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International Journal of Mathematical, engineering and Management Sciences 2025年第4期10卷 797-855页

作者： Goel, Swati Guleria, Kalpna Panda, Surya Narayan Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India

In today's era, the deployment of wearable and implantable devices and sensor nodes is expanding, giving rise to new research directions in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) to address the various challenges such as efficient routing, security, interoperability, power consumption, energy optimization, fault-tolerance, reliable communication, etc. Among all the challenges, routing is one of the most important factors that needs consideration for data transmission. With the use of wearable (on-body) or implanted (in-body) sensors, WBANs are utilized in e-healthcare systems to retrieve physiological parameters from the human body, and systematically route them to a remote server. High network performance and effective communication depend on the routing protocol's design. Consequently, the primary objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive taxonomy of the most advanced routing protocols used in WBANs. This review paper discusses the different WBAN routing protocols from recent years, reported from 2019 to 2024. The different categories related to WBAN routing are addressed while highlighting their objectives, problem specifications, advantages, disadvantages, simulation tools, and performance metrics. These routing protocols are evaluated and compared in terms of performance parameters like energy, congestion control, data priority, scalability, latency, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), node temperature, network lifetime, throughput, security, path loss, etc. Finally, the research gaps are summarized from the reviewed protocols, and future research aspects are discussed. Copyright © Ram Arti Publishers.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning System (f-PPLS) for military focused area classification

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 11221-11247页

作者： Arora, Priya Khullar, Vikas Kansal, Isha Kumar, Rajeev Popli, Renu Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India

Accurate classification of military-focused areas using machine learning techniques is crucial for meeting military criteria. However, preserving high data privacy in aerial image classification poses significant challenges. This paper proposes a Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning System (f-PPLS) for military-focused area classification. The aim of this paper is to provide data privacy preserved aerial image classification technique for identification of military area images using federated learning mechanism. Here, federated learning have been applied to achieve data privacy on Identically distributed (IID) and non-identically distributed (non-IID) military area aerial images. By leveraging federated learning, the system enables collaborative learning across multiple military organizations without sharing raw data, ensuring data privacy and security. The system utilizes local datasets from participating organizations, containing information about areas such as runways, storage tanks, harbors, coasts, buildings, and airplanes. The system achieves a comparable classification accuracy to traditional approaches, as evidenced by numerical results indicating 100% accuracy. Experimental results on real-world military-focused area datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the f-PPLS system, achieving comparable classification accuracy to traditional approaches while preserving data privacy and security. By utilizing collaborative deep learning techniques and ensuring data privacy, the f-PPLS system offers a practical and effective solution for accurate military-focused area classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image classification

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Integrated model for segmentation of glomeruli in kidney images

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Cognitive Robotics 2025年第1期5卷 1-13页

作者： Kaur, Gurjinder Garg, Meenu Gupta, Sheifali Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura India

Kidney diseases, especially those that affect the glomeruli, have become more common worldwide in recent years. Accurate and early detection of glomeruli is critical for accurately diagnosing kidney problems and determining the most effective treatment options. Our study proposed an advanced model, FResMRCNN, an enhanced version of Mask R-CNN, for automatically detecting and segmenting the glomeruli in PAS-stained human kidney images. The model integrates the power of FPN with a ResNet101 backbone, which was selected after assessing seven different backbone architectures. The integration of FPN and ResNet101 into the FResMRCNN model improves glomeruli detection, segmentation accuracy and stability by representing multi-scale features. We trained and tested our model using the HuBMAP Kidney dataset, which contains high-resolution PAS-stained microscopy images. During the study, the effectiveness of our proposed model is examined by generating bounding boxes and predicted masks of glomeruli. The performance of the FResMRCNN model is evaluated using three performance metrics, including the Dice coefficient, Jaccard index, and binary cross-entropy loss, which show promising results in accurately segmenting glomeruli. © 2024

关键词： Medical imaging

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Design and experimental analysis of asymmetric fed key-shaped eight-port flexible frequency diversity MIMO antenna with multi-band applications

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第1期57卷 1-32页

作者： Naik, Sreenivas Upmanyu, Arun Sharma, Manish Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India

In this communication, Key-shaped asymmetric-feedline eight-port MIMO antenna is reported which is designed on thin Rogers substrate for flexible-applications. A Key-type slotted-radiating patch printed on top-surface with slotted half-electrical ground achieves super wideband measured bandwidth of 7.50 GHz to > 80.0 GHz. The additional rectangular-strip attached to the ground which is the added feature generates narrow-band of measured-bandwidth 3.37–3.65 GHz. The single-port antenna is printed with antenna size of 14 × 14 mm2 and the narrow-band is useful for WiMAX wireless communication & n48/n77/n78 Sub-6.0 GHz 5G-bands, while super wideband applications include X-band satellite communication, Ku-band RADAR with millimetre bands integrating ISM 24.0 GHz, UWB- 24.0 GHz, 5G—mm Wave communication (n257, n258, n259, n260, n261, n262, n263). The time-domain response including impulse response and group delay shows very low ringing and vibration of 1.0 ns. The single-port, four-port and eight-port MIMO antenna is studied for bending at 45° with minimal deviation of −10 dB bandwidth. The diversity parameter ECC 2 is well suited for wireless-applications in multiple-bands. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Bandwidth

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The Role of Plasma Nitriding on Pre-Austenitized AISI H13 Tool Steel Performance

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 2025年 1-18页

作者： Kohli, Asaf Hanief Hanief, Mohd Jagota, Vishal National Institute of Technology Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar India Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura India

The austenitized and double-tempered AISI H13 tool steel samples were subjected to glow discharge plasma nitriding to evaluate the mechanical properties and microstructure. Nanohardness, elastic modulus, yield strength, fracture morphology, and phase composition of austenitized and plasma nitriding H13 samples were assessed and compared with only austenitized H13 samples. The nanoindentation, stress–strain analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis tools were utilized. It was found that a thick diffusion layer without the formation of a compound layer having dominant martensite (α′-FeN) as well as γ-Fe is developed at 480⁰C after 6h of the processing cycle. The maximum hardness was obtained at the depth of 25µm, followed by an inverse relation with increasing depth due to the development of higher compressive residual stresses in the diffusion zone. This study enables us to select the best suitable temperature and cycle time required to slow down the formation and propagation of cracks in H13 steel used as aluminum extrusion dies after the plasma nitriding. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.

关键词： Glow discharges

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Verification of news and certificate, and plagiarism detector

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Jain, Pushpak Anand, Dewansh Rajni Behal, Vansh Kapoor, Vipul Sharma, Neha Jindal, Neeru Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Patiala India

Fake news, Fake certification, and Plagiarism are the most common issues arising these days. During this COVID-19 situation, there are a lot of rumors and fake news spreading and some of us are using fake certification to avoid vaccination and plagiarism became the most common topic during online studies. It is found that several apps and websites are present for the detection of false news and plagiarism. However, there is no single website for the detection of fake certificates. Moreover, nothing is made that consists of all these features in one platform. So, this proposed work develops a website for detecting fake news, Fake certificate, and plagiarism detector. The proposed method uses Natural Language Processing techniques for detecting NPC (news, plagiarism, and certificate). The proposed work uses image processing with some Python libraries like OpenCV in all the detections and that makes it quite interesting. For detecting NPC (news, plagiarism, and certificate) the algorithm is built using a k-mean model, logistic regression, and neural network. The proposed work uses the datasets that are trained using the count vectorizer method for the detection and to get its accuracy which will be tested using machine learning algorithms. The proposed method has shown an accuracy rate of 94.28% on Logistics Regression in comparison to existing methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Fake news Machine learning Natural language processing Plagiarism Social media platform

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A comparative study of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Ca3SbCl3 halide perovskite using DFT-GGA and HSE06 functional for photovoltaic applications

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第1期57卷 1-19页

作者： Mishra, Krishna Kumar Sharma, Rajnish Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura Punjab140401 India School of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Himachal Pradesh Solan174103 India

This study presents a detailed analysis of Ca3SbCl3 halide perovskite revealing its potential for photovoltaic applications. We studied structural, electronic, and optical properties of Ca3SbCl3 halide perovskite using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with GGA and HSE06 hybrid functionals. We found that the material exhibits a cubic crystal structure with a lattice constant of 6.00 Å, a density of 2.678 g/cm3. This material belongs to the Pm-3 m (221) space group, indicating a highly symmetric and stable arrangement. Ca3SbCl3 shows a direct band gap of 1.814 eV using GGA, while the HSE06 method indicates 2.67 eV, ideal for photovoltaic and optoelectronics applications. We identified significant absorption peaks at 3.32 eV (1.26 × 105 cm⁻1) and 3.76 eV (2.82 × 105 cm⁻1). We also reported the refractive indices as 2.01 (GGA) and 1.76 (HSE06), which are in excellent agreement with the benchmark values typically ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 for efficient solar cells. Additionally, the study highlights the crucial roles of Ca, Sb, and Cl atoms in the electronic structure, with pronounced charge localization around Ca and Sb atoms. Our study is a testimony that Ca3SbCl3 has a strong light absorption and favourable optical properties, suggesting it as a promising candidate for solar energy harvesting. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Perovskite

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EmotiFusion-7: a multimodal framework for emotion recognition in comics using vision transformers and BERT

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International Journal of Information technology (Singapore) 2025年 1-13页

作者： Sharma, Rishabh Kukreja, Vinay Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India

The proposed study presents an EmotiFusion-7 multimodal framework for emotion recognition using a self-created and compiled comic panel Custom-10K dataset comprised of 10,000 images. The proposed framework includes an attention-based fusion of vision transformers (ViTs) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) for extracting visual features and capturing textual semantics, respectively. Employing a Custom-10K dataset of annotated comic panels along with the fusion mechanism, the proposed work achieved a state-of-the-art performance with an exceptional overall accuracy of 92.3% and an area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) score of 0.96 over seven emotions classes. In addition to this, the proposed study demonstrates superior performance in comparison with existing methods, conducting robustness testing and cross-domain evaluation. The proposed research establishes a new standard for multimodal emotion recognition along with a future scope for broader applications in visual storytelling and document image analysis. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's institute of Computer Applications and Management 2025.

关键词： Bidirectional encoder representations Deep learning Hybrid model Multimodal comic emotion recognition Vision transformer

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Design and Development of Defected Ground Structure Fractal Antenna based on Osgood Curve for C-band Modern Wireless Communications

Advanced Electromagnetics

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Advanced Electromagnetics 2025年第1期14卷 23-29页

作者： Singh, Gurmeet Kumar, Ashish School of Computing Science and Engineering Galgotias University Greater Noida India Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India

Multifunctional behavioral antennas are one of the significant features of the modern wireless communication systems. This is due to the fact that the miniaturized sizes of the devices demand compact and low-profile antennas that cover limited space and provide multi-frequency functionalities over a wide range of the spectrum. In view of these prerequisites, this paper presents the two design approaches utilizing Osgood Curve Fractal structure as the antenna element with different feeding techniques. The proposed antennas resonate at multiple frequencies covering S-and C-band with excellent impedance matching. The designs have been optimized in terms of scaling factor and position of microstrip feed line with peak gain of 4.5 dBi. Design 1 has significant bandwidth for required applications;however, design 2 possesses low bandwidth with small frequency ratio. Both the proposed designs are fabricated, and results are quite promising. The proposed designs can be utilized for various sub-6 GHz 5G automotive applications as it can easily integrated in the various parts of the modern passenger car. © 2025, Advanced Electromagnetics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bandwidth

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Relative Assessment of Traditional and Cloud Enabled Augmented Reality Applications for Chemistry Teaching and Learning Practices

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SN Computer Science 2025年第3期6卷 1-15页

作者： Singh, Swati Kaur, Amanpreet Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India

Augmented interactive technology called augmented reality (AR) allows users to engage with virtual and actual objects simultaneously. More crucially, using their hands instead of a mouse or keyboard to engage with visual representations is possible with AR. AR in Education has great potential since it presents special chances to improve teaching and learning processes. Teachers can employ augmented reality to construct interactive lesson plans, hone their teaching methods, and enhance their instructional strategies. AR can simulate chemistry experiments in a virtual setting as a secure and cost-effective alternative to traditional hands-on studies. AR can provide 3D models, animations, and visualizations that help people grasp and relate to complicated ideas. Students can investigate the arrangement of atoms and comprehend the spatial interactions between various atoms and functional groups by using AR to visualize and modify 3D molecular structures. Students can utilize augmented reality to rotate, zoom in, and interact with digital molecules to grasp molecular geometry and bonding better. Students can see chemical reactions, model reactions, and assess the outcomes. AR applications generally consume more data and memory space since they contain many 2D/3D images, user interface, animations, graphics, etc. Sometimes, it is impossible to execute the AR-based application smoothly on mobile phones or tablets with average and low configurations in terms of memory and GPU. Cloud based services can be leveraged to operate large AR-based apps efficiently. This paper will discuss the deployment of traditional and cloud-based AR-based chemistry teaching and learning applications and compare the performance metrics of both approaches concerning standard parameters. When traditional AR application is compared with cloud-enabled AR application, traditional AR application size is less than cloud enabled AR application, and scanning time of the marker is also slightly more, but

关键词： App deployment Augmented reality Chemistry molecular representations Cloud computing Learning practices Teaching

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