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Temperature dependent electron transport behavior of poly (methyl methacrylate)/silver functionalized reduced graphene oxide films

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1942卷

作者： S. Asha A. Nimrodh Ananth G. Vanitha Kumari G. S. Okram Sujin P. Jose M. A. Jothi Rajan 1Nano-Bio Laboratory PG & Research Department of Physics Arul Anandar College Karumathur Madurai 625 514 TN India 2Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India 4University Grants Commission-Department of Atomic Energy Consortium for Scientific Research Indore Center Indore Madhya Pradesh India 3Department of Computational Physics School of Physics Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625 021 TN India

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silver functionalized reduced graphene oxide film were prepared and were investigated using FTIR and Raman. Electron transport behavior of these samples, at low temperature were studied. The prepared film exhibited a temperature dependent electron transport, at higher temperatures Arrhenius-like temperature dependence of resistance was observed indicating band like electron transport with a small thermal activation energy. At further lower temperatures hopping mechanism of conduction was observed due to the presence of defects. The conduction due to band-like electron transport at higher temperature is attributed to the easier excitation of charge carriers to the conduction band, whereas at lower temperatures conduction occurs through hopping mechanism due to localized states around Fermi level in the presence of defects.

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High lactic acid production from molasses and hydrolysed sugarcane bagasse

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chemical engineering Transactions 2016年 50卷 307-312页

作者： De Oliveira, Regiane Alves Filho, Rubens Maciel Rossell, Carlos Eduardo Vaz Laboratory of Optimization Design and Advanced Process Control School of Chemical Engineering University of Campinas Brazil National Laboratory of Science and Technology of Bioethanol National Center for Research in Energy and Materials Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9788895608419

In this work is presented a process with high lactic acid production as well as high sugar conversion and low by-products formation. The microorganism Lactobacillus plantarum uses preferably 6-carbon sugars. However, the xylose consumption occurs since the hexose concentration is not high. Lb. plantarum was shown to have a capacity for lactic acid production from cellulosic and hemicellulosic hydrolysates without detoxification. The results were similar to that using glucose, which is the source of carbon currently used by the lactic acid industry. Lactic acid is an organic acid with a hydroxyl and an acid functional group. It has an asymmetric carbon and it naturally occurs as two optical isomers, D and L lactic acid. Crystallinity and many other important physical properties such as rate of degradation, melting point and boiling point are controlled by the ratio of enantiomers used. Lactic acid production by fermentation has several advantages when compared to chemical synthesis, such as low temperatures, low energy consumption, better environmental concerns and high purity. Furthermore, by fermentation it is possible to obtain the optically pure lactic acid, while by chemical synthesis only the racemic mixture can be produced. Despite the wide variety of feedstock tested for the lactic acid production most of them have problems with price, seasonality, continuous availability for largescale production, fermentation rate, the amount of contaminants present, yields of lactic acid, formation of byproducts, location of lactic acid production plant due to both availability as logistics of transportation and use of it. Trying to find substrates that overcome some of these barriers, in this work is proposed the use of molasses from sugar industry, pentose and hexose from enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse aiming to produce lactic acid. Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,.

关键词： Lactic acid

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Consistent second-order boundary implementations for convection-diffusion lattice Boltzmann method

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Physical Review E 2018年第2期97卷 023302-023302页

作者： Liangqi Zhang Shiliang Yang Zhong Zeng Jia Wei Chew School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore Department of Engineering Mechanics Colledge of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 People's Republic of China Singapore Membrane Technology Center Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637141 Singapore

In this study, an alternative second-order boundary scheme is proposed under the framework of the convection-diffusion lattice Boltzmann (LB) method for both straight and curved geometries. With the proposed scheme, boundary implementations are developed for the Dirichlet, Neumann and linear Robin conditions in a consistent way. The Chapman-Enskog analysis and the Hermite polynomial expansion technique are first applied to derive the explicit expression for the general distribution function with second-order accuracy. Then, the macroscopic variables involved in the expression for the distribution function is determined by the prescribed macroscopic constraints and the known distribution functions after streaming [see the paragraph after Eq. (29) for the discussions of the “streaming step” in LB method]. After that, the unknown distribution functions are obtained from the derived macroscopic information at the boundary nodes. For straight boundaries, boundary nodes are directly placed at the physical boundary surface, and the present scheme is applied directly. When extending the present scheme to curved geometries, a local curvilinear coordinate system and first-order Taylor expansion are introduced to relate the macroscopic variables at the boundary nodes to the physical constraints at the curved boundary surface. In essence, the unknown distribution functions at the boundary node are derived from the known distribution functions at the same node in accordance with the macroscopic boundary conditions at the surface. Therefore, the advantages of the present boundary implementations are (i) the locality, i.e., no information from neighboring fluid nodes is required; (ii) the consistency, i.e., the physical boundary constraints are directly applied when determining the macroscopic variables at the boundary nodes, thus the three kinds of conditions are realized in a consistent way. It should be noted that the present focus is on two-dimensional cases, and theoretical d

关键词： Lattice-Boltzmann methods

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A novel miniaturized terrestrial microbial fuel cell reveals rapid electrochemical signals

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Energy Procedia 2017年 142卷 1482-1487页

作者： Washington Logroño Abudukeremu Kadier Péter Bakonyi Nándor Nemestóthy Katalin Bélafi-Bakó Magdy Echeverria Celso Recalde Gabor Rakhely Department of Biotechnology University of Szeged Közép fasor 52 H-6726 Szeged 6726 Hungary Centro de Investigación de Energías Alternativas y Ambiente Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo Panamericana Sur Km 1 ½ EC060155 Chimborazo Ecuador Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment National University of Malaysia (UKM) 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia Research Institute on Bioengineering Membrane Technology and Energetics University of Pannonia Egyetem ut 10 8200 Veszprém Hungary Institute of Environmental and Technological Sciences Közép fasor 52 H-6726 Szeged Hungary Institute of Biophysics Biological Research Center Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged Hungary

In this study, a novel miniature terrestrial microbial fuel cells (TMFCs) inoculated with commercial garden soil was developed to generate bioelectricity. The startup and stabilization were evaluated as open circuit voltage (OCV). The effect of an enrichment procedure with 12 mM, 37 mM, and 61 mM Na-acetate under anaerobic conditions was assessed. The initial OCV was 0.55 ± 0.02 V, 0.58 ± 0.01 V and 0.75 ± 0.15 V in the TMFCs inoculated with 12 mM, 37 mM and 61 mM Na-acetate, respectively. The OCV increased in relation with the substrate input. The average OCV during stable operation was as follows: 1.01 ± 0.006 V (12 mM), 1.02 ± 0.005 V (37 mM) and 1.13 ± 0.003 V (61 mM). The time required for peaking the maximum voltage and its stabilization was significantly decreased up to ~2 h. Hence, it is concluded that the OCV output of the miniature TMFCs was comparable or even higher than macroscale reactors and it is optimal for rapid detection of the electrogenic process in soil samples. Furthermore, the reactor design displayed simplicity and the electrode area to reactor volume ratio was enhanced in contrast to macroscale TMFCs.

关键词： Microbial fuel cells soil electrogenic process open circuit voltage bioelectricity

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Physico-chemical characterization and source tracking of black carbon at a suburban site in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 188-194页

作者： Hailin Wang Lei Nie Dan Liu Meiping Gao Minyan Wang Zhengping Hao National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Techniques Research Center Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nan-jing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering China University of Mining & Technology Department of Environmental Nano-materials Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Particles from ambient air and combustion sources including vehicle emission, coal combustion and biomass burning were collected and chemically pretreated with the purpose of obtaining isolated BC（black carbon） samples. TEM（transmission electron microscopy）results indicate that BC from combustion sources shows various patterns, and airborne BC appears spherical and about 50 nm in diameter with a homogeneous surface and turbostratic structure. The BET（Barrett-Emmett-Teller） results suggest that the surface areas of these BC particles fall in the range of 3-23 m2/g, with a total pore volume of 0.03-0.05 cm3/g and a mean pore diameter of 7-53 nm. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms are indicative of the accumulation mode and uniform pore size. O2-TPO（temperature programmed oxidation）profiles suggest that the airborne BC oxidation could be classified as the oxidation of amorphous carbon, which falls in the range of 406-490℃ with peaks at 418, 423 and 475℃,respectively. Generally, the BC characteristics and source analysis suggest that airborne BC most likely comes from diesel vehicle emission at this site.

关键词： Black carbon Characterization Source emission Beijing

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3D Mesostructures: Fabrication and Deformation of 3D Multilayered Kirigami Microstructures (Small 11/2018)

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Small 2018年第11期14卷

作者： Mohammad Humood Yan Shi Mengdi Han Joseph Lefebvre Zheng Yan Matt Pharr Yihui Zhang Yonggang Huang John A. Rogers Andreas A. Polycarpou Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843-3123 USA State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 P. R. China Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology AML Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Fredrick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA Bruker Nano Surfaces Eden Prairie MN 55344 USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri Columbia MI 65211 USA Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemistry Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Computer Science Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA

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HYDROSOL-PLANT: Structured redox reactors for H2 production from solar thermochemical H2O splitting

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期2033卷

作者： Souzana Lorentzou Alexandra Zygogianni Chrysoula Pagkoura George Karagiannakis Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos Jan Peter Saeck Stefan Breuer Matthias Lange Justin Lapp Thomas Fend Martin Roeb Aurelio Jose Gonzalez Alfonso Vidal Delgado Jan Peter Brouwer Robert C. Makkus Spyros J. Kiartzis 1Aerosol & Particle Technology Laboratory Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute Center for Research & Technology Hellas 6th km Charilaou-Thermi rd 57001 Thessaloniki Greece 2Department of Chemical Engineering Aristotle University 54006 Thessaloniki Greece 3Institute of Solar Research DLR Linder Höhe 51147 Köln Germany 4CIEMAT Av. Complutense 40 28040 Madrid Spain 5HYGEAR Westervoortsedijk 73 6827 AV Arnhem The Netherlands 6HELPE-RES 8A Chimarras str. 151 25-Maroussi/Greece

The “holy grail” of solar chemistry and solar engineering, is the technical storage of solar energy into a more easily transformable and transportable form, namely an energy carrier such as H2. The two-step redox-based solar thermochemical H2O splitting cycle is considered to be among the most promising approaches for the production of H2 from entirely renewable sources (solar energy and water). In this redox cycle an active material is initially reduced thermally under inert atmosphere and at the next step it is oxidized from H2O producing H2. The materials that have been in the core of solar chemistry research are metal oxides such as ferrites, cerium oxides, perovskites, etc. The reactor types that are being investigated for the redox thermochemical splitting of H2O are either powder-particle reactors or structured reactors. In the current work Ni-ferrite and Ce-oxide structured into different monolithic bodies (honeycombs, foams) were evaluated w.r.t. their redox activity. Based on this investigation, the most promising structure was further scaled-up for the construction of the full-scale reactors of the HYDROSOL-PLANT solar plant installation.

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Molecular simulation and mathematical modelling of glass transition temperature depression induced by CO2 plasticization in Polysulfone membranes

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2017年第1期226卷

作者： S.S.M. Lock K.K. Lau Irene Lock Sow Mei A.M. Shariff Y.F. Yeong A.M. Bustam Research Center for CO2 Capture Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia Process Department Group Technical Solutions Project Delivery & Technology Division PETRONAS

A sequence of molecular modelling procedure has been proposed to simulate experimentally validated membrane structure characterizing the effect of CO2 plasticization, whereby it can be subsequently employed to elucidate the depression in glass transition temperature (Tg ). Based on the above motivation, unswollen and swollen Polysulfone membrane structures with different CO2 loadings have been constructed, whereby the accuracy has been validated through good compliance with experimentally measured physical properties. It is found that the presence of CO2 constitutes to enhancement in polymeric chain relaxation, which consequently promotes the enlargement of molecular spacing and causes dilation in the membrane matrix. A series of glass transition temperature treatment has been conducted on the verified molecular structure to elucidate the effect of CO2 loadings to the depression in Tg induced by plasticization. Subsequently, a modified Michealis-Menten (M-M) function has been implemented to quantify the effect of CO2 loading attributed to plasticization towards Tg .

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Cover Feature: Phosphorus-Doped MoS2Nanosheets Supported on Carbon Cloths as Efficient Hydrogen-Generation Electrocatalysts (ChemCatChem 7/2018)

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ChemCatChem 2018年第7期10卷 1477-1477页

作者： Luozhen Bian Wei Gao Jiamin Sun Mingming Han Fulin Li Zhaofeng Gao Lei Shu Prof. Ning Han Prof. Zai-xing Yang Prof. Aimin Song Prof. Yongquan Qu Prof. Johnny C. Ho Shenzhen Research Institute Shandong University Shenzhen 518057 P.R. China Center of Nanoelectronics and School of Microelectronics Shandong University Jinan 250100 P.R. China Center for Applied Chemical Research Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P.R. China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China Shenzhen Research Institute City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518057 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China

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Effects of gas conditions on ASH induced agglomeration

Effects of gas conditions on ASH induced agglomeration

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作者： Ma, T. Fan, C.G. Hao, L.F. Li, S.G. Song, W.L. Lin, W.G. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 1 Zhongguancun North Second Street Beijing100190 China Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark

Agglomeration is a serious problem for gasification and combustion of biomass in fluidized bed. Agglomeration characteristics may be affected by gas condition, but the literature is quite vague in this regard. This study focuses on the effects of gasification and combustion condition on agglomeration tendency with two types of biomass ash, including rice straw and wheat straw ash. The agglomerates are analyzed by SEM-EDS for morphology and elemental composition. Defluidization temperature (Td) in those two types of gas conditions is quite different. Tdin gasification condition is much lower than that in combustion condition. Agglomeration in both combustion and gasification conditions are melting-induced, the lower Tdin gasification condition may be caused by the transformation of K2SO4. © 2016 ETA-Florence Renewable Energies.

关键词： Gasification

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