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Multiblock monitoring of aluminum reduction cells performance

作者： Tessier, Jayson Duchesne, Carl Tarcy, Gary P. STAS Alcoa-STAS R and D Team Chicoutimi QC G7K 1H1 Canada Aluminium Research Centre-REGAL Chemical Engineering Department Université Laval Quebec City QC G1K 7P4 Canada Alcoa Inc. Alcoa Technical Center Hall Process Improvement PA 15069 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781118029350

Aluminum reduction cells performance are affected by many factors. In order to efficiently understand possible causes of performance upsets, all major sources of variations have to be monitored. This implies monitoring all anode and alumina properties, as well as pot state and manipulated variables, while also taking into account pot design or integrity after start-up. Considering the high number of variables involved in such a task, this is practically impossible using typical statistical process control tools. The problem is even worst when applied on a pot basis. This paper proposes the use of multiblock PLS (MBPLS) to build a monitoring scheme on a pot basis, simultaneously taking into account the influence of alumina and anode properties, of pot state and manipulated variables, as well as the pot state following its start-up. Derived from a regression model, the monitoring policy ensures that only variations relevant to pot performance variations are highlighted.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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Performance of commercial and modified activated carbons for hydrogen sulfide removal from simulated biogas

Performance of commercial and modified activated carbons for...

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IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)

作者： Russamee Sitthikhankaew Somrudee Predapitakkun Ratanawan Kiattikomol Sudhibhumi Pumhiran Suttichai Assabumrungrat Navadol Laosiripojana Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment CHE Center for Energy Technology and Environment King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Process Technology Research Department PTT Research and Technology Institute Ayuthaya Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

In Thailand, biogas is one of a renewable energy that can be utilized for fuel and electricity generator. It contains methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), Oxygen (O 2 ) and a contaminant; hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). H 2 S is toxicity and high corrosion for engine. H 2 S can be removed from biogas by adsorption over activated carbon, which can be produced from agricultural waste in Thailand. The purpose of this work is to test performance of commercial and modified activated carbons on H 2 S removal from simulated biogas at 30 °C. Activated carbons were modified by steam activation, potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation and the combination of steam activation and KOH impregnation (S_KOH). Simulated biogas contain 3000 ppmv H 2 S, 40% CO 2 , 2% O 2 and 70% humidity. It was found that modified activated carbons have adsorption capacity significantly higher than commercial activated carbon (in the range of 2-6 times higher depending on modification method). In detail, 1 gram of S_KOH can adsorb 84.75 mg of H 2 S. Furthermore, S_KOH removed H 2 S from 3000 ppmv into 0 ppmv for 100 minutes. It can be concluded that modified activated carbons are highly applicable for H 2 S removal in biogas at room temperature. Therefore, purified biogas is safe for using in household and industry.

关键词： Carbon Industries

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Temperature program adsorption of hydrogen sulfide by NaOH-impregnated activated carbons for hot fuel gas purification

Temperature program adsorption of hydrogen sulfide by NaOH-i...

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IEEE Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CET)

Natural gas, biogas and synthesis gas from coal gasification contain hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) that is toxic and strong odorous for human. It is high corrosive for engine. Among various methods for H 2 S removal, the adsorption by activated carbon is known as an efficient process for low concentration H 2 S removal. Moreover, activated carbon is not only inexpensive but also produces from agricultural waste in Thailand. The objective of this work is for upgrading the commercial-grade activated carbon by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) impregnation and the combination of steam activation and NaOH impregnation. The aim of upgrading is to improve the performance of H 2 S removal from fuel gases. The commercial and NaOH-impregnated activated carbons were tested by the temperature program adsorption of H 2 S at 30°C and 550°C. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of the NaOH-impregnated activated carbons are significantly higher than the commercial activated carbon (in the range of 2-21 times higher depending on the temperature of adsorption). At high temperature of adsorption, the adsorption capacity of the NaOH-impregnated activated carbon was 30.10 mg of H 2 S per gram of activated carbon. It can be concluded that the upgraded activated carbons is applicable for hot fuel gas purification. The concentration of H 2 S comes out at the outlet gas after treatment by the upgraded materials was almost 0 ppmv, which is safe for utilizing in fuel cell system and power engine.

关键词： Carbon

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Optimal parameter estimation of the Izhikevich single neuron model using experimental Inter-Spike Interval (ISI) data

Optimal parameter estimation of the Izhikevich single neuron...

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作者： Kumar, Gautam Aggarwal, Vikram Thakor, Nitish V. Schieber, Marc H. Kothare, Mayuresh V. Department of Chemical Engineering Chemical Process Modeling and Control Center Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 United States Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY 14627 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424474264

We propose to use the Izhikevich single neuron model to represent a motor cortex neuron for studying a control-theoretic perspective of a neuroprosthetic system. The problem of estimating model parameters is addressed when the only available data from intracortical recordings of a neuron are the Inter-Spike Intervals (ISIs). Non-linear constrained and unconstrained optimization problems are formulated to estimate model parameters as well as synaptic inputs using ISIs data. The primal-dual interior-point method is implemented to solve the constrained optimization problem. Reasonable model parameters are estimated by solving these optimization problems which may serve as a template for studying and developing a model of ensemble cortical neurons for neuroprosthesis applications. © 2010 AACC.

关键词： Neurons

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Different hydrodynamic model for gas-phase propylene polymemation in a catalytic fluidized bed reactor

Different hydrodynamic model for gas-phase propylene polymem...

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2nd International Conference on chemical, Biological and Environmental engineering, ICBEE 2010

作者： Shamiri, Ahmad Hussain, Mohamed Azlan Mjalli, Farouq Sabri Mostoufi, Navid Department of Chemical Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Process Design and Simulation Research Center College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781424487479

A comparative simulation study was carried out using the improved well-mixed, constant bubble size and well mixed models. These fluidized bed reactor models, combined with comprehensive kinetics for propylene homo-polymerization in the presence of a multiple active site Ziegler-Natta catalyst. In the improved model, the effect of the presence of particles in the bubbles and the excess gas in the emulsion phase was taken into account to improve the quantitative understanding of the actual fluidized bed process. The superficial gas velocity and catalyst feed rate have a strong effect on the hydrodynamics and reaction rate, which results in a greater variation in the polymer production rate and reactor temperature. At typical operating conditions the improved well mixed and well mixed models were in good agreement. While the COO!ICU bubble size model was found to over-predict the emulsion phase temperature and underpredict propylene concentration. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Hydrodynamics

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Coordination of distributed production planning and scheduling systems

Coordination of distributed production planning and scheduli...

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作者： Xu, Chaojun Sand, Guido Engell, Sebastian Process and Production Optimization ABB AG Corporate Research Center Germany Wallstadter Str. 59 68526 Ladenburg Germany Process Dynamics and Operations Group Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering TU Dortmund Emil-Figge-Str. 70 44227 Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783902661814

In this paper, the requirements of industrial solutions to plant-wide planning and scheduling problems are discussed. The state-of-the-art algorithms for the coordination of local schedulers are reviewed and a new heuristic method is presented that utilizes the existing distributed scheduling algorithms by considering the coupled due dates and release dates in the distributed schedulers and by penalizing the slacks between the individual optimized schedules and the linking variables iteratively. The performance of the proposed coordination algorithm is evaluated for a prototypical distributed production scheduling problem which consists of two MILP scheduling models. The numerical results show that the proposed coordination scheme is superior compared to fully decentralized and to centralized scheduling algorithms and to other cooperative scheduling methods with respect to solution quality and computational effort. © 2010 IFAC.

关键词： Heuristic methods

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Optimal parameter estimation of the Izhikevich single neuron model using experimental inter-spike interval (ISI) data

Optimal parameter estimation of the Izhikevich single neuron...

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American control Conference

作者： Gautam Kumar Vikram Aggarwal Nitish V. Thakor Marc H. Schieber Mayuresh V. Kothare Chemical Process Modeling and Control Center Department of Chemical Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 U.S.A. Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 U.S.A. Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY 14627 U.S.A.

ISBN: (纸本)9781424474264

关键词： Neurons model parameters optimal parameter UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMISATION Parameter estimation available data jigs(templates)

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Coordination of Distributed Production Planning and Scheduling Systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2010年第17期43卷 126-131页

作者： Chaojun Xu Guido Sand Sebastian Engell Process and Production Optimization ABB AG Corporate Research Center Germany Wallstadter Str. 59 68526 Ladenburg Germany (Tel: +49(0)6203-716044) Process Dynamics and Operations Group Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering TU Dortmund Emil-Figge-Str. 70 44227 Dortmund Germany

关键词： Optimisation Methods and Simulation Tools Industrial Applications Supply Chain Integration and Management Issues Plant-wide Planning and Scheduling MILP Coordination

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An inventory of potentially habitable environments on Mars: Geological and biological perspectives

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Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 2011年 483卷 317-347页

作者： Dohm, J.M. Miyamoto, H. Ori, G.G. Fairén, A.G. Davila, A.F. Komatsu, G. Mahaney, W.C. Williams, J.-P. Joye, S.B. Di Achille, G. Oehler, D.Z. Marzo, G.A. Schulze-Makuch, D. Acocella, V. Glamoclija, M. Pondrelli, M. Boston, P. Hart, K.M. Anderson, R.C. Baker, V.R. Fink, W. Kelleher, B.P. Furfaro, R. Gross, C. Hare, T.M. Frazer, A.R. Ip, F. Allen, C.C.R. Kim, K.J. Maruyama, S. McGuire, P.C. Netoff, D. Parnell, J. Wendt, L. Wheelock, S.J. Steele, A. Hancock, R.G.V. Havics, R.A. Costa, P. Krinsley, D. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States University Museum Tokyo Japan International Research School of Planetary Sciences Università d'Annunzio Pescara Italy Space Sciences and Astrobiology Division National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA United States SETI Institute Mountain View CA United States Planetary Exploration Research Center Chiba Institute of Technology Chiba Japan Quaternary Surveys Toronto ON Canada Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA United States Ashima Research Pasadena CA United States Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens GA United States Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO United States Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX United States Bay Area Environmental Research Institute Sonoma CA United States School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA United States Dipartimento Science Geologiche Università Roma Tre Rome Italy Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of Washington Carnegie WA United States Department of Earth and Environmental Science New Mexico Tech Socorro NM United States School of Chemical Sciences Dublin City University Dublin Ireland Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA United States Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA United States Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States Institute of Geological Sciences-Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Freie Universität Berlin Malteserstrasse Berlin Germany U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff

ISBN: (纸本)9780813724836

On Earth, biology, hydrology, and geology are interlinked such that certain types of life are often associated with specifi c conditions, including rock type, pressure, temperature, and chemistry. Life on Earth has established itself in diverse and extreme niches, presenting the possibility that Mars, too, may hold records of fossilized and/or extant life in diverse environments. Geologic, paleohydrologic, and climatic conditions through the evolution of Mars are similar in many respects to conditions occurring during the evolution of Earth and, as such, may point to environments on Mars with potential to have supported living systems. Here, we discuss examples of those Martian settings. Such extraterrestrial environments should be targeted by international robotic and/or manned missions to explore potential fossilized or extant life on Mars. © 2011 Geological Society of America.

关键词： Geology

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Estimation of component concentrations of sodium aluminate solution via PLS and Hammerstein recurrent neural networks

Estimation of component concentrations of sodium aluminate s...

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International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence (IWACI)

作者： Wei Wang Lijie Zhao Tianyou Chai Wen Yu Key Laboratory of Integrated Automation of Process Industry Ministry of Education Northeastern University China Key Laboratory of Integrated Automation of Process Industry Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology Information Engineering School Ministry of Education China Key Laboratory of Integrated Automation of Process Industry Ministry of Education and Research Center of Automation Northeastern University China Departamento de Control Automatico CINVESTAV Mexicali Mexico

In this paper, a new on-line soft sensing method is proposed for component concentrations of sodium aluminate solution. With this sensing strategy, real-time control and optimization can be realized in aluminate production plants. Several advance techniques are used, such as PLS (Partial Least Squares), Hammerstein model, recurrent neural networks and least square algorithm. Industrial experiment results show that the proposed soft sensing algorithm is effective.

关键词： Nonlinear dynamical systems Recurrent neural networks Computational modeling Heuristic algorithms Temperature measurement Data models Artificial neural networks

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