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Thermally stable Ir/Ce0.9La0.1O2 catalyst for high temperature methane dry reforming reaction

Nano research 2017年第2期10卷 364-380页

作者： Fagen Wang Leilei Xu Weidong Shi Jian Zhang Kai Wu Yu Zhao Hui Li He Xing Li Guo Qin Xu Wei Chen Laboratory of Energy and Environment Interface Engineering National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute Suzhou 215123 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of the Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Chemistry Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China Singapore-Peking University Research Center for a Sustainable Low-Carbon Future I CREATE Way # 15-01 CREATE Tower Singapore 138602 Singapore

In this study, the use of a thermally stable Ir/Ce0.9La0.1O2 catalyst was investigated for the dry reforming of methane. The doping of La203 into the CeO2 lattice enhanced the chemical and physical properties of the Ir/Ce0.9La0.1O2 catalyst, such as redox properties, Ir dispersion, oxygen storage capacity, and thermal stability, with respect to the Ir/CeO2 catalyst. Hence, the Ir/Ce0.9La0.1O2 catalyst exhibits higher activity and stabler performance for the dry reforming of methane than the Ir/CeO2 catalyst. This observation can be mainly attributed to the stronger interaction between the metal and support in the Ir/Ce0.9La0.1O2 catalyst stabilizing the catalyst structure and improving the oxygen storage capacity, leading to negligible aggregation of Ir nanoparticles and the Ce0.9La0.1O2 support at high temperatures, as well as the rapid removal of carbon deposits at the boundaries between the Ir metal and the Ce0.9La0.1O2 support.

关键词： thermally stable catalyst Ir/Ce0.9La0.1O2 metal-support interaction methane dry reforming

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Monte Carlo algorithm based on internal bridging moves for the atomistic simulation of thiophene oligomers and polymers

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Tsourtou, Flora D. Peroukidis, Stavros D. Peristeras, Loukas D. Mavrantzas, Vlasis G. Department of Chemical Engineering University of Patras FORTH-ICE HT PatrasGR-26504 Greece School of Science / Technology Natural Sciences Hellenic Open University PatrasGR-26335 Greece National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Molecular Thermodynamics and Modelling of Materials Laboratory Aghia Paraskevi AttikisGR-15310 Greece Particle Technology Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH-Z ZürichCH-8092 Switzerland

We introduce a powerful Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm for the atomistic simulation of bulk models of oligo- and poly-thiophenes by redesigning MC moves originally developed for considerably simpler polymer structures and architectures, such as linear and branched polyethylene, to account for the ring structure of the thiophene monomer. Elementary MC moves implemented include bias reptation of an end thiophene ring, flip of an internal thiophene ring, rotation of an end thiophene ring, concerted rotation of three thiophene rings, rigid translation of an entire molecule, rotation of an entire molecule and volume fluctuation. In the implementation of all moves we assume that thiophene ring atoms remain rigid and strictly co-planar;on the other hand, inter-ring torsion and bond bending angles remain fully flexible subject to suitable potential energy functions. Test simulations with the new algorithm of an important thiophene oligomer, α-sexithiophene (α-6T), at a high enough temperature (above its isotropic-to-nematic phase transition) using a new united atom model specifically developed for the purpose of this work provide predictions for the volumetric, conformational and structural properties that are remarkably close to those obtained from detailed atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations using an all-atom model. The new algorithm is particularly promising for exploring the rich (and largely unexplored) phase behavior and nanoscale ordering of very long (also more complex) thiophene-based polymers which cannot be addressed by conventional MD methods due to the extremely long relaxation times characterizing chain dynamics in these systems. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Blooming of chlorfenapyr from polyethylene films

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2289卷

作者： António B. Mapossa Dennis Moyo James Wesley-Smith Walter W. Focke René Androsch 1Institute of Applied Materials Department of Chemical Engineering University of Pretoria Lynnwood Road Pretoria South Africa 2UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research University of Pretoria Private Bag X20 Hatfield 0028 Pretoria South Africa 3Institute of Applied Materials Department of Chemistry University of Pretoria Lynnwood Road Pretoria South Africa 4Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University South Africa 5Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06099 Halle/Saale Germany

FTIR, in ATR and in transmission modes, enabled the tracking of the migration of the insecticide Chlorfenapyr to the surface of a polymer film. It also allowed estimation of the apparent solubility in the polymer. However, SEM investigations revealed that a portion of the insecticide is trapped, in a crystalline state, inside the polymer matrix.

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SiO 2 @ [email protected] 2 catalyst with improved thermal stability: Effect of interaction between Pd and CeO 2 on activity for CO oxidation

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Molecular Catalysis 2020年 492卷

作者： Hyun Jae Kim Jae Hwan Lee Min Woo Lee Yaeun Seo Jin Woo Choung Chang Hwan Kim Kwan-Young Lee Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University 145 Anam-Ro Seongbuk-Gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea Advanced Catalysts and Emission-Control Research Lab Research & Development Division Hyundai Motor Group Hyundaiyeonguso-Ro Namyang-Eup Hwaseong-Si Gyeonggi-Do 18280 Republic of Korea Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School) Korea University 145 Anam-Ro Seongbuk-Gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea Super Ultra Low Energy and Emission Vehicle (SULEEV) Center Korea University 145 Anam-Ro Seongbuk-Gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea

In this study, SiO 2 -supported Pd catalyst (Pd/SiO 2 ) and CeO 2 -encapsulated Pd/SiO 2 core-shell catalysts (SiO 2 @ [email protected] 2 ) were prepared and examined for CO oxidation. After aging at 700 ℃, the thermal stability of SiO 2 @ [email protected] 2 catalyst was improved in comparison to Pd/SiO 2 because the CeO 2 shell increased the structural stability and effectively inhibited the sintering of Pd particles on SiO 2 . Moreover, the differences in activity and properties of the catalysts were investigated through various characterization methods. The CeO 2 shell induced changes in the chemical properties of the Pd particles adjacent to CeO 2 due to the strong interaction between Pd and CeO 2 (Pd x Ce 1-x O 2 solid solution), and the interaction improved the activity of the SiO 2 @ [email protected] 2 catalysts. As a result, the SiO 2 @ [email protected] 2 core-shell catalysts have an enhanced thermal stability and catalytic activity resulting from both a morphology effect and a synergistic effect between Pd and CeO 2 .

关键词： CO oxidation Palladium Ceria Core-shell structure Thermal stability

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Effects of the support material addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 224-230页

作者： Tania Pérez-Pérez Gleyce Teixeira Correia Wu Hong Kwong Ileana Pereda-Reyes Deny Oliva-Merencio Marcelo Zaiat Institute of Animal Science San Jose de las Lajas Mayabeque Cuba Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos Brazil Process Engineering Centre Instituto Superior Politecnico Jose Antonio Echeverria (Cujae) 11901 114 Street Marianao Havana Cuba Study Centre of Renevaable Energy Technologies Instituto Superior Politecnico rose Antonio Echeverria (Cujae) 11901 114 Street Marianao Havana Cuba Biological Processes Laboratory Center for Research Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering Sao Carlos School of Engineering University of Sao Paulo Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F Av. Joao Dagnone 17.00 - Santa Angelina 13.563-120 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

As a support material, zeolite can be used to promote the granulation process due to its high settable property and the ability to retain biomass on its surface. The present paper reports on the influence of zeolite addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor（EGSB）. Different models were applied to fit the flow pattern and to compare EGSB hydrodynamic performance with and without the addition of zeolite. The experimental data fit the tanks in a series model for zeolite bed height of 5 cm and upflow velocity of 6 m/*** axial dispersion degree（D/uL） was obtained at lower heights of zeolite. The real hydraulic retention time（HRTr） was increased with both increased zeolite bed height and increased upflow velocity. The short-circuit results for 5 cm of zeolite bed and 6, 8 and 10 m/hr upflow velocity were 0.3, 0.24 and 0.19 respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using zeolite for a proper hydrodynamic environment to operate the EGSB reactor. The presence of zeolite resulted in the higher percentage values of dead zones, ranging from 12% to 24%.Zeolite addition exerted a positive effect on the hydrodynamics pattern for this technology being advantageous for the anaerobic process because of its possible contribution to better biofilm agglomeration, granule formation and substrate-microorganism contact.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Axial dispersion degree EGSB reactor Hydrodynamics Upflow velocity Zeolite

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Investigation on Cylindrical Particle Position Distribution in Fluidized Bed Using XPTV Method

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2017年第7期38卷 1384-1391页

作者： Zhong, Wen-Qi Chen, Xi Yu, Ai-Bing Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Center for Simulation and Modeling of Particulate Systems Southeast University-Monash University Joint Research Institute Suzhou215123 China Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia

An X-ray particle tracking velocimetry (XPTV) system is designed and built, and the corresponding tracer particle fabrication method is established. With the XPTV system, the cylindrical particle position and orientation determination method and its error evaluation are investigated. Experimental studies on cylindrical particle position and orientation distribution are carried out based on the aforementioned system and methods. The results show that in bubbling fluidization regime, an internal circulation of cylindrical particles forms in the fluidized bed, and the center axes of most cylindrical particles tend to tilt instead of being vertical. In turbulence fluidization regime, cylindrical particles tend to uniformly disperse across the fluidized bed, and the center axes of most cylindrical particles are vertical. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Fluidized beds

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Gasification Integrated with Small chemical Pulp Mills for Fuel and Energy Production

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Energy Procedia 2017年 142卷 977-983页

作者： Muhammad Naqvi Erik Dahlquist Abdul-Sattar Nizami Muhammad Danish Salman Naqvi Usman Farooq Abdul Sattar Qureshi Mohammad Rehan Department of Energy Building and Environment Mälardalen University Sweden Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies King Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process ECUST China School of Chemical & Materials Engineering NUST Pakistan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering University of Sindh Pakistan

Pulp mills without black liquor recovery cycle could play a major role in employing black liquor gasification (BLG) to produce transport fuels. In conventional chemical pulp mills, black liquor is burnt in recovery boilers to generate steam and electricity to meet energy demands. The inorganic chemicals are reused for the digestion process. However, the energy content and inorganic chemicals are not recovered in small scale pulp mills especially in the developing countries which do not employ recovery cycle. This study investigates the potential of synthetic natural gas (SNG) production by integrating BLG island with a reference pulp mill without chemical recovery cycle. The improvements in overall energy efficiency are evaluated using performance indicators such as biofuel production potential, integrated system’s efficiency, and energy ratios. The oxygen-blown circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasification with direct causticization is integrated with reference pulp mill. The results showed considerable SNG production without external biomass import. However to compensate total electricity deficit, the electricity will be imported from the grid. There is a substantial CO 2 abatement potential of combining CO 2 capture using seloxol absorption, and CO 2 mitigation from SNG by replacing gasoline.

关键词： Pulp mill Polygeneration Gasification SNG Waste to energy

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A novel electrochemical sensor based on Cu@Ni/MWCNTs nanocomposite for simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine

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Biosensors & bioelectronics 2018年 102卷 389-395页

作者： Dongyang Wang Bintong Huang Jie Liu Xia Guo Guzailinur Abudukeyoumu Yang Zhang Bang-Ce Ye Yingchun Li Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China. Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources for Ministry of Education School of Pharmacy Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 China. The Clinical Innovation & Research Center (CIRC) Shenzhen Hospital Southern Medical University Shenzhen 518100 China. Department of pharmacy Kashi Second People's Hospital Kashi Xinjiang 844000 China. College of Science Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China. Electronic address: zhangyang07@***. Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China. Electronic address: bcye@***. Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources for Ministry of Education School of Pharmacy Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 China. Electronic address: liyingchun@***.

A novel electrochemical sensing platform based on combination of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and copper-nickel hybrid nanoparticles (Cu@Ni/MWCNTs) was developed for simultaneous detection of guanine (G) and adenine (A). The Ni/MWCNTs and Cu@Ni/MWCNTs nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical behaviors of G and A on the modified electrode were explored by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in phosphate buffer with pH 3.0. Under the optimal conditions, electrical signals were linear over the concentration ranges from 5.0 to 180μM and 8.0 to 150μM for simultaneous determination G and A with the detection limit as low as 0.35μM and 0.56μM (S/N = 3), respectively. Furthermore, linear concentration ranges in individual determination are 1.0-180μM and 2.0-150μM with detection limits of 0.17μM and 0.33μM (S/N = 3) for G and A, respectively. The sensor was successfully used to quantify G and A in real samples. The Cu@Ni/MWCNTs composite presented here can serve as a promising candidate for developing electrochemical sensor devices and plays an important role in widespread fields.

关键词： Adenine Copper nickel nanoparticles Electrocatalytic oxidation Guanine Multi-walled carbon nanotubes Synergistic effect

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GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the Second Part of the Third Observing Run

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Physical Review X 2023年第4期13卷 041039-041039页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith S. Akcay T. Akutsu S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. Brandt J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer G. S. Cabourn Davies L. Cadonati G. Cagn LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut L

The third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) describes signals detected with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo up to the end of their third observing run. Updating the previous GWTC-2.1, we present candidate gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences during the second half of the third observing run (O3b) between 1 November 2019, 15∶00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and 27 March 2020, 17∶00 UTC. There are 35 compact binary coalescence candidates identified by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical origin pastro>0.5. Of these, 18 were previously reported as low-latency public alerts, and 17 are reported here for the first time. Based upon estimates for the component masses, our O3b candidates with pastro>0.5 are consistent with gravitational-wave signals from binary black holes or neutron-star–black-hole binaries, and we identify none from binary neutron stars. However, from the gravitational-wave data alone, we are not able to measure matter effects that distinguish whether the binary components are neutron stars or black holes. The range of inferred component masses is similar to that found with previous catalogs, but the O3b candidates include the first confident observations of neutron-star–black-hole binaries. Including the 35 candidates from O3b in addition to those from GWTC-2.1, GWTC-3 contains 90 candidates found by our analysis with pastro>0.5 across the first three observing runs. These observations of compact binary coalescences present an unprecedented view of the properties of black holes and neutron stars.

关键词： Gravitational waves

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Discovery and therapeutic implications of bioactive dihydroxylated phenolic acids in patients with severe heart disease and conditions associated with inflammation and hypoxia

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Pharmacological research 2022年 185卷 106458页

作者： Yajun Bai Pu Jia Ye Zhao Lingjian Yang Xiaoxiao Wang Xue Wang Jing Wang Ni'er Zhong Huaxiang Deng Linxiang Du Jiacheng Fang Yanbo Xue Yongyong Chen Shuomo Gao Ying Feng Yi Yan Tianzheng Xiong Jinbin Liu Ying Sun Jing Xie Xirui He Xuexia An Pei Liu Jinjin Xu Fanggang Qin Xue Meng Qian Yin Qiuxiang Yang Rong Gao Xiaokang Gao Kai Luo Qiannan Li Xing Wang Jing Liang Puye Yang Yajun Zhang Sha Liao Shixiang Wang Xinfeng Zhao Chaoni Xiao Jie Yu Qinshe Liu Rui Wang Ning Peng Xiaowen Wang Jianbo Guo Xia Li Haijing Liu Yan Bai Zijian Li Youyi Zhang Yefei Nan Qunzheng Zhang Xunli Zhang Jin'e Lei Erna Alberts Angélique de Man Hye Kyong Kim Su-Jung Hsu Yu Sheng Jia Joerg Riener Jianbin Zheng Wanbin Zhang Xiaopu Zheng Yujie Cai Mei Wang Tai-Ping Fan Xiaohui Zheng Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China. First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 China. School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China. First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 China Institute of Vascular Medicine Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing 100083 China. Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Infectious Diseases Xi'an North Hospital Xi'an 710043 China. Department of Pharmacology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1PD UK. Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital Xi'an 710068 China. Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control Xi'an 710065 China. Department of Pharmacology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1PD UK School of Information and Control Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 China. Institute of Vascular Medicine Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing 100083 China. Electronic address: zhangyy@***. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China. Faculty of Engineering and the Environment University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK. Department of Intensive Care Medicine Research VUmc Intensive Care (REVIVE) Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&amp II) Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc De Boelelaan 1117 1081 HV Amsterdam the Netherlands. Plant Science and Natural Products Institute of Biology Leiden Leiden University Sylviusweg 72 2333BE Leiden the Netherlands. Leiden University-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds Institute of Biology Leiden University Sylviusweg 72 2333BE Leiden the Netherlands. Agilent Technologies Hewlett-Packard-Strasse 8 76337 Waldbronn Germany. School of Chemistry a

Our initial studies detected elevated levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid (DHPLA) in urine samples of patients with severe heart disease when compared with healthy subjects. Given the reported anti-inflammatory properties of DHPLA and related dihydroxylated phenolic acids (DPAs), we embarked on an exploratory multi-centre investigation in patients with no urinary tract infections to establish the possible pathophysiological significance and therapeutic implications of these findings. Chinese and Caucasian patients being treated for severe heart disease or those conditions associated with inflammation (WBC ≥ 10 ×10/L or hsCRP ≥ 3.0 mg/L) and/or hypoxia (PaO ≤ 75 mmHg) were enrolled; their urine samples were analyzed by HPLC, HPLC-MS, GC-MS and biotransformation assays. DHPLA was detected in urine samples of patients, but undetectable in healthy volunteers. Dynamic monitoring of inpatients undergoing treatment showed their DHPLA levels declined in proportion to their clinical improvement. In DHPLA-positive patients' fecal samples, Proteus vulgaris and P. mirabilis were more abundant than healthy volunteers. In culture, these gut bacteria were capable of reversible interconversion between DOPA and DHPLA. Furthermore, porcine and rodent organs were able to metabolize DOPA to DHPLA and related phenolic acids. The elevated levels of DHPLA in these patients suggest bioactive DPAs are generated de novo as part of a human's defense mechanism against disease. Because DHPLA isolated from Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae has a multitude of pharmacological activities, these data underpin the scientific basis of this medicinal plant's ethnopharmacological applications as well as highlighting the therapeutic potential of endogenous, natural or synthetic DPAs and their derivatives in humans.

关键词： 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid (DHPLA) Dihydroxylated phenolic acids Human microbiota and mammalian tissues Inflammation and/or hypoxia Isopropyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)- 2-hydroxypropanoate (IDHP)

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