Sulfur-doped graphene (SG) was prepared using an easily controllable electrochemical method, in which graphene oxide (GO) underwent a constant cathodic potential electrolysis in the sulfoureacontaining electrolyte;and...
Sulfur-doped graphene (SG) was prepared using an easily controllable electrochemical method, in which graphene oxide (GO) underwent a constant cathodic potential electrolysis in the sulfoureacontaining electrolyte;and consequently GO was partially electrochemically reduced to reduced GO while sulfur element was doped onto the surface of graphene *** SG was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cydic voltammetry to confirm its successful synthesis.
In this paper the problem of planar curved path following using fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is studied. UAV input constraints and constant wind disturbance are considered. A combined vector field is pro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479917730
In this paper the problem of planar curved path following using fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is studied. UAV input constraints and constant wind disturbance are considered. A combined vector field is proposed by trading off a conservative vector field and a solenoidal vector field. Accordingly a saturated course rate controller is designed, and its stability is discussed through the Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation examples show us the effectiveness of the approach.
Traditional models in predictive microbiology describe microbial dynamics in homogeneous liquid food systems. However, most food systems have a semi-solid structure, in which microbial cells grow locally as colonies. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789077381847
Traditional models in predictive microbiology describe microbial dynamics in homogeneous liquid food systems. However, most food systems have a semi-solid structure, in which microbial cells grow locally as colonies. Due to the high cell density in these colonies, the environment becomes inhomogeneous as a result of nutrient over- consumption and cell product accumulation. Hence, the individual cells exhibit strongly different behavior according to their position in the colony. Consequently, an individual-based modeling approach, considering the cell as the basic modeling unit, is most appropriate to describe colony dynamics in full detail. In this paper, an individual-based model is developed for anaerobic colony behavior of Escherichia coli K-12. From the simulation, characteristic colony dynamics emerge, such as a linear radius increase. These dynamics result from the pH drop and concomitant cellular stress in the colony center due to accumulation of lactic acid.
In this work, consistent lattice Boltzmann (LB) methods for incompressible axisymmetric flows are developed based on two efficient axisymmetric LB models available in the literature. In accord with their respective or...
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In this work, consistent lattice Boltzmann (LB) methods for incompressible axisymmetric flows are developed based on two efficient axisymmetric LB models available in the literature. In accord with their respective original models, the proposed axisymmetric models evolve within the framework of the standard LB method and the source terms contain no gradient calculations. Moreover, the incompressibility conditions are realized with the Hermite expansion, thus the compressibility errors arising in the existing models are expected to be reduced by the proposed incompressible models. In addition, an extra relaxation parameter is added to the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision operator to suppress the effect of the ghost variable and thus the numerical stability of the present models is significantly improved. Theoretical analyses, based on the Chapman-Enskog expansion and the equivalent moment system, are performed to derive the macroscopic equations from the LB models and the resulting truncation terms (i.e., the compressibility errors) are investigated. In addition, numerical validations are carried out based on four well-acknowledged benchmark tests and the accuracy and applicability of the proposed incompressible axisymmetric LB models are verified.
Adsorption properties of layered anionic clay-composites for the removal of anionic dyes from water were studied. The dye adsorption capacities of the composites were higher than the pristine clay. The clay-alginate c...
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Adsorption properties of layered anionic clay-composites for the removal of anionic dyes from water were studied. The dye adsorption capacities of the composites were higher than the pristine clay. The clay-alginate composite with 5.9% alginate showed highest adsorption for both the dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity of the composite was enhanced by 51% for Acid Green 25 and 160% for Acid Green 27, compared to the pristine layered clay sample. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The isotherm data could be explained well using the Freundlich isotherm model. Adsorption kinetics was analyzed using normal first order and Lagergren first order kinetic models.
NIR instruments in combination with multivariate data calibration models are useful tools in process monitoring. The calibration models often need to overcome matrix effects and must be re-calibrated over time to comp...
NIR instruments in combination with multivariate data calibration models are useful tools in process monitoring. The calibration models often need to overcome matrix effects and must be re-calibrated over time to compensate for, e.g., changes in process parameters or raw materials, a task often involving manual expert assistance, which is a bottleneck for more widespread application of the technique. To ease the re-calibration, the BIOPRO consortium launched the “Hands free” project to research and develop automated methods for handling data sets and calibration of partial least squares (PLS) models. The intention was to find methods and algorithms which could be operated either by non-experts or fully automatically. Part of this effort was to develop a graphical user interface (GUI) application in MATLAB to enable rapid dissemination of methods to partners in the consortium and early testing by non-programmers. The resulting application, called Fulgur, can assist in handling near infrared (NIR) instrument calibration datasets, identifying outliers and developing and assessing PLS model performance with standard plots. Plots are focused on performance over time as it is usual to collect NIR data over longer time spans when monitoring industry processes. In this article, we present an overview of the application for end-users and explain the outlier detection and model performance plotting in more depth. Source code for the application together with a more in-depth user guide is available for download from ***. In the next article, we will introduce the source code for potential developers and the principles behind the programming architecture used to develop the application.
The application of appropriate advanced treat- ment process in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become an important issue considering the elimination of emerging contaminants, such as pharma- ce...
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The application of appropriate advanced treat- ment process in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become an important issue considering the elimination of emerging contaminants, such as pharma- ceutical and personal care products (PPCPs). In the present study, the removal of 13 PPCPs belonging to different therapeutic classes by the sequential ultraviolet (UV) and ozonation process in a full-scale WWTP in Beijing was investigated over the course of ten months. Most of the target PPCPs were effectively removed, and the median removal efficiencies of individual PPCPs, ranging from -13% to 89%, were dependent on their reaction rate constants with molecular ozone. Noticeable fluctuation in the removal efficiencies of the same PPCPs was observed in different sampling campaigns. Nevertheless, the sequential UV and ozonation process still made a significant contribution to the total elimination of most PPCPs in the full-scale WWTP, by compensating for the poor or fluctuant removal performance of PPCPs by biologic treatment process.
Ferrites have the ability to exchange oxygen with the environment, depending on the partial pressure of oxygen and have been therefore considered as candidates for RedOx materials in both the chemical Looping Combusti...
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Ferrites have the ability to exchange oxygen with the environment, depending on the partial pressure of oxygen and have been therefore considered as candidates for RedOx materials in both the chemical Looping Combustion and the Thermochemical Water Decomposition processes. In this article the feasibility of MnZn- and NiZn-ferrites as RedOx materials has been evaluated in the above processes. The Oxygen Transfer Capability, the methane decomposition activity as well as the catalytic activity towards H2 production by water splitting have been studied at temperatures 1173-1273 K.
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