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Enhancement of Donor–Acceptor Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Power Conversion Efficiencies by Addition of Au Nanoparticles†

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Angewandte Chemie 2011年第24期123卷

作者： Dong Hwan Wang Do Youb Kim Kyeong Woo Choi Jung Hwa Seo Sang Hyuk Im Jong Hyeok Park O Ok Park Alan J. Heeger Center for Polymers and Organic Solids University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 (USA) Fax: (+1) 805‐893‐4755 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (BK 21 Graduate Program) 373‐1 Guseong‐dong Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 305‐701 (Republic of Korea) Fax: (+82) 42‐350‐3910 KRICT‐RPFL Global Research Laboratory Advanced Materials Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon (Republic of Korea) School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440‐746 (Republic of Korea) Fax: (+82) 31‐290‐7272

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Rücktitelbild: Enhancement of Donor–Acceptor Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Power Conversion Efficiencies by Addition of Au Nanoparticles (Angew. Chem. 24/2011)

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Angewandte Chemie 2011年第24期123卷

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Introduction of customized inserts for streamlined assembly and optimization of BioBrick synthetic genetic circuits

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Journal of Biological engineering 2010年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Norville, Julie E. Derda, Ratmir Gupta, Saurabh Drinkwater, Kelly A. Belcher, Angela M. Leschziner, Andres E. Knight Jr, Thomas F. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Biological Engineering Division Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 United States Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 United States Ginkgo BioWorks Boston MA 02210 7 Tide St. Unit 2B United States

Background: BioBrick standard biological parts are designed to make biological systems easier to engineer (e.g. assemble, manipulate, and modify). There are over 5,000 parts available in the Registry of Standard Biological Parts that can be easily assembled into genetic circuits using a standard assembly technique. The standardization of the assembly technique has allowed for wide distribution to a large number of users -- the parts are reusable and interchangeable during the assembly process. The standard assembly process, however, has some limitations. In particular it does not allow for modification of already assembled biological circuits, addition of protein tags to pre-existing BioBrick parts, or addition of non-BioBrick parts to ***: In this paper we describe a simple technique for rapid generation of synthetic biological circuits using introduction of customized inserts. We demonstrate its use in Escherichia coli (E. coli) to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) at pre-calculated relative levels and to add an N-terminal tag to GFP. The technique uses a new BioBrick part (called a BioScaffold) that can be inserted into cloning vectors and excised from them to leave a gap into which other DNA elements can be placed. The removal of the BioScaffold is performed by a Type IIB restriction enzyme (REase) that recognizes the BioScaffold but cuts into the surrounding sequences;therefore, the placement and removal of the BioScaffold allows the creation of seamless connections between arbitrary DNA sequences in cloning vectors. The BioScaffold contains a built-in red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter;successful insertion of the BioScaffold is, thus, accompanied by gain of red fluorescence and its removal is manifested by disappearance of the red ***: The ability to perform targeted modifications of existing BioBrick circuits with BioScaffolds (1) simplifies and speeds up the iterative design-build-test process through direct reus

关键词： Green Fluorescent Protein Amylose Test Circuit Green Fluorescent Protein Reporter Genetic Circuit

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Corrosion resistant zirconia coated carbonyl iron particle-based magnetorheological fluid

Corrosion resistant zirconia coated carbonyl iron particle-b...

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Optical Fabrication and Testing, OFT 2010

作者： Shafrir, Shai N. Romanofsky, Henry J. Skarlinski, Michael Wang, Mimi Miao, Chunlin Salzman, Sivan Chartier, Taylor Mici, Joni Lambropoulos, John C. Shen, Rui Yang, Hong Jacobs, Stephen D. OptiPro Systems 6368 Dean Parkway Ontario NY 14519 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY 240 East River Road Rochester NY 14623 United States Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester NY 240 East River Road Rochester NY 14623 United States Department of Chemical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY 240 East River Road Rochester NY 14623 United States Materials Science Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY 240 East River Road Rochester NY 14623 United States

Zirconia coated carbonyl iron particle-based magnetorheological fluid was developed for magnetorheological finishing. Particles were coated via sol-gel synthesis. Spot polishing tests were performed over 3 weeks with ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528933

关键词： Iron

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Back Cover: Enhancement of Donor–Acceptor Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Power Conversion Efficiencies by Addition of Au Nanoparticles (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 24/2011)

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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2011年第24期50卷

作者： Dong Hwan Wang Do Youb Kim Kyeong Woo Choi Dr. Jung Hwa Seo Dr. Sang Hyuk Im Prof. Jong Hyeok Park Prof. O Ok Park Prof. Alan J. Heeger Center for Polymers and Organic Solids University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 (USA) Fax: (+1) 805-893-4755 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (BK 21 Graduate Program) 373-1 Guseong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea) Fax: (+82) 42-350-3910 KRICT-RPFL Global Research Laboratory Advanced Materials Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon (Republic of Korea) School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 (Republic of Korea) Fax: (+82) 31-290-7272 Jong Hyeok Park School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 (Republic of Korea) Fax: (+82) 31-290-7272 O Ok Park Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (BK 21 Graduate Program) 373-1 Guseong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 (Republic of Korea) Fax: (+82) 42-350-3910 Alan J. Heeger Center for Polymers and Organic Solids University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 (USA) Fax: (+1) 805-893-4755

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Atomic structure of the ag/ge(111)-( √3× √3) surface: from stm observation to theoretical study

Atomic structure of the ag/ge(111)-( √3× √3) surface: fro...

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IEEE International Nanoelectronics Conference (INEC)

作者： L.-W. Chou H. C. Wu Y.-R. Lee J.-C. Jiang C. Su J.-C. Lin Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taiwan Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taiwan

The atomic structure of the Ag/Ge(111)-( ¿3× ¿3)R30° surface is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our STM images have shown a structure which is different from the widely accepted honeycomb-chained-triangle (HCT) model before. The structure is similar to the inequivalent triangle (IET) model found for the Ag/Ge(111)-( ¿3× ¿3)R30° surface. This model proposed two types of silver triangles with different sizes in the unit cell, corresponding to the bright spots and the dark spots in the STM image. A distinguishable hexagonal pattern of the IET structure was well disclosed in the temperature range from 100 K to 473 K in our STM studies for Ag/Ge(111)-( ¿3× ¿3)R30°. Furthermore, the result of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the IET structure is 0.20 eV energetically more stable than the HCT model. Besides, the Ge triangles, which were not disclosed in earlier STM research, are found in this study.

关键词： Density functional theory Tunneling chemical technology materials science and technology Polymers Organic materials Temperature distribution Surface reconstruction Atomic layer deposition chemical engineering

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M -plane (10 1- 0) InN heteroepitaxied on (100) -γ -LiAlO2 substrate: Growth orientation control and characterization of structural and optical anisotropy

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Journal of Applied Physics 2010年第7期107卷

作者： Hsiao, Ching-Lien Chen, Jr-Tai Hsu, Hsu-Cheng Liao, Ying-Chieh Tseng, Po-Han Chen, Yen-Ting Feng, Zhe Chuan Tu, Li-Wei Chou, Mitch M. C. Chen, Li-Chyong Chen, Kuei-Hsien Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan

Heteroepitaxial growth of m -plane (10 1- 0) InN film on (100) -γ -LiAlO2 (LAO) substrate has been realized by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. Surface treatment of LAO substrate plays an important role in controlling the resultant phase and purity of m -plane InN. X-ray diffraction, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, electron back scatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed formation of pure m -plane InN film using substrate preannealed at 800 °C but without any nitridation. In contrast, using substrate with nitridation but otherwise identical pretreatment and growth conditions, c -plane (0001) InN columnar structure was grown, instead of m -plane InN film. Structural anisotropy of the m -plane InN epitaxied on LAO is attributed to the I 1 type base-plane stacking faults according to the modified Williamson-Hall and TEM analyses. A rectangular-to-rectangular atomic stacking sequence and a commensurately lattice-matched condition in epitaxial direction of [1 2- 10] InN [001] LAO with a small misfit strain of ∼0.2% are proposed to realize this heteroepitaxy. Angle-dependent polarized UV-Raman spectra showed that all the InN phonon modes follow Raman selection rule well. Strong polarization anisotropy of photoluminescence (PL) emission located at ∼0.63 eV was observed, as evidenced by a high polarization degree of 87% of the m -plane InN determined by infrared polarized PL spectroscopy. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.

关键词： Aluminum nitride

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Nonspherical laser-induced cavitation bubbles

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Physical Review E 2010年第1期81卷 016308-016308页

作者： Kang Yuan Lim Pedro A. Quinto-Su Evert Klaseboer Boo Cheong Khoo Vasan Venugopalan Claus-Dieter Ohl Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Fusionopolis 1 Fusionopolis Way #16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore 10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore 119260 Singapore Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Laser Microbeam and Medical Program Beckman Laser Institute University of California Irvine California 92697-2575 USA

The generation of arbitrarily shaped nonspherical laser-induced cavitation bubbles is demonstrated with a optical technique. The nonspherical bubbles are formed using laser intensity patterns shaped by a spatial light modulator using linear absorption inside a liquid gap with a thickness of 40 μm. In particular we demonstrate the dynamics of elliptic, toroidal, square, and V-shaped bubbles. The bubble dynamics is recorded with a high-speed camera at framing rates of up to 300 000 frames per second. The observed bubble evolution is compared to predictions from an axisymmetric boundary element simulation which provides good qualitative agreement. Interesting dynamic features that are observed in both the experiment and simulation include the inversion of the major and minor axis for elliptical bubbles, the rotation of the shape for square bubbles, and the formation of a unidirectional jet for V-shaped bubbles. Further we demonstrate that specific bubble shapes can either be formed directly through the intensity distribution of a single laser focus, or indirectly using secondary bubbles that either confine the central bubble or coalesce with the main bubble. The former approach provides the ability to generate in principle any complex bubble geometry.

关键词： High speed cameras

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Liquid-crystal periodic zigzags from geometrical and surface-anchoring-induced confinement: Origin and internal structure from mesoscopic scale to molecular level

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Physical Review E 2010年第4期82卷 041705-041705页

作者： Dong Ki Yoon Jinhwan Yoon Yun Ho Kim M. C. Choi Jehan Kim Osami Sakata Shigeru Kimura Mahn Won Kim Ivan I. Smalyukh Noel A. Clark Moonhor Ree Hee-Tae Jung Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 305-701 Korea Department of Physics and Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309-0390 USA Department of Chemistry Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Molecular Systems Division of Advanced Materials Science Polymer Research Institute and BK School of Molecular Science Pohang University of Science & Technology Pohang 790-784 Korea Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 305-701 Korea SPring-8/JASRI Research & Utilization Division Kouto 1-1-1 Sayo-cho Sayo Hyogo 679-5198 Japan Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 305-701 Korea Material Research Laboratory University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute UniversIty of Colorado at Boulder Coulder CO 30309 USA

We figured out periodic undulations of lamellae “zigzags” in liquid crystals under confinement by glass and patterned silicon hybrid cell, but in the absence of applied fields. The optical and internal structures of zigzags have been investigated from mesoscopic scale to molecular level by convoluting real and reciprocal space probes, such as polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and microbeam x-ray diffraction. The homeotropic anchoring happens at air/liquid crystal, while planar one appears at glass or patterned silicon surfaces. The wetting and displacement of lamellae near the glass surface give rise to tilting and bending in the stacking of lamellae. This can provide a solution for the origin of periodic zigzags: asymmetric strain exerted to lamellae at two-dimensional glass surface and one-dimensional-like pattern. This can give a hint for potential photonic applications such as optical gratings and modulators due to its high periodicity.

关键词： Glass

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Shear alignment and realignment of sphere-forming and cylinder-forming block-copolymer thin films

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Physical Review E 2010年第1期81卷 011503-011503页

作者： Andrew P. Marencic Douglas H. Adamson Paul M. Chaikin Richard A. Register Department of Chemical Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA Department of Physics New York University New York New York 10003 USA Center for Soft Condensed Matter Research New York University New York New York 10003 USA

In common with many other structured fluids, block copolymers can be effectively oriented by shear. This susceptibility to shear alignment has previously been shown to hold even in thin films, containing as few as two layers of spherical microdomains, or even a single layer of cylindrical microdomains. A phenomenological model has been proposed [M. W. Wu, R. A. Register, and P. M. Chaikin, Phys. Rev. E 74, 040801(R) (2006)] to describe the alignment of such block-copolymer films, yielding the microdomain lattice order parameter as a function of shearing temperature, stress, and time. Here we directly test the central idea of that model, that the grains which are most misaligned with the shear direction are selectively destroyed, to reform in a direction more closely aligned with the shear. Films are first shear aligned from a polygrain state into a monodomain orientation and are then subjected to a second shear, at a variable stress (σ) and misorientation angle (δθ) relative to the monodomain director, allowing the effects of σ and δθ to be independently and systematically probed. For both cylinder-forming and sphere-forming block copolymers, these experiments confirm the basic premise of the model, as the stress required for realignment increases monotonically as δθ becomes smaller. For a cylinder-forming block copolymer, we find that the characteristic stress σc required to realign cylinders from one monodomain orientation to another is indistinguishable from that required to generate a monodomain orientation from the polygrain state. By contrast, the hexagonal lattice of spheres requires a value of σc more than 3 times as high for reorientation than for generation of the initial monodomain orientation.

关键词： alignment realignment films

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