Salam, O.E. Khafagi, M.G. Hammam, R.E. Surface Treatment and Corrosion Control Department CMRD1 Egypt Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Egypt Spectroscopy Department Physics Division National Research Center Egypt Bio-Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering MTI University Egypt

By anodic dissolution of a copper electrode in a solution containing sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and calcium gluconate, copper oxide can be formed. The concentration of additional amounts of glucose affect the grain size of the copper oxide powder which can be thus adjusted to between 500 and 1000 nm in size. The powder is photoactive with a band-gap between 2 and 2.56eV. Using methyl orange as an example, the efficacy of such powders in the destruction of organic compounds is demonstrated.

关键词： Copper oxides

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Modified recursive partial least squares algorithm with application to modeling parameters of ball mill load

Modified recursive partial least squares algorithm with appl...

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作者： Tang, Jian Zhao, Lijie Yu, Wen Chai, Tianyou Yue, Heng Key Laboratory of Integrated Automation of Process Industry Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China College of Information Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang110142 China Departamento de Control Automatico CINVESTAV-IPN Av.IPN 2508 México D.F. 07360 Mexico Research Center of Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789881725592

Recursive partial least squares (RPLS) regression is effectively used in process monitoring and modeling to deal with the stronger collinearity of the process variables and slow time-varying property of industrial processes. Aim at the RPLS cannot solve the modeling speed and the accuracy problems effectively, a modified sample-wise RPLS algorithm is proposed in this paper. It updates the PLS model according to the process status. We use the approximate linear dependence (ALD) condition to check each new sample. The model is reconstructed recursively such that the new samples satisfy the ALD condition. Experimental study on modeling parameters of ball mill load shows that the proposed modified RPLS algorithm is computationally faster, and the modeling accuracy is higher than conventional RPLS for the time-varying process. © 2011 Chinese Assoc of Automati.

关键词： Parameter estimation

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