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Hydrogels: In Situ Self‐Folding Assembly of a Multi‐Walled Hydrogel Tube for Uniaxial Sustained Molecular Release (Adv. Mater. 39/2013)

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Advanced Materials 2013年第39期25卷

作者： Kwanghyun Baek Jae Hyun Jeong Artem Shkumatov Rashid Bashir Hyunjoon Kong Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Department of Pathobiology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Bioengineering Micro and Nano Technology Lab Institute of Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory Institute of Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA

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Self-Assembly of Multicomponent Structures In and Out of Equilibrium

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Physical Review Letters 2012年第26期109卷 265506-265506页

作者： Stephen Whitelam Rebecca Schulman Lester Hedges Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Computer Science Johns Hopkins University 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA

Theories of phase change and self-assembly often invoke the idea of a “quasiequilibrium,” a regime in which the nonequilibrium association of building blocks results nonetheless in a structure whose properties are determined solely by an underlying free energy landscape. Here we study a prototypical example of multicomponent self-assembly, a one-dimensional fiber grown from red and blue blocks. We find that if the equilibrium structure possesses compositional correlations different from those characteristic of random mixing, then it cannot be generated without error at any finite growth rate: there is no quasiequilibrium regime. However, by exploiting dynamic scaling, structures characteristic of equilibrium at one point in phase space can be generated, without error, arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Our results, supported by mean-field theory in higher dimensions, thus suggest a “nonperturbative” strategy for multicomponent self-assembly in which the target structure is, by design, not the equilibrium one.

关键词： PHASE shift (Nuclear physics) -- Measurement STABLE equilibrium (Physics) MOLECULAR self-assembly RESEARCH NONEQUILIBRIUM thermodynamics MEAN field theory

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Activation of water on the TiO2 (110) surface: The case of Ti adatoms

Activation of water on the TiO2 (110) surface: The case of T...

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作者： Miao, Meng Liu, Yingchun Wang, Qi Wu, Tao Huang, Liping Gubbins, Keith E. Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno Soft Matter Research Center Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 United States Department of Physics North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 United States Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37381 United States

Using first-principles calculations we have studied the reactions of water over Ti adatoms on the (110) surface of rutile TiO2. Our results provide fundamental insights into the microscopic mechanisms that drive this reaction at the atomic level and assess the possibility of using this system to activate the water dissociation reaction. In particular, we show that a single water molecule dissociates exothermically with a small energy barrier of 0.17 eV. After dissociation, both H+ and OH- ions bind strongly to the Ti adatom, which serves as an effective reactive center on the TiO 2 surface. Finally, clustering of Ti adatoms does not improve the redox activity of the system and results in a slightly higher energy barrier for water dissociation. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Three-dimensional hierarchical microbattery electrodes for tunable high energy and power density batteries

Three-dimensional hierarchical microbattery electrodes for t...

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2012 Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Workshop, Hilton Head 2012

作者： Gerasopoulos, K. Pomerantseva, E. Brown, A. Wang, C. Culver, J. McCarthy, M. Ghodssi, R. MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780964002494

We present a novel approach for the fabrication of hierarchical electrodes that integrates bottom-up nanostructure self-assembly and top-down microfabrication processes. The electrodes consist of virus-templated nanostructures self-assembled on three-dimensional micropillars. Active battery material (V2O5) is conformally deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the hierarchical micro/nano network. Electrochemical testing of these electrodes indicates a 3-fold increase in energy density compared to nanostructures alone, while maintaining the high power characteristics. Investigation of capacity scaling for varying active material thickness reveals underlying limitations and highlights the importance of our method in controlling both energy and power density with structural hierarchy. © 2012 TRF.

关键词： Actuators

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Competition between Dukhin's and Rubinstein's electrokinetic modes

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Physical Review E 2012年第4期86卷 046319-046319页

作者： H.-C. Chang E. A. Demekhin V. S. Shelistov Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA Department of Computation Mathematics and Computer Science Kuban State University Krasnodar 350040 Russian Federation Laboratory of Micro- and Nanofluidics Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals Faculty of Physics Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russian Federation

The combined effect of two modes of electroconvection, i.e., (a) the electro-osmotic flow of the second kind induced by a curved membrane surface and (b) electrokinetic instability, is studied numerically. Both physical mechanisms are responsible for electric current enhancement to the surface, and these modes are strongly nonlinearly coupled. For the limiting regimes, their resonant interaction near the threshold of instability with a corresponding resonantly amplified current enhancement is found. For the overlimiting regimes, inside the unstable region, their interaction becomes more complex with negative “sideband” and positive “subharmonic” resonant interactions. Wall corrugation can still be in resonance with the unstable modes. At some wave numbers of corrugation, these two mechanisms compete and electrokinetic instability can even be completely suppressed by the wall corrugation.

关键词： ELECTROKINETICS ELECTRO-osmosis SURFACES (Physics) ELECTRIC currents NONLINEAR systems MATHEMATICAL models

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RNA structure characterization from chemical mapping experiments

RNA structure characterization from chemical mapping experim...

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2011 49th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Allerton 2011

作者： Aviran, Sharon Lucks, Julius B. Pachter, Lior University of California Berkeley CA 94720 United States School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States Depts. of Mathematics Molecular and Cell Biology and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA 94720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781457718168

Despite great interest in solving RNA secondary structures due to their impact on function, it remains an open problem to determine structure from sequence. Among experimental approaches, a promising candidate is the "chemical modification strategy", which involves application of chemicals to RNA that are sensitive to structure and that result in modifications that can be assayed via sequencing technologies. One approach that can reveal paired nucleotides via chemical modification followed by sequencing is SHAPE, and it has been used in conjunction with capillary electrophoresis (SHAPE-CE) and high-throughput sequencing (SHAPE-Seq). The solution of mathematical inverse problems is needed to relate the sequence data to the modified sites, and a number of approaches have been previously suggested for SHAPE-CE, and separately for SHAPE-Seq analysis. Here we introduce a new model for inference of chemical modification experiments, whose formulation results in closed-form maximum likelihood estimates that can be easily applied to data. The model can be specialized to both SHAPE-CE and SHAPE-Seq, and therefore allows for a direct comparison of the two technologies. We then show that the extra information obtained with SHAPE-Seq but not with SHAPE-CE is valuable with respect to ML estimation. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： chemical modification

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Deterministic nano-manipulation and immobilization of single quantum dots

Deterministic nano-manipulation and immobilization of single...

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2011 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium, ISDRS 2011

作者： Ropp, Chad Cummins, Zachary Probst, Roland Nah, Sanghee Qin, Sijia Kumar, Rakesh Ragha-Van, Srinivasa R. Fourkas, John T. Shapiro, Benjamin Waks, Edo University of Maryland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States University of Maryland Fischell Department of Bio-Engineering Institute for Systems Research United States University of Maryland Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry United States University of Maryland Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering United States University of Maryland Institute for Physical Science and Technology United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781457717550

Quantum dots (QDs) are robust single photon emitters with a broad range of application in quantum information processing [1]. There is currently great interest in interacting QDs with nanophotonic structures such as photonic crystals for creating novel quantum devices [2]. For these applications it is essential that the QD with the correct spectral properties be placed in the high field region of the nanophotonic device [3]. A reliable technique for positioning individual QDs with desired properties at the correct location (e.g. a cavity mode) requires the ability to perform particle manipulation. Here we demonstrate a method to manipulate and immobilize preselected single colloidal QDs with nanometer precision by controlling the flow of the surrounding liquid via feedback. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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A new design of bio-hybrid nanoporesfor DNA/RNA detection

A new design of bio-hybrid nanoporesfor DNA/RNA detection

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Sensors - Topical Conference at the 2011 AIChE Annual Meetings

作者： Kwak, Kwang Joo Wen, Xuejin Liao, Wei-Ching Gupta, Cherry Yu, Bo Valincius, Gintaras Vanderah, David J. Lu, Wu Lee, L. James NSF Nanoscale Sci. And Eng. Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Device Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Chemical and BiomolecularEngineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Electrical and ComputerEngineering Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Chemistry and Bioengineering Institute of Biochemistry Mokslininku 12 Vilnius08662 Lithuania RockvilleMD20850 United States Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

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Applications of a general random-walk theory for confined diffusion

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Physical Review E 2011年第1期83卷 011120-011120页

作者： Elisa M. Calvo-Muñoz Myvizhi Esai Selvan Ruichang Xiong Madhusudan Ojha David J. Keffer Donald M. Nicholson Takeshi Egami Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA

A general random walk theory for diffusion in the presence of nanoscale confinement is developed and applied. The random-walk theory contains two parameters describing confinement: a cage size and a cage-to-cage hopping probability. The theory captures the correct nonlinear dependence of the mean square displacement (MSD) on observation time for intermediate times. Because of its simplicity, the theory also requires modest computational requirements and is thus able to simulate systems with very low diffusivities for sufficiently long time to reach the infinite-time-limit regime where the Einstein relation can be used to extract the self-diffusivity. The theory is applied to three practical cases in which the degree of order in confinement varies. The three systems include diffusion of (i) polyatomic molecules in metal organic frameworks, (ii) water in proton exchange membranes, and (iii) liquid and glassy iron. For all three cases, the comparison between theory and the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicates that the theory can describe the observed diffusion behavior with a small fraction of the computational expense. The confined-random-walk theory fit to the MSDs of very short MD simulations is capable of accurately reproducing the MSDs of much longer MD simulations. Furthermore, the values of the parameter for cage size correspond to the physical dimensions of the systems and the cage-to-cage hopping probability corresponds to the activation barrier for diffusion, indicating that the two parameters in the theory are not simply fitted values but correspond to real properties of the physical system.

关键词： DIFFUSION -- Mathematical models SUBSTITUTION reactions MATHEMATICAL models RANDOM walks (Mathematics) MEAN square algorithms MOLECULAR dynamics SIMULATION methods & models

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Direct imprinted gratings on nanoporous gold as effective SERS substrates

Direct imprinted gratings on nanoporous gold as effective SE...

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CLEO: science and Innovations, CLEO_SI 2011

作者： Jiao, Yang Ryckman, Judson D. Liscidini, Marco Sipe, John E. Ciesielski, Peter N. Escobar, Carlos A. Kane Jennings, G. Weiss, Sharon M. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Dipartimento di Fisica A. Volta Università degli Studi di Pavia via Bassi 6 27100 Pavia Italy Department of Physics Institute for Optical Sciences University of Toronto 60 St. George St. Toronto M5S 1A7 ON Canada Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States

We demonstrate large area arrays of patterned nanoporous gold as effective surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) templates by using a direct imprinting process. The resulting substrates exhibit a 107 SERS enhanceme... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529107

关键词： Substrates

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