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A device simulation of the BBT effect in flash memory cells and implications for the development of high-reliability memory cells

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第11期79卷 51-57页

作者： Hayashi, T Fukuda, K Ohno, M Nishi, K Kita, A VLSI R&D Center OKI Electric Industry Company Ltd. Hachioji-shi Japan 193 Graduated from the Science University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1986 and joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in research on the reliability of MOS transistors and silicon oxide films. Since 1994 he has been engaged in the development of flash memory. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1983 and joined Oki Electric in 1985. Since then he has been engaged in research on the semiconductor process and device simulation. In 1990 he participated in joint research at the Technical University of Aachen. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering in 1980 and completed an MS course in 1983. In 1986 he completed the doctoral course at Shizuoka University. He then joined Oki Electric where he has been engaged in research on ULSI processes. He is now a manager responsible for flash memory at the VLSI R&D Center. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1973 and joined Oki Electric. He was engaged in the development of integrated circuit logic simulation technology and bipolar process technology and since 1980 he has been engaged in research on process/device simulation and modeling. Presently he is a senior manager at the VLSI R&D Center. In 1982–1984 he was a Visiting Scholar at MIT. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society and a senior member of IEEE. Graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology Dept. of Chemical Engineering in 1978 and completed the MS program in 1930. In that year he joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in CMOS process design for DRAM and flash memory. He is now a manager at the VLSI R&D Center. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society.

In order to analyze the BBT (band-to-band tunneling) phenomenon in flash memory cells by simulation, a new model is proposed, which improves on the BBT model by introducing the concept of ''average electric field.'' This model agrees well with the measured results in a wide drain N-concentration range. Using this model, the reliability of memory cells is analyzed. It is found that the difference of the amount of BBT generation does not directly affect the endurance characteristics but does affect the disturb characteristics. The same model can be used to analyze problem points of the present cells and to estimate the BBT current of next-generation devices accurately.

关键词： band-to-band tunneling flash memory simulation endurance characteristics

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Phenomenological modeling of polyols, citric acid and bio-oil concurrent production by Yarrowia lipolytica from glycerol

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Cleaner chemical engineering 2023年 5卷

作者： Ana Luiza B.M.A. Campos Felipe V. do Nascimento Argimiro R. Secchi Maria Alice Z. Coelho Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Program EPQB/EQ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro PO Box 68502 ZIP 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Biochemical Processes Technology Department Chemistry Institute Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Biochemical routes have shown to be an interesting alternative for the reuse of glycerol, largely generated as a co-product in biodiesel production reaction. Previous works from the research group have demonstrated that glycerol can be efficiently assimilated by Yarrowia lipolytica to produce erythritol, mannitol, citric acid and bio-oil. To better understand the metabolic pathways involved, this work proposes a mathematical model to describe the observed phenomenon. This is the first computational work to model polyol's production and to address the simultaneous formation of four products by Yarrowia lipolytica . Particle Swarm Optimization and Interior Point Optimization were employed together to find the global optima. The developed model proved to be significantly promising and capable of satisfactorily predict the system's behavior in more than one experimental condition. Not only products’ concurrent formation was accurately described, but also polyols’ modeling was successfully performed, reaching R² values greater than 0.93.

关键词： Yarrowia lipolytica Erythritol Mannitol Biodiesel Particle swarm optimization Interior point optimization

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Comparison of Pretreatment Methods on Vetiver Leaves for Efficient processes of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation by Neurospora sp.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2017年第1期877卷

作者： E Restiawaty A Dewi Study Program of Bioenergy and Chemurgy Engineering Research Group of Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Jln. Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC) Mashudi No. 1 Sumedang West Java 45363 Indonesia Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Centre Institut Teknologi Bandung Jln. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

Lignocellulosic biomass is a potential raw material for bioethanol production. Neurospora sp. can be used to convert lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol because of its ability to perform simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. However, lignin content, degree of polymerization, and crystallinity of cellulose contained in lignocellulosic biomass can inhibit cellulosic-biomass digestion by Neurospora sp, so that a suitable pretreatment method of lignocellulosic biomass is needed. The focus of this research was to investigate the suitable pretreatment method for vetiver leaves (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) used as a raw material producing bioethanol in the process of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by Neurospora sp.. Vetiver plants obtained from Garut are deliberately cultivated to produce essential oils extracted from the roots of this plant. Since the vetiver leaves do not contain oil, some of harvested leaves are usually used for crafts and cattle feed, and the rest are burned. This study intended to look at other potential of vetiver leaves as a source of renewable energy. Pretreatments of the vetiver leaves were conducted using hot water, dilute acid, alkaline & dilute acid, and alkaline peroxide, in which each method was accompanied by thermal treatment. The results showed that the alkaline peroxide treatment is a suitable for vetiver leaves as indicated by the increase of cellulose content up to 65.1%, while the contents of hot water soluble, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash are 8.7%, 18.3%, 6.8%, and 1.1%, respectively. Using this pretreatment method, the vetiver leaves can be converted into bioethanol by SSF process using Neurospora sp. with a concentration of bioethanol of 6.7 g/L operated at room temperature.

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GENETIC-engineering AND ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTION - POTENTIAL AND UNCERTAINTIES

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BIO-TECHNOLOGY 1983年第8期1卷 670-673页

作者： ZABORSKY, OR Oskar R. Zaborsky Ph.D. is a program director in the Division of Chemical and Process Engineering of the National Science Foundation 1800 G Street Washington DC 20550. The views conclusions and recommendations expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the National Science Foundation.REFERENCES Conference on "Genetic Control of Environmental Pollutants" July 31-August 3 1983 University of Washington School of Public Health & Community Medicine and Department of Environmental Health Seattle WA. The proceedings are to be published by Plenum Press.Recent reports covering the handling of hazardous industrial wastes including biological processes are (a) "Management of Hazardous Industrial Wastes: Research and Development Needs" National Research Council National Academy Press Washington D.C. 1983 (b) "Technologies and Management Strategies for Hazardous Waste Control " Congress of the United States Office of Technology Assessment Washington D.C. 1983.An expanded report on the technology market analysis regulatory and legislative factors dealing with biotechnology applications to hazardous wastes has been produced by Dr. Thomas O.Peyton AmTech Consultants Vienna VA for the OTA study.Baross J.A. and Deming J.W.1983. Growth of 'black smoker' bacteria at temperatures of at least 250C. Nature303: 423-426.|Article|ISI|ChemPort|

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Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Equilibrium Rates Comparative Temperature Study Using Palm Kernel Shell Sorbent.

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020年第1期479卷 012024-012024页

作者： Dzulkarnain Mohd Sahri Nabilah Zaini Noor Shawal Nasri Husna Mohd Zain Norhana Mohamed Rashid Anis Shahirah Noor Shawal SHIZEN Conversion and Separation Technology Department of Chemical Process Engineering Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 54100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Sustainable Waste-To-Wealth Program UTM-MPRC Institute for Oil and Gas Resource Sustainability Research Alliance Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia. Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia. Faculty of Business & Management Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia.

Greenhouse effect is the serious environmental issue whereby the gaseous component involved is dangerous. One of the gases that contributed to atmosphere is carbon dioxide (CO₂), in which is more than 80%, followed by methane and nitrous oxide that resulted from human activities, industrial sector and transportation. Activated carbon (AC) is the best adsorption technology due to simple design and ability to capture carbon dioxide efficiently. This paper was aimed to produce activated carbon derived from waste material, to determine adsorption rate at different pressures and temperatures and to relate adsorption kinetics and isotherms equilibrium to describe adsorption processes. Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) was selected as raw material to produce AC. Char was produced via carbonization process at 700 °C ± 20 °C for 2 h with 10 °C/min heating rate under inert gas flow. The sample is then grinded and sieved to 0.65mm to 0.8mm, followed by chemical treatment by using potassium hydroxide with ratio of 1:1 and directly undergoing microwave treatment. Adsorption rate performances were investigated by different temperatures of 25 °C and 10 °C and pressures of 5, 15 and 25 bar. The sample were characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis, surface area analysis, and ultimate analysis. AC-PKS shows the highest surface area. As a result, increase in pressure led to increase in CO₂ adsorption while decrease in temperature in CO₂ adsorption. In conclusion, the findings revealed that the potential of AC-PKS to capture CO₂ in order to enhance environmental sustainability and economically.

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Bandgap in orthorhombic thin lead halide perovskite (CsPbBr3) nanosheets measured from STEM-EELS

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Brescia, Rosaria Toso, Stefano Ramasse, Quentin Manna, Liberato Downing, Clive Calzolari, Arrigo Bertoni, Giovanni Electron Microscopy Facility Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 Genova16163 Italy Nanochemistry Department Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 Genova16163 Italy International Doctoral Program in Science Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Brescia25121 Italy SuperSTEM SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus Keckwick Lane DaresburyWA4 4AD United Kingdom School of Chemical and Process Engineering & School of Physics University of Leeds LeedsLS29JT United Kingdom CRANN and AMBER Research Centers Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland School of Chemistry Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze Via Campi 213/A Modena41125 Italy

Inorganic lead halide perovskites are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications, due to their bandgap tunability, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and narrow emission line widths. In particular, they offer the possibility to vary the bandgap as a function of the halide composition and dimension/shape of the crystals at the nanoscale. Here we present an aberration-corrected scanning transmission microscopy (STEM) study of extended nanosheets of CsPbBr3 directly demonstrating their orthorhombic crystal structure and their lateral termination with Cs-Br planes. The bandgaps from individual nanosheets are measured by monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). We find an increase of the bandgap starting at thicknesses below 10 nm, confirming the less dramatic effect of 1D confinement in nanosheets compared to the 3D confinement observed in quantum dots, as predicted by density functional theory calculations and optical spectroscopy data from ensemble measurements. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanosheets

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Ferrous Ion and Medium Composition Effects on Acidogenic Phase in Biobutanol Production from Molasses

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2017年第1期877卷

作者： E Restiawaty D Grinanda Study Program of Bioenergy and Chemurgy Engineering Research Group of Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Jln. Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC) Mashudi No. 1 Sumedang West Java 45363 Indonesia Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Centre Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 West Java Indonesia.

Clostridium acetobutylicum B530 has ability to convert sugar into biobutanol through two phases, i.e. acidogenic and solventogenic. This fermentation process is often hampered by high raw material cost and low product yield. In order to suppress the production cost, the molasses, a byproduct of sugar cane process production, was used as carbon source in this research. Molasses has nitrogen content in a small amount, thus could be negating the beef extract component, which is expected not to affect the growth of C. acetobutylicum B530 and also can reduce the production cost. In addition, a certain amount of Fe2+ (ferrous ion), a precursor in the formation of the enzyme ferredoxin, was added to the fermentation medium to contribute in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, so that the formation of acidogenic products such as butyric acid and acetic acid is affected. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ferrous ion and the medium composition in acidogenic phase. The addition of 20 ppm FeSO4.7H2O in the fermentation medium without beef extract can increase the concentration of butyric acid by 20% at a temperature of 35°C, while acetic acid concentration decreased by 6%. According to those results, it is expected that the product selectivity of butanol will increase in solventogenic phase. In addition, the removal of beef extract in the fermentation medium does not affect the kinetics of growth of C. acetobutylicum B530.

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From Dissemination to Propagation: A New Paradigm for Education Developers

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Change 2017年第4期49卷 35-42页

作者： Froyd, Jeffrey E. Henderson, Charles Cole, Renée S. Friedrichsen, Debra Khatri, Raina Stanford, Courtney Jeffrey E. Froyd is a Research Professor at Texas A&M University. His research interests include sustained adoption of improvements in learning and teaching systematic reviews in engineering education evaluation of faculty campus climates and assessment of complex learning outcomes. Charles Henderson is a Professor at Western Michigan University with a joint appointment between the Department of Physics and the Mallinson Institute for Science Education. His research focuses on promoting productive changes in higher education at the individual department institution and national levels. Renée S. Cole is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University of Iowa. She teaches introductory and advanced courses in chemistry and runs a research program focused on the design and assessment of instructional materials and teaching strategies and faculty professional development. Debra Friedrichsen founded and operates a small consulting company. She received her Ph.D. from Oregon State University in Chemical Engineering with a dissertation focused on engineering education. Debra also has a MBA a MS and a patent for sensor development. Raina Khatri is a doctoral student in the Mallinson Institute for Science Education at Western Michigan University. Her research focus is understanding how education developers in STEM can promote sustained adoption of their innovations. Courtney Stanford is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Chemistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Her current research focuses on the identification development and assessment of process skills (also known as professional skills) in active learning undergraduate STEM classrooms.

Scholarly studies and national reports document failure of current efforts to achieve broad, sustained adoption of research-based instructional practices, despite compelling bodies of evidence supporting efficacy of many of these practices. The authors of this paper argue that many change agents who are working to promote systemic adoption of these teaching practices use approaches that are characterized by what the authors call the "dissemination paradigm." A dissemination paradigm characterizes patterns of these current, failing efforts. Change agents, working within the dissemination paradigm, try to convince adopters that their innovations can help their students. Efforts within the dissemination paradigm have not led, and are unlikely to lead, to systemic adoption. The authors offer the "propagation paradigm" as an alternative with the potential to produce improved results. Change agents, working within the propagation paradigm, engage with adopters early and often to understand their instructional systems and interactively develop a strong product adaptable to specific contexts.

关键词： Models Change Agents Teaching Methods Information Dissemination Educational Innovation Instructional Systems STEM Education Comparative Analysis

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Corrigendum to ‘Stocks and flows of sand, gravel, and crushed stone in China (1978-2018): Evidence of the peaking and structural transformation of supply and demand’

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Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2022年 182卷

作者： Zijian Ren Meng Jiang Dingjiang Chen Yadong Yu Fei Li Ming Xu Stefan Bringezu Bing Zhu Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Institute for Circular Economy Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim 7495 Norway School of Business East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1041 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 USA Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR) University of Kassel Kassel 34109 Germany Energy Climate and Environment Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Schlossplatz 1 Laxenburg 2361 Austria

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DeePMD-kit v2: A software package for Deep Potential models

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zeng, Jinzhe Zhang, Duo Lu, Denghui Mo, Pinghui Li, Zeyu Chen, Yixiao Rynik, Marián Huang, Li'ang Li, Ziyao Shi, Shaochen Wang, Yingze Ye, Haotian Tuo, Ping Yang, Jiabin Ding, Ye Li, Yifan Tisi, Davide Zeng, Qiyu Bao, Han Xia, Yu Huang, Jiameng Muraoka, Koki Wang, Yibo Chang, Junhan Yuan, Fengbo Bore, Sigbjørn Løland Cai, Chun Lin, Yinnian Wang, Bo Xu, Jiayan Zhu, Jia-Xin Luo, Chenxing Zhang, Yuzhi Goodall, Rhys E.A. Liang, Wenshuo Singh, Anurag Kumar Yao, Sikai Zhang, Jingchao Wentzcovitch, Renata Han, Jiequn Liu, Jie Jia, Weile York, Darrin M. Weinan, E. Car, Roberto Zhang, Linfeng Wang, Han Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ08854 United States AI for Science Institute Beijing100080 China DP Technology Beijing100080 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing100871 China HEDPS CAPT College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University Changsha China Yuanpei College Peking University Beijing100871 China Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States Department of Experimental Physics Comenius University Mlynská Dolina F2 Bratislava842 48 Slovakia Center for Quantum Information Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Center for Data Science Peking University Beijing100871 China ByteDance Research Zhonghang Plaza No. 43 North 3rd Ring West Road Haidian District Beijing China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Baidu Inc. Beijing China Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province School of Life Sciences Westlake University Zhejiang Hangzhou China Westlake AI Therapeutics Lab Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine Zhejiang Hangzhou China Department of Chemistry Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States SISSA Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Trieste34136 Italy Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne1015 Switzerland Department of Physics National University of Defense Technology Hunan Changsha410073 China State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Electronics Engineerin

DeePMD-kit is a powerful open-source software package that facilitates molecular dynamics simulations using machine learning potentials (MLP) known as Deep Potential (DP) models. This package, which was released in 2017, has been widely used in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and material science for studying atomistic systems. The current version of DeePMD-kit offers numerous advanced features such as DeepPot-SE, attention-based and hybrid descriptors, the ability to fit tensile properties, type embedding, model deviation, Deep Potential - Range Correction (DPRc), Deep Potential Long Range (DPLR), GPU support for customized operators, model compression, non-von Neumann molecular dynamics (NVNMD), and improved usability, including documentation, compiled binary packages, graphical user interfaces (GUI), and application programming interfaces (API). This article presents an overview of the current major version of the DeePMD-kit package, highlighting its features and technical details. Additionally, the article benchmarks the accuracy and efficiency of different models and discusses ongoing developments. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

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