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Efficient sampling-based lock contention profiling for Java 17

Efficient sampling-based lock contention profiling for Java

引用

8th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, ICPE 2017

作者： Schörgenhumer, Andreas Hofer, Peter Gnedt, David Mössenböck, Hanspeter Christian Doppler Laboratory on Monitoring and Evolution of Very-Large-Scale Software Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Institute for System Software Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450344043

Concurrent code commonly uses locks. Choosing between simpler but less scalable and more sophisticated but error-prone locking mechanisms is difficult during development. Therefore, lock contention analysis at run-time is crucial to aid such decisions. We present a novel sampling-based approach for collecting detailed information on lock contention in Java applications by using the Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface (JVMTI) and bytecode instrumentation. We support both intrinsic locks as well as *** locks. Moreover, we can determine not only where contention occurs but also where it is caused. With a mean run-time overhead of about 5%, we consider our approach suitable for use in production environments. © 2017 ACM.

关键词： Locks (fasteners)

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Efficient dynamic analysis of the synchronization performance of Java applications 13

Efficient dynamic analysis of the synchronization performanc...

引用

13th International Workshop on Dynamic Analysis, WODA 2015

作者： Hofer, Peter Gnedt, David Mössenböck, Hanspeter Christian Doppler Laboratory on Monitoring and Evolution of Very-Large-Scale Software Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Institute for System Software Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450339094

Concurrent programming has become a necessity in order to benefit from recent advances in processor design. However, implementing correct and scalable synchronization in concurrent code remains a challenge. Dynamic analysis of synchronization behavior is vital to determine where more sophisticated but error-prone synchronization pays off. We examine common approaches that developers use to identify and analyze concurrency bottlenecks in Java applications. We then describe key aspects of our ongoing research on a novel approach to Java synchronization analysis. Our approach provides developers with exhaustive information on the synchronization behavior of their application, but incurs such low overhead that it is feasible to use it for monitoring production systems. Unlike other methods, our approach can precisely show where optimizations have the largest impact. © 2015 ACM.

关键词： Synchronization

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Lightweight java profiling with partial safepoints and incremental stack tracing 15

Lightweight java profiling with partial safepoints and incre...

引用

6th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, ICPE 2015

作者： Hofer, Peter Gnedt, David Mössenböck, Hanspeter Christian Doppler Laboratory on Monitoring Evolution of Very-Large-Scale Software Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Institute for System Software Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450332484

Sampling profilers are popular because of their low and adjustable overhead and because they do not distort the profile by modifying the application code. A typical sampling pro-filer periodically suspends the application threads, walks their stacks, and merges the resulting stack traces into a calling context tree. Java virtual machines offer a convenient interface to accomplish this, but rely on safepoints, a synchronization mechanism that requires all threads to park in a safe location. However, a profiler is primarily interested in the running threads, and waiting for all threads to reach a safe location significantly increases the overhead. In most cases, taking a complete stack trace is also unnecessary because many stack frames remain unchanged between samples. We present three techniques that reduce the overhead of sampling Java applications. Partial safepoints require only a certain number of threads to enter a safepoint and can be used to sample only the running threads. With self-sampling, we parallelize taking stack traces by having each thread take its own stack trace. Finally, incremental stack tracing constructs stack traces lazily and examines each stack frame only once instead of walking the entire stack for each sample. Our techniques require no support from the operating system or hardware. With our implementation in the popular HotSpot virtual machine, we show that we can significantly reduce the overhead of sampling without affecting the accuracy of the profiles. Copyright © 2015 ACM.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Sampling-based steal time accounting under hardware virtualization 15

Sampling-based steal time accounting under hardware virtuali...

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6th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, ICPE 2015

作者： Hofer, Peter Hörschläger, Florian Mössenböck, Hanspeter Christian Doppler Laboratory on Monitoring Evolution of Very-Large-Scale Software Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Institute for System Software Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450332484

Virtualization enables the eficient sharing of hardware re- sources among multiple virtual machines (VMs). Because the physical resources are limited, the scheduler must often sus- pend one VM to allow some other VM to run. The operating system in a VM is typically unaware of the suspension and accounts periods of suspension as CPU time to the executing application thread. This misrepresentation of resource usage makes it dificult to tell whether a performance problem is caused by an actual bottleneck in the application or by the virtualization infrastructure. We present a novel approach to compute to what degree the threads of an application in a virtual machine are affected by suspension. Our approach does not require any modifications to the operating system or to the virtualization software. It periodically samples the system-wide amount of \steal time" that is reported by the virtualization infrastructure, and divides it among the monitored threads according to their CPU usage. With a prototype implementation, we demonstrate that our approach accounts accurate amounts of steal time to application threads, that it can be used to compute the true resource usage of an application, and that it incurs only negligible performance overhead. Copyright © 2015 ACM.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Fast Java profiling with scheduling-aware stack fragment sampling and asynchronous analysis 14

Fast Java profiling with scheduling-aware stack fragment sam...

引用

PPPJ '14: Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Principles and Practices of Programming on the Java platform: Virtual machines, Languages, and Tools

作者： Hofer, Peter Mössenböck, Hanspeter Christian Doppler Laboratory on Monitoring and Evolution of Very-Large-Scale Software Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Institute for System Software Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450330640

Sampling is a popular approach to profiling because it typically has only a small impact on performance and does not modify the profiled application. Common sampling profilers collect data about an application by pausing the application threads, walking the stacks to create stack traces, and then adding the traces to their profile. Waiting threads are often sampled as well, even when they have not been active since their last sample. Sampling profilers for Java commonly rely on safepoints, which are locations in the Java code where a thread can pause to be sampled. However, restricting profiling to these locations affects the accuracy of the profile, and the safepoint mechanism itself imposes significant pause times on the application. We present stack fragment sampling, a new approach for Java applications that minimizes pause times and eliminates redundant samples altogether. It interrupts an application thread only to copy a fragment of its stack to a buffer and then immediately resumes its execution. Retrieving and decoding the stack fragments happens asynchronously and can run on a separate core or on another processor. Our approach integrates with the operating system to only take samples of threads while they are running in order to avoid redundant samples. We demonstrate that our approach has a very small impact on performance even at high sampling rates. Furthermore, we validate our approach by comparing our profiles to those from a profiler using safepoints as well as to a VM-internal profiler that does not use safepoints. The results show that the profiles agree. Copyright © 2014 ACM.

关键词： Java programming language

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Efficient and accurate stack trace sampling in the Java hotspot virtual machine (Work in Progress Paper) 14

Efficient and accurate stack trace sampling in the Java hots...

引用

5th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, ICPE 2014

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327336

Sampling is a popular approach to collecting data for profiling and monitoring, because it has a small impact on performance and does not modify the observed application. When sampling stack traces, they can be merged into a calling context tree that shows where the application spends its time and where performance problems lie. However, Java VM implementations usually rely on safepoints for sampling stack traces. Safepoints can cause inaccuracies and have a considerable performance impact. We present a new approach that does not use safepoints, but instead relies on the operating system to take snapshots of the stack at arbitrary points. These snapshots are then asynchronously decoded to call traces, which are merged into a calling context tree. We show that we are able to decode over 90% of the snapshots, and that our approach has very small impact on performance even at high sampling rates. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Decoding

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VM-level memory monitoring for resolving performance problems

VM-level memory monitoring for resolving performance problem...

引用

4th Annual ACM International Conference on systems, Programming, Languages, and Applications: software for Humanity, SPLASH 2013

作者： Lengauer, Philipp Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring and Evolution of Very-Large-Scale Software Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450319959

Memory anomalies, such as memory leaks, floating garbage, and excessive garbage collection pauses, impact application performance considerably. Sadly, these anomalies often remain inexplicable as detecting and locating them is a tedious task for which only little automated tool support exists. We propose to design a Java virtual machine extension that exposes parts of its internal memory state and allows memory monitoring tools to access this state at runtime. Furthermore our goal is to automate the tuning of the Java virtual machine to counteract memory anomalies. Together with domain experts from our industrial partner, Compuware Austria, we plan to validate our approach on real-world applications. Copyright © 2013 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. (ACM).

关键词： Virtual machine

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Evolving systems of systems: Industrial challenges and research perspectives

Evolving systems of systems: Industrial challenges and resea...

引用

1st ACM SIGSOFT/SIGPLAN International Workshop on software Engineering for systems-of-systems, SESoS 2013

作者： Vierhauser, Michael Rabiser, Rick Grünbacher, Paul Danner, christian Wallner, Stefan Christian Doppler Lab on Monitoring and Evolution of Very-Large-Scale Software Systems Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Turmstraße 44 4031 Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320481

An increasing number of software systems today are systems of systems (SoS) comprising decentralized and heterogeneous sys-tems with operational and managerial independence. The evolu-tion of SoS is the rule and not the exception in practice due to frequently changing requirements, technologies, and markets. However, providing adequate support for the evolution of SoS is rather challenging as their behavior often emerges at runtime and is difficult to predict. Hence, SoS must be monitored during simu-lation and operation to ensure compliance with its requirements. In this position paper, we present challenges for SoS evolution from the domain of industrial automation. We discuss existing approaches supporting SoS evolution and derive research issues. We outline requirements for SoS evolution support and present key capabilities of a flexible monitoring and evolution infrastruc-ture. We conclude with a discussion of research perspectives.

关键词： System of systems

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