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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bi, Zhangqian Wan, Yao Chu, Zhaoyang Hu, Yufei Zhang, Junyi Zhang, Hongyu Xu, Guandong Jin, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Wuhan China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China School of Computer Science University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia

Pre-training a language model and then fine-tuning it has shown to be an efficient and effective technique for a wide range of code intelligence tasks, such as code generation, code summarization, and vulnerability detection. However, pre-training language models on a large-scale code corpus is computationally expensive. Fortunately, many off-the-shelf Pre-trained Code Models (PCMs), such as CodeBERT, CodeT5, CodeGen, and Code Llama, have been released publicly. These models acquire general code understanding and generation capability during pre-training, which enhances their performance on downstream code intelligence tasks. With an increasing number of these public pre-trained models, selecting the most suitable one to reuse for a specific task is essential. In this paper, we systematically investigate the reusability of PCMs. We first explore three intuitive model selection methods that select by size, training data, or brute-force fine-tuning. Experimental results show that these straightforward techniques either perform poorly or suffer high costs. Motivated by these findings, we explore learning-based model selection strategies that utilize pre-trained models without altering their parameters. Specifically, we train proxy models to gauge the performance of pre-trained models, and measure the distribution deviation between a model's latent features and the task's labels, using their closeness as an indicator of model transferability. We conduct experiments on 100 widely-used open-source PCMs for code intelligence tasks, with sizes ranging from 42.5 million to 3 billion parameters. The results demonstrate that learning-based selection methods reduce selection time to 100 seconds, compared to 2,700 hours with brute-force fine-tuning, with less than 6% performance degradation across related tasks. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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How to Select Pre-Trained Code Models for Reuse? A Learning Perspective

How to Select Pre-Trained Code Models for Reuse? A Learning ...

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IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Zhangqian Bi Yao Wan Zhaoyang Chu Yufei Hu Junyi Zhang Hongyu Zhang Guandong Xu Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Wuhan China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China School of Computer Science University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia

ISBN: (数字)9798331535100

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535117

Pre-training a language model and then fine-tuning it has shown to be an efficient and effective technique for a wide range of code intelligence tasks, such as code generation, code summarization, and vulnerability detection. However, pre-training language models on a large-scale code corpus is compu-tationally expensive. Fortunately, many off-the-shelf Pre-trained Code Models (PCMs), such as CodeBERT, CodeT5, CodeGen, and Code Llama, have been released publicly. These models acquire general code understanding and generation capability during pre-training, which enhances their performance on downstream code intelligence tasks. With an increasing number of these public pre-trained models, selecting the most suitable one to reuse for a specific task is essential. In this paper, we systematically investigate the reusability of PCMs. We first explore three intuitive model selection methods that select by size, training data, or brute-force fine-tuning. Experimental results show that these straightforward techniques either perform poorly or suffer high costs. Motivated by these findings, we explore learning-based model selection strategies that utilize pre-trained models without altering their parameters. Specifically, we train proxy models to gauge the performance of pre-trained models, and measure the distribution deviation between a model's latent features and the task's labels, using their closeness as an indicator of model transferability. We conduct experiments on 100 widely-used open-source PCMs for code intelligence tasks, with sizes ranging from 42.5 million to 3 billion parameters. The results demonstrate that learning-based selection methods reduce selection time to 100 seconds, compared to 2,700 hours with brute-force fine-tuning, with less than 6% performance degradation across related tasks.

关键词： Phase change materials Analytical models Adaptation models Codes Costs Computational modeling Training data Machine learning Software Software development management

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UICopilot: Automating UI Synthesis via Hierarchical Code Generation from Webpage Designs 34

UICopilot: Automating UI Synthesis via Hierarchical Code Gen...

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34th ACM Web Conference, WWW 2025

作者： Gui, Yi Wan, Yao Li, Zhen Zhang, Zhongyi Chen, Dongping Zhang, Hongyu Su, Yi Chen, Bohua Zhou, Xing Jiang, Wenbin Zhang, Xiangliang Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Chongqing University Chongqing China Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan China Rabbitpre AI Shenzhen China University of Notre Dame Notre Dame United States National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712746

Automating the synthesis of User Interfaces (UIs) plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity and accelerating the development lifecycle, reducing both development time and manual effort. Recently, the rapid development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has made it possible to generate front-end Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) code directly from webpage designs. However, real-world webpages encompass not only a diverse array of HTML tags but also complex stylesheets, resulting in significantly lengthy code. The lengthy code poses challenges for the performance and efficiency of MLLMs, especially in capturing the structural information of UI designs. To address these challenges, this paper proposes UICopilot, a novel approach to automating UI synthesis via hierarchical code generation from webpage designs. The core idea of UICopilot is to decompose the generation process into two stages: first, generating the coarse-grained HTML hierarchical structure, followed by the generation of fine-grained code. To validate the effectiveness of UICopilot, we conduct experiments on a real-world dataset, i.e., WebCode2M. Experimental results demonstrate that UICopilot significantly outperforms existing baselines in both automatic evaluation metrics and human evaluations. Specifically, statistical analysis reveals that the majority of human annotators prefer the webpages generated by UICopilot over those produced by GPT-4V. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Code Generation Design to Code UI Automation

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Adaptive disentangled target representation for unsupervised domain adaptation in remote sensing segmentation

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engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2025年 156卷

作者： Lu, Runuo Dong, Shoubin Jia, Jianxin Wang, Xusheng Liu, Kai Chen, Jinsong Guo, Shanxin Zheng, Xiaorou Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Big Data Intelligent Analysis School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Finnish Geospatial Research Institute EspooFI-02150 Finland Center for Geo-Spatial Information Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Ocean Environmental Big Data Analysis and Application Shenzhen518055 China

Due to the significant differences between the source and target domains, semantic segmentation models for remote sensing images trained on the source domain often struggle to generalize effectively to new target domains, leading to performance degradation. Most solutions disentangle features into domain-invariant features shared by both domains and domain-specific features unique to each domain, relying primarily on the domain-invariant features for model construction and inference. However, during this process, critical domain-specific features as essential information are often discarded as noise, leading to a reduction in segmentation accuracy. To address these issues, this study proposes an unsupervised domain adaptation, called ChameleonRS. ChameleonRS separates the domain-invariant features and the domain-specific features by disentanglement learning, and introduces a multi-level feature alignment module to enhance the representation of domain-invariant features. More importantly, it aligns predictions based on domain-invariant features with those based on fused invariant and specific features using contrastive learning, effectively capturing target-specific features. This study explores two cross-domain semantic segmentation tasks: (I) Geographic location variation. (II) Geographic location and imaging mode variation. Results show that under setting (I), ChameleonRS outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 4.79% in Intersection over Union (IoU) and 6.51% in the F1 score. Under setting (II), it achieves improvements of 4.46% and 4.82% in IoU and F1 score. Results demonstrate the superiority and adaptability of ChameleonRS under varying geographical and imaging conditions, effectively mitigating the generalization issues caused by distribution differences, and thereby promoting the development and application of remote sensing technologies in practical scenarios. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Extreme flood significantly altered urban ground deformation patterns: multi-source remote sensing evidence from the 2020 chongqing flood

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Hydrological Sciences Journal 2025年

作者： Dong, Xu Kou, Pinglang Yuan, Zhengwu Tao, Yuxiang Yu, Haoran Liang, Wenli Chen, Ruikun Avtar, Ram Alonso-Rodriguez, Andrés Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Spatial Big Data Intelligent Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing China Key Laboratory of Tourism Multisource Data Perception and Decision Ministry of Culture and Tourism (TMDPD MCT) Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing China Chongqing Key Laboratory of GIS Application School of Geography and Tourism Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Faculty of Engineering Universidad la Gran Colombia Bogotá Colombia

Rapid urbanization and extreme weather events exert significant pressure on urban geological environments, yet the impact of extreme floods on ground deformation, particularly the interplay between underground engineering, building density, and surface response, remains unclear. Using Enhanced Small Baseline Subset (E-SBAS) InSAR technology and machine learning methods, this study analysed the impact of the 2020 chongqing flood on ground deformation patterns. Results shifted from uniform subsidence (−5.19 ± 8.66 mm/year) pre-flood to significant spatial differentiation (−0.16 ± 125.46 mm/year) post-flood. Areas within 250 m of subway lines shifted from subsidence (−25 to −5 mm/year) to uplift (0 to 15 mm/year), with high-risk zones (35%) exceeding the study area’s average (15%). Machine learning revealed land cover type (18.25%) and subway proximity (14.45%) to be key factors affecting flood susceptibility. These findings emphasize the importance of coordinated surface and underground development in urban disaster prevention. © 2025 IAHS.

关键词： enhanced SBAS-Insar extreme hydrological events ground deformation monitoring machine learning algorithms underground space development

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Robust Network Optimization by Deep Generative Models and Stochastic Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Zhang, Shutao Xue, Ye Tang, Zhiwei Wang, Hao Shen, Chao Shi, Qingjiang Chang, Tsung-Hui The Chinese University of Hon g Kong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen China The Chinese University of Hon g Kong School of Data Science Shenzhen China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen International Center for Industrial and Applied Mathematics China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Intelligent Industrial Digital Twin and Optimization Shenzhen518172 China Tongji University School of Software Engineering Shanghai China

Wireless network optimization is essential for improving the network performance in mobile communications. However, due to the stochastic nature of wireless networks, existing schemes based on analytical models and deterministic optimization are less reliable. To this end, we design a framework for robust network optimization based on deep generative models and stochastic optimization. Inspired by the powerful diffusion process, we propose a deep generative simulator to capture the statistical distribution of the network performance. By sampling from the deep generative simulator, we can alleviate the inherent uncertainty related to the network performance and devise an innovative expectation-quantile-based stochastic objective function. The inner expectation is designed for the temporal statistics, while the outer quantile is developed for the spatial statistics. This designated two-tier objective function is capable of mitigating temporal fluctuations and ensuring satisfactory network performance across most geographical grids, thereby achieving robustness. To solve this stochastic optimization problem, a smooth zeroth-order approach is introduced by taking advantage of the unique structure of quantile functions. Through theoretical performance analysis and simulation experiments with real-world datasets, we demonstrate the superiority of our approach over other baseline schemes, highlighting its practical utility in robust network optimization. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Generative diffusion model quantile function robust approach wireless network optimization

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WebCode2M: A Real-World dataset for Code Generation from Webpage Designs 34

WebCode2M: A Real-World Dataset for Code Generation from Web...

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34th ACM Web Conference, WWW 2025

作者： Gui, Yi Li, Zhen Wan, Yao Shi, Yemin Zhang, Hongyu Su, Yi Chen, Bohua Chen, Dongping Wu, Siyuan Zhou, Xing Jiang, Wenbin Jin, Hai Zhang, Xiangliang Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Peking University Beijing China Chongqing University Chongqing China Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan China Rabbitpre AI Shenzhen China University of Notre Dame Notre Dame United States National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712746

Automatically generating webpage code from webpage designs can significantly reduce the workload of front-end developers, and recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising potential in this area. However, our investigation reveals that most existing MLLMs are constrained by the absence of high-quality, large-scale, real-world datasets, resulting in inadequate performance in automated webpage code generation. To fill this gap, this paper introduces WebCode2M, a new dataset comprising 2.56 million instances, each containing a design image along with the corresponding webpage code and layout details. Sourced from real-world web resources, WebCode2M offers a rich and valuable dataset for webpage code generation across a variety of applications. The dataset quality is ensured by a scoring model that filters out instances with aesthetic deficiencies or other incomplete elements. To validate the effectiveness of WebCode2M, we introduce a baseline model based on the Vision Transformer (ViT), named WebCoder, and establish a benchmark for fair comparison. Additionally, we introduce a new metric, TreeBLEU, to measure the structural hierarchy recall. The benchmarking results demonstrate that our dataset significantly improves the ability of MLLMs to generate code from webpage designs, confirming its effectiveness and usability for future applications in front-end design tools. Finally, we highlight several practical challenges introduced by our dataset, calling for further research. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Code Generation dataset Design to Code UI Automation

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research and Application of Automatic Monitoring System for Surface Deformation of Hydraulic engineering

Research and Application of Automatic Monitoring System for ...

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Sensors and Information technology (ICSI), International Conference on

作者： Bo Shi Yonghua Li Qingsong Ai Changjiang Spatial Information Technology Engineering Co. Ltd Wuhan Hubei China Hubei Water Conservancy Information Perception and Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center Wuhan Hubei China National Dam Safety Engineering Technology Research Center Wuhan Hubei China Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co. Ltd Wuhan Hubei China

ISBN: (数字)9798331542887

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542894

Surface deformation monitoring of Hydraulic engineering is an important monitoring item in dam safety monitoring, and it is also an important technical method to ensure the safe operation of dams. With the development of communication and information technology, the application of automatic systems in surface deformation monitoring of Hydraulic engineering is becoming more and more extensive. This paper expounds the construction content and technical methods of the Hydraulic engineering surface deformation automation system, introduces the functions and connections of each subsystem, and puts forward a method for testing the stability of stations in the automatic monitoring system for surface deformation of hydropower projects, which has reference significance for the automation construction of similar monitoring projects.

关键词： Global navigation satellite system Automation Deformation Dams Hydraulic systems Water conservation Stability analysis Safety Monitoring Robots

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Visual Servoing under Limited Field of View (FOV) for Lumbar Vertebrae Positioning

Visual Servoing under Limited Field of View (FOV) for Lumbar...

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IEEE Information technology and Mechatronics engineering Conference (ITOEC)

作者： Peng Xiao Chi Xiong Yu Wang Lingming Kong Bin Cai Zhiyong Sun Le Zou Xiaofeng Wang Bo Song School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Hefei University Hefei China Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Intelligent Machines HFIPS Hefei China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Chimed Intelligent Machinery Co. Ltd Hefei China Intelligent Manufacturing Multimodal Data Fusion Engineering Research Center China

ISBN: (数字)9798331529482

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529499

X-ray machines are vital in medical imaging for viewing internal body structures. However, in lumbar vertebrae surgery, the X-ray machine has to move and position frequently and manually, which risks infection, misalignment, and overexposure to radiation. There’s a need for mobile X-ray machines with autonomous recognition and positioning. Although visual servoing suitable for X-ray positioning naturally, it still experiencing challenges like limited Field-of-View (FOV) and the structural similarity among vertebrae. In this paper, a Bayesian Estimation based approach is developed to improve the detection accuracy in case of vertebrae positions outside the FOV. Furthermore, a visual servoing method is proposed for X-ray positioning, considering their mechanical structure and imaging characteristics. The experiment results indicates that the proposed approach improves lumbar vertebrae detection accuracy significantly. This approach facilitates precise positioning in X-ray imaging and enhances the safety and effectiveness of lumbar vertebrae surgery.

关键词： Accuracy Mechatronics Surgery Estimation Visual servoing Safety Bayes methods Information technology X-ray imaging Biomedical imaging

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Reliable Indoor Localization in Multi-Building Environments: Leveraging Environment-Invariant and Position-Related Features

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Long, Wenhan Wen, Xinlong Liu, Hao Li, Mengyao Li, Songquan Wu, Yonghui Chen, Fuxiang Liu, Lu Zhu, Rongbo Huazhong Agricultural University College of Informatics Wuhan430070 China Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Agriculture Wuhan430070 China Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data Wuhan430070 China University of Leicester School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Leicester United Kingdom University of Exeter Department of Computer Science Exeter United Kingdom

Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)-based indoor localization offers a cost-effective solution for autonomous mobile robot navigation in 3D indoor environments, including cross-floor and multi-building structures. However, localization accuracy is fundamentally constrained by the low sampling density and unstable measurement of RSSI data. So far, existing methods neglect cross-environment RSSI coherence (e.g., repeated signal patterns in geometrically similar areas), resulting in unreliable fingerprint databases. What’s more, most approaches fail to model the spatial hierarchy of buildings, floors, and coordinates, which leads to lower accuracy in indoor positioning model predictions. To address these issues, we propose EP-3DLoc, a novel 3D indoor localization framework that combines an Environment-Invariant feature-based data Completion (EIC) method with a Position-Related feature-based Localization (PRL) method. The EIC enhances data quality by filling in sparse RSSI data using environment-invariant features, which are recurring RSSI patterns found in similar environmental structures. The PRL module combines multi-scale RSSI signal processing (raw data and image-like data) with a multi-task network that analyzes location relationships, enhancing localization accuracy in 3D environments. Experimental results on public datasets (TUT2018, UTSIndoorLoc, and UJIIndoorLoc) have demonstrated that EP-3DLoc achieves state-of-the-art performance on indoor localization in multi-building environments. Further testing on the self-constructed dataset HZAUIndoorLoc have revealed that EP-3DLoc not only outperforms existing methods in localization accuracy but also maintains low energy consumption and strong resistance to interference. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Floors

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