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SSRN 2024年

作者： Tsegay, Negasi Admassu, Habtamu Tizazu, Belachew Zegale Gosu, Amsalu Department of chemical Engineering Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Biotechnology and bioprocess center of excellence Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Food process Engineering program Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Bread, a staple food, primarily utilizes wheat as the main ingredient due to its high carbohydrate content, despite being considered nutritionally deficient. To address this limitation, this research explored the use of composite flours in combination with affordable legumes and root tubers. Additionally, composite flours offer economic advantages by reducing wheat imports and promoting local utilization of crops that are underutilized. In the present study, bread wheat flour was substituted with cowpea and yam flours. The raw materials were processed into flour, and the proximate composition, functional properties, and anti-nutritional contents of the individual and blend flours (B1= 85% bread wheat + 5% cowpea + 10% yam, B2= 70% bread wheat + 10% cowpea + 20% yam, and B3= 55% bread wheat + 15% cowpea + 30% yam) were analyzed. The main findings revealed that the incorporation of cowpea and yam flours led to significant increases (p © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Swelling

TiO₂-CuO heterojunction nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry supported on beach sand granules: Optical, morphological and structural characterization

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Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects 2023年 35卷

作者： Solano, Ricardo Maestre, David Mueses, Miguel Herrera, Adriana Engineering Doctorate Program Nanomaterials and Computer-Aided Process Engineering Research Group University of Cartagena Cartagena 130015 Colombia Faculty of Physics Department of Materials Physics Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain School of Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Modeling and Applications of Advanced Oxidation Technologies Research Group Photocatalysis & Solar Photoreactors Engineering University of Cartagena Cartagena 130015 Colombia School of Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Nanomaterials and Computer Aided Process Engineering Research Group University of Cartagena Cartagena 130015 Colombia

This research has studied the optical, morphological/textural and structural properties of pulverized TiO2-CuO heterostructures and their immobilization on chemically purified beach sand granules to evaluate the poten... 详细信息

This research has studied the optical, morphological/textural and structural properties of pulverized TiO₂-CuO heterostructures and their immobilization on chemically purified beach sand granules to evaluate the potential of these materials for wastewater treatment. The preparation of TiO₂-CuO heterojunctions was developed by the ultrasound-assisted wet impregnation method in the presence of PEG-400. For this methodology, the TiO₂ and CuO nanoparticles were first synthesized by green chemistry using Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) leaves aqueous extract and an ultrasound bath. Then, the metal oxide nanoparticles were calcinated and immobilized on etched sand granules via immersion in a coating suspension. All materials were characterized by UV–Vis DRS, photoluminescence (PL), SEM-EDS, HRTEM-SAED, BET area, Raman spectroscopy, XRD and XPS. Optical characterization revealed that the CuO incorporation favors light adsorption in the visible spectrum and reduces the band gap energy from 3.14 to 1.28 eV. Morphological studies showed that the pulverized materials are agglomerated with an affinity for the high porosity regions of the beach sand granules. Also, TiO₂-CuO heterojunctions exhibited a broader size distribution (15.81 ± 7.45 nm) than pure TiO₂ nanoparticles (10.38 ± 1.24 nm). The structural analysis confirmed that the pure TiO₂ and CuO nanoparticles are formed exclusively in the anatase and tenorite phases. At the same time, the heterostructures’ process preparation favors the partial transition from CuO to Cu₂O. Finally, the purified sand support is mainly based on α-Quartz (trigonal);the as-prepared material is a potentially versatile and reusable candidate for pollutant photodegradation under UV or visible light sources. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Green chemistry Inorganic substrate Nanocomposite TiO2-cuO Type-II heterojunction

process intensification approach for design and optimization of biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate

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Biotechnology Reports 2021年 30卷 e00622页

作者： Im-orb, Karittha Arpornwichanop, Amornchai Simasatitkul, Lida Program in Food Process Engineering Faculty of Food - Industry King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand Center of Excellence in Process and Energy Systems Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok 10800 Thailand

Design of the biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using process intensification approach is studied in technical, economic and environmental view points. Firstly, the transport phenomena analysis is performed to select the suitable intensified unit. The reactive distillation is selected and used in esterification – transesterification process and hydrolysis – esterification process. The optimum condition of reactive distillation in esterification – transesterification is achieved when the methanol is fed at the 3rd stage of the 4-stage column and the liquid holdup is maintained at 6 m³. The intensified esterification – transesterification process offers higher biodiesel yield and consumes less energy compared with the intensified hydrolysis – esterification process. The economic analysis shows that the intensified esterification-transesterification process is found to be economically feasible. Finally, environment assessment based on life cycle analysis (LCA) indicates that the environmental impact of both processes are similar. © 2021 The Author(s)

关键词： Biodiesel production Economic analysis and environmental analysis Palm fatty acid distillate process design process intensification

A parallel control strategy abstracted from the baroreceptor reflex

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A parallel control strategy abstracted from the baroreceptor...

American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： M. Pottmann M.A. Henson B.A. Ogunnaike J.S. Schwaber Neural Computation Program Process Modeling and Advanced Control Group E. l. Du Pont de Nemours and Company Inc. Wilmington DE USA Department of Chemical Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

A parallel control strategy is developed for process applications by "reverse engineering" the functions of the baroreceptor reflex, the biological control system system which regulates arterial blood pressure. The parallel control technique is applicable to single-input processes with two types of output measurements: (i) a primary measurement of the controlled output which has unfavorable dynamic responses to input changes; and (ii) a secondary measurement of a different output which has more favorable dynamic characteristics. In order to provide high performance disturbance rejection, the parallel control system uses the primary and secondary outputs in a coordinated fashion. An H/sub 2/-optimal controller is designed and implemented using a parallel control architecture which is derived from a biologically-inspired control structure. The parallel control strategy is shown to provide improved performance and robustness as compared to conventional cascade control.

关键词： Baroreflex Biological control systems Pressure control Control systems Blood pressure Arterial blood pressure Heart rate Pressure measurement chemical processes Central nervous system

Parametric study on direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) performance and fuel crossover

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2018年

作者： Azam, A.M.I.N. Lee, S.H. Masdar, M.S. Zainoodin, A.M. Kamarudin, S.K. Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi Selangor43600 Malaysia Chemical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi Selangor43600 Malaysia Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi Selangor43600 Malaysia

A parametric study was carried out to investigate the effect of fuel concentration (0.5 M–3.0 M), operating temperature (ambient temperature to 85 °C), flow rate of ethanol (0.5–5.0 mL min−1) and air (100–600 mL min−1) on the direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) performance. The operations were conducted in three operational modes, namely, passive, semi passive, and active modes, and power generation were measured. Ethanol crossover was indicated by the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration present at the cathode outlet and measured by using a CO2 analyzer. Results indicated that DEFC performance increased with the increase of ethanol concentration, and ethanol and oxidant flow rate increased with temperature until DEFC reaches the optimum conditions, i.e., concentration and flow rate. Meanwhile, the DEFC performance significantly and proportionally increased with operation temperature and reached values of up to 8.70 mW cm−2 and 85 °C at stable conditions. Furthermore, fuel crossover, that is, ethanol flux, increased in proportion to the ethanol concentration, i.e., 3.71 × 10−4 g m−2 s−1 and 8.79 × 10−4 g m−2 s−1 for 0.5 M and 3.0 M ethanol concentration, respectively. At different modes of operation, the active DEFC system exhibited the highest performance, followed by the semi passive and passive DEFC system. These results indicated that optimizing ethanol, oxidant flow rate and temperature would enhance the mass transport in anodes and cathodes, and hence improve the electrochemical reactions and DEFC performance. © 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Ethanol

Optimization of Eco-Friendly Extraction and Effect of Ph on Betalain Color Properties from Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Undatus) Peels

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Permana, Lasuardi Sriprom, Pongsert Manamoongmongkol, Kanjana Phumjan, Lamphung Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan School of Food Industry King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Program of Food Process Engineering School of Food Industry King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand Study Program of Food Technology Institut Teknologi Sumatera Lampung35365 Indonesia

In this study, betalain was extracted from dragon fruit peels using a safe and environment-friendly aqueous solvent. This study investigated the effects of different pH levels, temperatures, times, and solid-to-liquid ratios on the extraction of betalain from dragon fruit peels using the Box-Behnken design as a response surface methodology. Additionally, the effect of betalain extract at pH 2.0 – pH 7.0 was examined. The results showed that the solid-to-liquid ratio had the most significant impact on betacyanin extraction as major composition of betalain in dragon fruit peels. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be a pH of 3.6, temperature of 30°C, extraction time of 10 min, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15. The expected betacyanin content under these conditions was 72.47 mg/L. A significant change in the CIELAB parameter of the extracted betalain was observed, with marked differences in the L*, a*, and b* values as the pH increased. This color change may be attributed to the degradation of betacyanin to betalamic acid. This study demonstrates the potential of a safe and eco-friendly process for extracting betacyanin from this agricultural waste material. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extraction

Synergistic Effect of Fe Nanoparticles Supported on Nanoporous Carbon for Catalyzing Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg(Bh4)2

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wahab, Md. Abdul Karim, Mohammad Rezaul Al-Mubaddel, Fahad S. Sindan, A. Will, Geoffrey Abdala, Ahmed Nanomaterials Centre Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia Energy and Process Engineering Division School of Mechanical Medical and Process Engineering Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology 2 George Street QLD4001 Australia Chemical Engineering Program Texas A and M University Education City Doha Qatar King Saud University Riyadh11421 Saudi Arabia K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Saud University Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Department King Saud University PO Box 800 Riyadh11421 Saudi Arabia

This study investigates synergistic effects of Fe nanoparticles (FeNPs) supported on mesoporous carbon (MC) for catalyzing hydrogen storage properties of Mg(BH4)2 (MBH). The study compares two methods for dispersing Fe NPs in MC: (i) ultrasonication nanoconfinement (un) and (ii) postnanoconfinement (pn) via stirring. Based on the results, it is found that the ultrasonication nanoconfinement method can effectively disperse the FeNPs with 5 nm in MC support (FeNP-unMC), later which can efficiently confine MBH (FeNP-un-MC@MBH system). The hydrogen (H2) desorption properties of the FeNP-un-MC@MBH system were found to be better than that of postconfinement-mediated FeNP-pn-MC@MBH system. For instance, H2 started to desorb from the FeNP-un-MC@MBH system at only 66°C (Tonset) and reached its peak at ~153°C, compared to 270°C (Tonset) and its peak ~350°C for pure MBH, respectively. The ultrasonication-mediated nanoconfined FeNP-un-MC@MBH system released a total of 7.01 wt% H2 within 90 minutes at 350°C. The study shows that the activation energy (Ea) of FeNP-un-MC@MBH is 19.57 kJ/mol, achieved due to the improved dehydrogenation kinetics of MBH. These improvements are due to the synergistic effects of nano-compartmentalization and highly dispersed Fe NP catalyst sites in the MC support. The research emphasizes the promising application of ultrasonication-mediated nanoconfined Fe NPs in mesoporous carbon which can be used as an effective catalyst for enhancing the hydrogen storage properties of metal-based hydrides (MBH). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen storage

Robust Parameter Estimation in a Model for Glucose Kinetics in Type 1 Diabetes Subjects

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Robust Parameter Estimation in a Model for Glucose Kinetics ...

Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Cesar C. Palerm Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez Wendy C. Bevier Howard Zisser Julio R. Banga Lois Jovanovic Francis J. Doyle Department of Chemical Engineering University of California슠Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA Sansum Diabetes Research Institute Santa Barbara CA USA Process Engineering Group Spanish Council for Scientific Research IIM-CSIC Vigo Spain Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program University of California슠Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA

There is a significant push to develop closed-loop control systems to deliver insulin for type 1 diabetic subjects. As part of this process, mathematical models are required to test and validate the proposed algorithms. There are several published physiology-based models of glucose and insulin dynamics in the literature, however, all of them were derived using data from subjects without diabetes. For this particular study we have selected one of the recently published models, by Hovorka et al., replacing the subcutaneous insulin infusion model with the one described by Wilinska et al., Five subjects with type 1 diabetes underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with a meal challenge and corresponding subcutaneous insulin bolus. The data collected were used to fit the model parameters using global optimization methods. Our results show that the model is capable of describing the observed dynamics for type 1 subjects under the experimental conditions, and as such can be used to simulate subject behavior under the experimental conditions

关键词： Robustness Parameter estimation Sugar Kinetic theory Diabetes Insulin Control systems Mathematical model Testing Clamps

A Leap Forward in chemical process Design: Introducing an Automated Framework for Integrated Ai and Cfd Simulations

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Gbadago, Dela Quarme Go, Sejin Hwang, Sungwon Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of 3D Convergence Center Inha University 22212 Korea Republic of Program in Energy Process Innovation Convergence Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of

Despite the numerous possibilities of integrating AI and CFD simulations for chemical process design, researchers often rely on manual techniques, resulting in suboptimal models and time-consuming processes. To address these challenges, we propose an automated framework that combines high-fidelity AI modeling with hyperparameter optimization, automated CFD simulations using OpenFOAM, and effortless post-processing for data extraction. This framework was tested on a reactor scale-up process involving 51 different configurations for butadiene synthesis, achieving 98.8% accuracy in CFD validation and over 99% accuracy in AI models. The automation pipeline streamlines geometry generation, meshing, simulation, data extraction, and AI-driven optimization, significantly reducing manual effort. Our framework is versatile, customizable for various types of process equipment design, and employs open-source software for ease of adoption and reproducibility. This approach not only enhances accuracy and efficiency but also opens up AI and CFD integration to a broader range of researchers © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Open source software

Use of stripping or rectifying trays for a distributed control strategy in distillation column

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chemical engineering Transactions 2015年 43卷 1099-1104页

作者： Mello, Geysa N. Machado, Ricardo A.F. Marangoni, Cintia University of Joinville Region Process Engineering Master Program Rua Paulo Malschitzki 10 Joinville/ SC89219-710 Brazil Federal University of Santa Catarina Chemical Engineering Department Reitor João David Ferreira Lima Campus Florianópolis/SC88040-900 Brazil Federal University of Santa Catarina Blumenau Campus Rua Pomerode 710 Blumenau/SC89065-300 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9788895608341

In distillation, transient behavior cannot be completely eliminated, even with the application of advanced controllers, because the operation in stages imposes the propagation of corrective action throughout whole unit. In previous studies, a control strategy was proposed that uses a combined action between reboiler and heating tray in stripping section of the column aiming to minimize transient operation in distillation. In this work, using the commercial simulator Aspen HYSYS Dynamics, the application of this control strategy was evaluated and it was compared with one testing a distributed cooling action applied to a tray of the rectifying section. Both strategies were also compared with a conventional dual temperature control system when disturbances in the feed temperature were performed. Results had demonstrated a reduction in transition time in bottom and top temperature control loop when distributed strategy was use, either when heating or cooling actions were taken. Internal variables were analyzed in order to verify alterations in flows. Steady state profiles of temperature and ethanol composition were not modified in relation to that obtained with conventional actions, indicating that the proposed distributed strategy only influences transition time.

关键词： Distillation columns