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Production and characterization of polymeric nanocomposite foams based on starch and cellulose nanofibers from oil palm mesocarp fiber

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Applied Nanoscience (Switzerland) 2025年第2期15卷 1-11页

作者： Souza, Mariana Costa Gonçalves, Ana Paula Bispo da Silva Oliveira, Emanoel Igor dos Santos, Juscivaldo Passos Lazzari, Lídia Kunz Zattera, Ademir José José, Nadia Mamede Chemical Engineering Graduate Program Polytechnic School Federal University of Bahia Bahia Salvador Brazil Department of Education Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Feira de Santana Bahia Brazil Postgraduate Program in Process Engineering and Technologies University of Caxias Do Sul Rio Grande Do Sul Caxias Do Sul Brazil

The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly materials has promoted studies over the years to explore different polymeric materials that meet requirements such as biodegradability and sustainability. In this context, biopolymer materials based on cellulose nanoparticles and starch from different botanical sources have been investigated, aiming to achieve satisfactory performance. The present study aims to develop and characterize cassava starch foams based on density, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and three-point flexure tests, and to evaluate the effect of cellulose nanofibers obtained from palm mesocarp fibers using the ultrafine friction grinding method after different processing times, characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), microscopy, and chemical composition, as a reinforcing filler. The chemical composition and scanning electron microscopy revealed the effectiveness of the cellulose isolation process, with the analysis of the chemical composition revealing a cellulose content of 55.70% in the fibers after pulping and bleaching, in addition to changes in the visual characteristics of the material after the process aimed at isolating the cellulose. After grinding, XRD showed an increase in crystallinity (76.1% at the maximum grinding time), along with typical microscopy images of cellulose nanofibers. The analysis of the obtained nanocomposites provided insights into the role of these nanostructures in the thermo-expanded starch matrix, indicating that the nanofibers promoted changes such as an increase in mechanical properties and crystallinity, which contributed to improving overall mechanical performance. A 67.48% increase in flexural strength was achieved for the formulation with cellulose nanofibers that underwent 150 min of grinding, without causing major variations in density. © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2025.

关键词： Starch

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Remarkable Effect of Sugar Waste Pyrolysis Oil as a Calcite Collector for Enhanced Phosphate Beneficiation via Reverse Flotation

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ACS Sustainable Chemistry and engineering 2025年第18期13卷 6706-6719页

作者： Oulkhir, Anass Lyamlouli, Karim Elfahmy, Hind Benmansour, Mohammed Rida Tayibi, Saida Elalami, Doha Taarji, Noamane Etahiri, Abderrahmane Benhida, Rachid Chemical and Biochemical Sciences - Green Process Engineering Department Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Ben Guerir43150 Morocco Institute of Chemistry Nice UMR7272 Côte d′Azur University French National Center for Scientific Research Nice06108 France College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Agrobioscience Program Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Benguerir43150 Morocco Department of Process Engineering Mohammadia School of Engineering Mohammed V University Rabat10090 Morocco

This study evaluates the effectiveness of pyrolysis oils, derived from key waste byproducts of the sugar industry, as collectors in the flotation of calcite, using phosphoric acid (PA) as depressant. The chemical structure of pyrolysis oil collectors (POCs) was analyzed using FTIR, GC-MS, and surface tension measurements, revealing a complex mixture of various molecular groups, including hydroxyl, carboxylic, aromatic, and alkane. The collecting effect of POC in calcite flotation was assessed through microflotation using an experimental setup based on Box-Behnken design (BBD). The findings revealed that, with an air flow rate of 0.9 L/min, a specific consumption of 95-99 mg/g, and a pH 6-7, the recovery rate of calcite achieved 88%. To validate the collector’s performances further, bench-scale flotation experiments revealed an enrichment of phosphate ore to 68.74 and 69.44% Bone Phosphate of Lime (BPL). The comprehensive multimodal characterization revealed distinct topographical changes in the calcite surface morphology, observed via AFM. This was followed by characteristic peak shifts in the Raman spectra, indicative of molecular-level interactions. Concurrently, the zeta potential measurements showed significant decreases to −22.32 and −20.95 mV for both POCs, corresponding to a notable enhancement in surface wettability. As a result, carboxylic acids, hydroxyls, and ester molecules were initially found to bind to Ca2+ sites on the lattice layer of the calcite surface, followed by the coadsorption of aromatics and hydrocarbon chains via hydrophobic interactions. © 2025 American chemical Society.

关键词： Sugar industry

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Application of microencapsulated essential oil extracted from Thymus schimperi for its antibacterial and antioxidant activity on minced meat

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Discover Applied Sciences 2025年第5期7卷 1-17页

作者： Asres, Yisgedu Hymete, Ariaya Admassu, Habtamu Ayalew, Amare Department of Chemical Engineering Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Food Engineering Debre Birhan University Debre Birhan Ethiopia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Food Process Engineering Program Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Chemistry Debre Birhan University Debre Birhan Ethiopia

This study investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Thymus schimperi essential oil (EO) microencapsulated using spray-drying (SD) and freeze-drying (FD) methods. The effectiveness of these encapsulated EOs was compared to sodium nitrite and an untreated meat sample, serving as a negative control, over a 15-day refrigerated storage period (4 °C). In vitro antioxidant activity, evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, revealed higher values for SD-encapsulated T. schimperi EO compared to FD-encapsulated EO. DPPH radical scavenging activity for SD-encapsulated EO ranged from 4.6 to 45.15%, while FD-encapsulated EO exhibited activity from 2.73 to 39.81%. ABTS radical scavenging activity for SD-encapsulated EO ranged from 10.45 to 35.12%, and for FD-encapsulated EO from 7.24 to 29.82%. FRAP values were 0.68 mg TE/g for SD-encapsulated EO and 0.73 mg TE/g for FD-encapsulated EO. Antibacterial activity, determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), indicated that SD-encapsulated T. schimperi EO demonstrated greater efficacy against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (MIC: 4 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis (MIC: 8 mg/mL), compared to FD-encapsulated EO (E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium: 8 mg/mL;Staphylococcus aureus: 16 mg/mL;Streptococcus epidermidis: 8 mg/mL). In situ antibacterial activity during refrigerated storage demonstrated the following order of efficacy: sodium nitrite > free T. schimperi EO > SD-encapsulated EO > FD-encapsulated EO > untreated control. These findings suggest that SD-encapsulated T. schimperi EO possesses better antibacterial and antioxidant properties compared to FD-encapsulated EO, indicating its potential as a promising natural preservative for meat products. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Microencapsulation

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Enhanced peroxi-coagulation process for the treatment of anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent (POME)

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Journal of Industrial and engineering Chemistry 2025年

作者： Ismail, Saiyidah Anisah Ang, Wei Lun Mahmoudi, Ebrahim Mohammad, Abdul Wahab Wong, Wai Yin Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program College of Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia

This study investigated the effectiveness of the peroxi-coagulation (PC) process in removing dissolved organic impurities from palm oil mill effluent (POME). Key experimental parameters assessed in this study included wastewater pH, electrolysis duration, and the dosage of H2O2. After a five-hour treatment period, maximum breakdown of organic contaminants and removal of suspended particles were achieved, with around 86 % of soluble COD (SCOD), 91 % of total COD (TCOD), 99 % of true colour, and 84 % of turbidity were removed under optimal operating conditions (pH 3 and external dosing of 31.09 mM H2O2). These outcomes can be attributed to two removal mechanisms: the predominant Fenton oxidation reaction at low pH which promoted effective •OH generation from the dosed H2O2, and the simultaneous coagulation activity by the electrochemically produced Fe(OH)3 coagulant. This PC process was governed by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, which achieved a maximum kinetic rate of 0.5321 min−1 under ideal operating conditions. The estimated energy consumption for POME degradation ranged from 0.461 to 1.874 kWh per kg of COD reduced, indicating low electrical energy intake. These findings demonstrate the potential of the PC process as a pre- or post- treatment step that can enhance the removal of COD and pigmentation in integrated POME treatment systems. © 2025 The Korean Society of Industrial and engineering Chemistry

关键词： Coagulation

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Cigarette butt filter as membrane material with tannic acid and FeCl₃ additives for improve antifouling properties

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

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Case Studies in chemical and Environmental engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Luthfiana, Anisa Mulyati, Sri Arahman, Nasrul Bilad, Muhammad Roil Aulia, Muhammad Prayogie Doctoral Program School of Engineering Science Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Indonesia Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Integrated Technologies Universiti Brunei Darussalam Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei Darussalam Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Kobe University Kobe Japan

Membrane fouling remains a critical challenge in wastewater treatment, particularly in applications involving oil-water emulsions. This study addresses this issue by fabricating antifouling membranes from repurposed cigarette filter waste, modified with tannic acid and FeCl₃ (ferric chloride) coatings. These modifications enhance membrane hydrophilicity, antifouling properties, flux recovery, and selectivity through an environmentally friendly approach. The membranes were prepared using the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method and subsequently coated through vacuum filtration. Key performance metrics included pure water flux, oil emulsion selectivity, and antifouling properties. The antifouling mechanism was attributed to the hydrophilic and protective layers formed by the tannic acid and FeCl₃ modifications, which reduced fouling and improved flux recovery. Characterization revealed that the tannic acid and FeCl₃ modifications created a hydrophilic layer with uniform pore distribution, leading to an oil rejection rate of up to 97 % and an increased flux recovery ratio of 85 %, compared to 65 % in unmodified membranes. The results highlight the potential of waste-derived membranes as a sustainable alternative for industrial wastewater treatment, aligning with the principles of circular economy and green chemistry. Future work should explore long-term stability, surface charge effects, and optimization of additive concentrations to enhance performance and antifouling efficiency further. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Antifouling membrane Cigarette filter waste FeCl3 Oil-water emulsion tannic acid

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Sources of dissolved organic matter in initial rainwater and its photochemical activity

Water Cycle

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Water Cycle 2025年 6卷 428-439页

作者： Yanting Xi Sihan Fan Yixin Liu Danni Cui Zhicheng Liao Ziwei Guo Chaochao Lai Haodong Zhang Zhe Zhang Fengxia Han Huan He Bin Huang Xuejun Pan Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed Kunming 650032 China Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DCEE) University of Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

The dissolved organic matter in initial rainwater (RDOM), including soil-dissolved organic matter (SDOM) and water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) in the atmosphere, can potentially mediate the migration and transformation of contaminants in natural water. However, researches on its sources, characteristics, and impact of environmental factors are limited. This study aims to investigate the main sources of RDOM and its properties influenced by environmental factors (such as light exposure and temperature variation). The results revealed that RDOM was mainly composed of SDOM. Temperature (–5°C, −20°C, temperature alternating, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C) induced the variation of SDOM components, altering its fluorescence characteristics, aromatic components, and hydrophobicity. And high temperature showed a more pronounced effect on SDOM components. However, temperature fluctuations had different impacts on the SDOM-mediated photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA). Among them, only SDOM that had undergone freeze-thaw cycles exhibited a promotive effect on the photodegradation of BPA, with the most significant effect observed at −20°C. Illumination (ultraviolet light (UV) and natural light (NL)) consumed the chromophoric groups of SDOM, disrupted its intricate electron transfer structure, and reduced the production of •OH and Triplet-state dissolved organic matter ( 3 DOM∗). So, illumination, especially UV, significantly weakened its mediating effect on the photodegradation of BPA. Based on these findings above, RDOM through temperature increase and illumination potentially leads to an inhibition of the degradation rate of organic pollutants. Conversely, RDOM may exhibit an enhanced ability following a freeze-thaw process. This study is crucial for elucidating the environmental effects of RDOM.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter Initial rainwater Photochemical activity Photo modification Temperature changes

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Investigation of Microplastics in Raw and processed Water for Unbranded Refilled Drinking Water in Karawang, Indonesia

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Sari, Gina Lova Utami, Marsah Rahmawati Kasasiah, Ahsanal Rohmana, Andini Siti Amethysia, Nur Ridha Cahyaningrum, Putri Sekti Nainggolan, Adinda Melianda Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Study Program of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang H.S Ronggowaluyo Karawang41361 Indonesia Study Program of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Science Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang H.S Ronggowaluyo Karawang41361 Indonesia Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Selangor UKM Bangi 43600 Malaysia

It is undeniable that microplastics are found in many types of water, including drinking water. This study aims to investigate the presence of microplastics in one of the drinking waters widely used by communities in Indonesia, known as unbranded refilled drinking water. The investigation was conducted at eight unbranded refilled drinking water depots in Karawang, West Java. A total of 2.00 L of raw air and processed water samples were taken from each depot, then prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, analyzed using an Olympus BX - 41 microscope with a magnification of ten times, and then counted manually. The results showed that raw and processed water in all unbranded refilled drinking water depots contained microplastics with details of 15.50-42.00 particles/L and 6.50-17.50 particles/L, respectively. The dominant microplastics found were fibers and fragments with sizes of 1.00-3.00 mm and less than 1.00 mm. Furthermore, the dominant color of the microplastics was black, indicating that the polymers of microplastics were polyethylene, polypropylene, or polystyrene. This finding has confirmed that refilled drinking water consumed by the community in Indonesia has potentially become one of the main pathways for the entry and accumulation of microplastics into the human body, posing significant health risks. Based on current research, further research is needed to improve water treatment performance to protect public health. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microplastic

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Methacrylic Acid (MAA)-chemical Grafted Polyethersulfone Nanofiltration Membrane for Forward Osmosis Application

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Macromolecular Symposia 2025年第1期414卷

作者： Ab Aziz, Siti Nudra Shafinie Abu Seman, Mazrul Nizam Tuan Chik, Syed Mohd Saufi Mohammad, Abdul Wahab Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob Gambang Kuantan Pahang Pekan26300 Malaysia Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob Kuantan Gambang Pahang Pekan26300 Malaysia Chemical and Water Desalination Program College of Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates

This study successfully modifies NF2 PES membrane via chemical grafting with methacrylic acid (MAA) at predetermined monomer concentrations, reaction times, and initiator concentrations by means of producing forward osmosis (FO) membrane. The membranes are utilized in the FO system, and performance is discussed in terms of water and solute flux. The surface characteristics of the modified membrane are analyzed in terms of water contact angle, functional groups, and degree of grafting (DG), meanwhile, morphological studies are analyzed via AFM and FESEM characterization. Based on the FO test performance, it can be concluded that increasing monomer concentration results in an increase in the permeate fluxes until a certain value is reached;only then does the permeate flux start to decrease. However, the effect of monomer concentrations is not significant on the permeate flux when shorter reactions are applied. This is probably due to the limitation of reaction time, which only allows certain values at a time for co-polymerization to be completed, hence affecting the permeate flux. Increasing reaction time offers more reactions to occur, leading to more surface grafting activity. However, prolonging the reaction time does not always improve the surface grafting, especially when higher monomer concentration and initiator concentration are involved. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Monomers

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chemical mechanical polishing as an alternative surface treatment technique for corrosion prevention of carbon steel in an acidic medium

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Ahmed, Mohamed Ali Al-Timimi, Buthainah Al-Ali, Maha Abdullah, Ghassan H. Khalaf Atiyaha, Safa Yaseen Ali Aljanabi, Ahmed Mel, Maizirwan Mechanical Engineering Department College of Engineering Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq Chemical Engineering Department University of Technology-Iraq Baghdad Iraq Chemical Engineering and Sustainability Department Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University of Malasiya (IIUM) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Oil and Gas Refining Engineering Department College of Petroleum Process Engineering Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq Petroleum Systems Control Engineering Department College of Petroleum Processes Engineering Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq Modeling and Design Program Atilim University Ankara Turkey

chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been a standard technique in semiconductor manufacturing for achieving smooth surfaces. CMP utilizes a synergistic interplay of chemical and mechanical interactions to achieve the desired removal rates, selectivity, and ultimately planarity with different substrate materials. In this study, the impact of CMP on the surface properties of steel used in the petroleum industry was examined, with a focus on its corrosion behavior posttreatment. Steel samples were subjected to CMP with and without an oxidizer in a silica-based slurry, and their surface characteristics were compared to those of samples polished mechanically. The addition of an oxidizer to the slurry resulted in increased material removal rates and the formation of an oxide layer on the surface;this phenomenon was not observed in CMP without an oxidizer. However, in mechanical polishing, the action of silicon carbide grains on the steel surface led to an increase in the removal rate but caused a decrease in its corrosion resistance. Compared with other treatments, the oxide layer provided a good protective barrier against corrosion and improved the corrosion resistance of the steel substrate. Based on the results from the practical study, an improvement in the corrosion resistance properties was observed due to the chemical reaction of the oxidizer and the mechanical action of the silica nanoparticles;these results showed the importance of chemical mechanical polishing as an alternative method to reduce the corrosion of steel in acidic environments. Additionally, the effect of hydrogen peroxide in a silica slurry with respect to the wettability, surface roughness, and hardness of steel was examined using contact angle measurements, profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness tests. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： chemical mechanical polishing Contact angle Electrochemical corrosion test Hydrogen peroxide oxidizer Immersion test Material removal rate Silica-based slurry Surface roughness

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Bridging the gap in nutrient management: Transitioning from conventional to sustainable slow-release fertilizers in modern agriculture

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Journal of Cleaner Production 2025年 513卷

作者： Said, Nor Sakinah Mohd Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Daud, Nurull Muna Sharuddin, Siti Shilatul Najwa Barakwan, Rizkiy Amaliyah Luthfi, Abdullah Amru Indera Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Jakarta Pusat10340 Indonesia Environmental Engineering Study Program Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Kampus MERR C Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Street Mulyorejo East Java Surabaya60115 Indonesia

The world's continuous demographic expansion has driven a growing demand for a stable food supply, making the agriculture sector a key foundation for sustainable food production. However, the widespread use of conventional fertilizers has resulted in significant environmental and economic drawbacks, including inefficient nutrient delivery and nutrient leaching. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative agricultural solutions. This article reviews the adverse impacts of conventional fertilizer use on ecosystems and discusses the transition to slow-release fertilizers (SRF) as a promising alternative. SRF offers more controlled nutrient release, reducing nutrient loss and improving efficiency compared to traditional fertilizers. The article examines different types of SRF, their mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and their potential to transform modern agriculture by addressing both environmental concerns and crop nutrient management. Key challenges, including high production costs and the use of non-biodegradable coatings, are addressed. This review highlights the potential of bio-based coatings as replacements for non-renewable petroleum-based materials in SRFs, promoting sustainable practices and reducing potential toxicity in agricultural applications. The evolution of SRFs into multifunctional fertilizers is also discussed, emphasizing their expanding roles beyond controlled nutrient release. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Crops

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