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Application of Nonlinear State Estimation to Batch Polymerization Reactors

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1998年第11期31卷 645-650页

作者： G. Mourikas A.J. Morris C. Kiparissides Center of Process Analysis Chemometrics and Control Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle UK Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

Two estimation methods, namely the Extended Kalman Filter and the Receding Horizon State Estimator, were applied to a simulated batch solution polymerization reactor model. Parameter adaptive filters were found to be extremely successful in tracking time-varying model parameters (e.g., reactor fouling and time-varying kinetic rate constants). Finally, the problem of estimating the initial process states was considered, and two estimation algorithms (e.g., the reiterative Kalman Filter and a non-linear optimization based estimator) were implemented to track the initial initiator concentration and the initial value of the overall heat-transfer coefficient in a batch polymerization reactor.

关键词： Nonlinear estimation multirate EKF polymerization reactors time-varying parameters

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Nonlinear reduced order models for separation processes via augmentation of linear subspace models

Nonlinear reduced order models for separation processes via ...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： W.A. Docter C. Georgakis Chemical Process Modeling and Control Research Center and Department of Chemical Engine Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA D311 Iacocca Hal Bethlehem PA

This paper presents a general methodology for developing nonlinear low-order model (NLLOM) from data collected from large detailed nonlinear models. This methodology is divided into two tasks: development of an average linear low-order model (ALLOM) and augmentation of the ALLOM with selected nonlinear terms to form the NLLOM. The tools required for the augmentation step that is the focus of this paper include stepwise regression and nonlinear optimization. Results will be presented for the application of these techniques in the development of an NLLOM from a detailed high purity air separation distillation column model supplied by Praxair, Inc.

关键词： Separation processes Predictive models Solid modeling Integrated circuit modeling Discrete Fourier transforms chemical processes process control chemical engineering Distillation equipment Thermodynamics

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Multivariate Statistical process control and process Performance Monitoring

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1998年第11期31卷 347-356页

作者： E.B. Martin A.J. Morris C. Kiparissides Centre for Process Analysis Chemometrics and Control University of Newcastle NewcastLe upon Tyne NEI 7RU United Kingdom Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute Aristotle University of Thessaloniki P. O. Box 472 Greece

Multivariate Statistical process Performance Monitoring (MSPPM) provides a diagnostic tool for the monitoring and detection of process malfunctions for continuous and batch manufacturing processes. This paper initially reviews the concept of process performance monitoring through an industrial application to a fluidised bed-reactor and a simulation of a batch methyl methacrylate polymerisation reactor, prior to describing some of the more recent work being carried out. This includes the development of performance monitoring schemes from minimal process data, the use of multi-block techniques for plant-wide monitoring and the development of generic models for the monitoring of multiple products, grades or recipes.

关键词： Multivariate Quality control Batch and Continuous processes Plant-wide Monitoring Generic Models Minimal Data

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process Performance Monitoring of Batch Polymerisation Reactors by MSPC Methods

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1998年第11期31卷 731-736页

作者： M. Papazoglou E.B. Martin A.J. Morris C. Kiparissides Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute Aristotle University of Thessaloniki P.O. Box 472 Greece Centre for Process Analysis Chemometrics and Control University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU United Kingdom

Multivariate statistical procedures for developing two inferential models concerning the operation of batch reactors are presented. A linear statistical model, based upon Multi-way Projection to Latent Structures, is first developed for the estimation of the initial process conditions using only a few on-line process samples collected, at an early stage of the polymerisation. The second model, based upon classical PLS, provides predictions of the final polymer properties using only the initial conditions of the batch operation. Issues associated with the application of the proposed technique to batch reactors is also discussed. Finally the developments are applied to a comprehensive batch methyl-methacrylate (MMA) polymerisation reactor simulation.

关键词： Batch Polymerisation process Performance Monitoring Initial and Final Conditions

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Cue circles: image feature for measuring 3-D motion of articulated objects using sequential image pair

Cue circles: image feature for measuring 3-D motion of artic...

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International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition

作者： Jae-Moon Chung N. Ohnishi Bio Mimetic Control Research Center Institute for Physical and Chemical Research Nagoya Japan Department of Information Engineering School of Engineering University of Nagoya Japan

The shape of articulated objects such as the human body can be simplified into a stick model which is represented by connections of several circular generalized cylinders (GCs). The authors propose a new image feature called cue circles (CCs), and present a method for obtaining CCs from input images. Using CCs, 3D motion of the human body is measured from a sequence of boundary contour image pairs, which is obtained by an active binocular sensor system. The body model used is represented by a set of cue spheres (CSs), each of which is located at ends of GCs. Stereo matching for recovering the body model is carried out by finding pairs of CCs between the pair of contour images under consideration: a CS is projected on the two image planes as its corresponding CCs.

关键词： Motion measurement

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A robust eigenspace method for high-speed massively parallel vision systems

A robust eigenspace method for high-speed massively parallel...

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Proceedings. 1998 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Innovations in Theory, Practice and Applications (Cat. No.98CH36190)

作者： T. Mukai N. Ohnishi Bio-Mimetic Control Research Center The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Nagoya Japan Department of Information Engineering Faculty of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

Image processing systems, each consisting of massively parallel photodetectors and digital processing elements on a monolithic circuit, are being developed by several researchers. This approach is promising for applications in robot vision and visual inspection. Some early vision-like processing algorithms, such as edge-detection, smoothing and thinning, are installed in the vision systems. However, they are not sufficient for applications because their output is in the form of pattern information, so that, in order to respond to input, some feature values are required to be extracted from the pattern. We propose a method for extracting feature values associated with images in a massively parallel vision system. The feature can be a complex one, such as the rotation angle of an object, if the feature value changes continuously as the image changes. The method is based on the eigenspace method, but modified to be robust. In addition, we propose some computation accelerating methods and report some experimental results.

关键词： Robustness Machine vision Data mining Image processing Photodetectors Circuits Robot vision systems Inspection Smoothing methods Feature extraction

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A Computation Model of Echo Avoidance in Human Audition

A Computation Model of Echo Avoidance in Human Audition

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1998 International Conference on Neural Networks and Brain(ICNN&B’98)

作者： Jie Huang Noboru Ohnishi Xiaolan Guo Noboru Sugie Bio-Mimetic Control Research Center The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research(RIKEN)2271-130 AnagahoraShimoshidamiMoriyama-kuNagoya 463Japan Department of Information Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya464-01 Japan

The precedence effect being a topic of continuous theoretical interest in hearing research,however,cannot be predicted explicitly by a model until so *** this paper,an acho-avoidance mechanism is proposed by assuming that the precedence effect is caused by the inhibition of sound localization which depends on the estimated soundto -echo *** assume there is a neural echo estimation mechanism in the human auditory *** is found that a temporal pattern of aftereffect with delay and decay features,which is adopted from the previous psychological tests on the increase of the perceptual threshold of interaural time difference following a preceding impulsive sound, can be used for echo *** results of psychological experiments,***-level and unequal-level paired click tests,Haas's tests,Franssen's tests and others,can be interpreted consistently.

关键词： precedence effect sound localization echo estimation echo avoidance reverberant environment

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Spatial localization of sound sources: azimuth and elevation estimation

Spatial localization of sound sources: azimuth and elevation...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Jie Huang N. Ohnishi N. Sugie RIKEN Inst. of Phys. & Chem. Res. Saitama Japan Bio-Mimetic Control Research Center The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research RIKEN Nagoya Japan Department of Information Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Nagoya Nagoya Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Meijo University Nagoya Japan

A model-based bio-mimetic sound localization method has been proposed for concurrent and continuous speech sources located in reverberant environment. However, the method only provides the estimation of azimuths of sound sources. The current paper is to extend the previous method to be available for sound sources existing in the 3D space by using a four microphone set. As the procedure of signal processing, arrival time differences of different microphone pairs are calculated at each available onset of sound components. The locus circles of different microphone pairs in the surface of Gaussian Sphere are then calculated and projected topographically to a horizontal plane, which consists the north pole, by the south pole projection. A two dimensional histogram in the projected plane corresponding to the source direction is created by summing all the projected maps of every onsets. Finally, the directions of sound sources are determined by the position of the major peaks in the two-dimensional histogram.

关键词： Azimuth Microphones Histograms Auditory system Humans chemical technology Acoustical engineering Speech Surface topography chemical sensors

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Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland - Section of Bioengineering - Proceedings of meeting held in Dundalk, Co. Louth, in February 1998.

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IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 1998年第4期167卷 256-276页

作者： [Anonymous] Orthopaedic Research Unit The Queen’s University of Belfast School of Biomedical Sciences The Queen’s University of Belfast Howmedica International Ltd. Raheen Industrial Estate Limerick Department of Mechanical Engineering Trinity College Dublin 2 Mater Hospital Dublin 7 Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Århus University Hospital Denmark University of Limerick Limerick Limerick Regional Hospital Raheen Limerick Boston Scientific Ireland Ltd. Galway Department of Mechanical Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Bioengineering Research Centre Department of Mechanical Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Northern Ireland Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC) School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering University of Ulster Newtownabbey Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering The Ashby Building The Queen’s University of Belfast Johnson and Johnson Professional Orthopaedic Division Queensway England Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical Physics & Bioengineering St. James’s Hospital Dublin 8 Burke House Ellison Street Castlebar Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Department of Surgery Beaumont Hospital Dublin Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Trinity College Dublin 2 Department of Aeronautical Engineering The Queen’s University of Belfast Vascular Unit Belfast City Hospital Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering St. James’s Hospital Dublin 8 Centre for Biomedical Electronics Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Limerick Limerick Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering University of Limerick Limerick School of Health Sciences University of Ulster Ireland School of Physiotherapy University of Ulster Newtownabbey Clinical Engineering NI Medical Physics Agency Belfast and Radiology Royal Victoria Hospital Musgrave Park Hospital University of Limerick Biomedical Institute (ULBMI) Uni

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Self‐compatibilization of polymer blends via novel solid‐state shear extrusion pulverization

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Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1998年第9期63卷

作者： A. R. Nesarikar S. H. Carr K. Khait F. M. Mirabella Department of Materials Science and Engineering and BIRL Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 Process Research Center Quantum Chemical Company Morris Illinois 60450

The mechanochemistry of a novel economical solid‐state shear extrusion (SSSE) pulverization is investigated. SSSE compatibilizes incompatible blends in situ; the process has great potential in recycling of post‐consumer plastic waste (PCPW). It is proposed that SSSE causes this self‐compatibilization of blends by rupturing polymer chains and allowing them to recombine with their neighboring chains. When this recombination involves dissimilar chains at an interface between powder particles, block copolymers are formed, and if the chain transfer reactions are possible, graft copolymers are formed. These copolymers at the interfaces in the phase‐separated, incompatible blend lower the interfacial tension and increase the adhesion at the interfaces, thus compatibilizing the blend. Our nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and rheology studies reveal the formation of long chain branches (LCBs) in an linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), which is equivalent to the formation of graft copolymers in blends. With NMR, an increase from ∼ 0.2 to ∼ 2.0 of the number of LCBs per 1000 carbon atoms is observed due to pulverization of the LLDPE. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 1179–1187, 1997

关键词： solid‐state shear extrusion pulverization self‐compatibilization polymer blends nuclear magnetic resonance rheology

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