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Fluctuating surface currents: An algorithm for efficient prediction of Casimir interactions among arbitrary materials in arbitrary geometries

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Physical Review A 2013年第2期88卷 022514-022514页

作者： M. T. Homer Reid Jacob White Steven G. Johnson Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

This paper presents a method for the efficient numerical computation of Casimir interactions between objects of arbitrary geometries, composed of materials with arbitrary frequency-dependent electrical properties. Our method formulates the Casimir effect as an interaction between effective electric and magnetic current distributions on the surfaces of material bodies and obtains Casimir energies, forces, and torques from the spectral properties of a matrix that quantifies the interactions of these surface currents. The method can be formulated and understood in two distinct ways: (1) as a consequence of the familiar stress-tensor approach to Casimir physics, or, alternatively, (2) as a particular case of the path-integral approach to Casimir physics, and we present both formulations in full detail. In addition to providing an algorithm for computing Casimir interactions in geometries that could not be efficiently handled by any other method, the framework proposed here thus achieves an explicit unification of two seemingly disparate approaches to computational Casimir physics.

关键词： FLUCTUATIONS (Physics) CASIMIR effect ARBITRARY constants ELECTRIC currents SURFACES (Physics) CURRENT distribution

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Measurement of the transverse polarization of Λ and Λ¯ hyperons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

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Physical Review D 2015年第3期91卷 032004-032004页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah S. Abdel Khalek O. Abdinov R. Aben B. Abi M. Abolins O. S. AbouZeid H. Abramowicz H. Abreu R. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B. S. Acharya L. Adamczyk D. L. Adams J. Adelman S. Adomeit T. Adye T. Agatonovic-Jovin J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Agustoni S. P. Ahlen F. Ahmadov G. Aielli H. Akerstedt T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov G. L. Alberghi J. Albert S. Albrand M. J. Alconada Verzini M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob G. Alimonti L. Alio J. Alison B. M. M. Allbrooke L. J. Allison P. P. Allport A. Aloisio A. Alonso F. Alonso C. Alpigiani A. Altheimer B. Alvarez Gonzalez M. G. Alviggi K. Amako Y. Amaral Coutinho C. Amelung D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos A. Amorim S. Amoroso N. Amram G. Amundsen C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei X. S. Anduaga S. Angelidakis I. Angelozzi P. Anger A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi A. V. Anisenkov N. Anjos A. Annovi M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli M. Aoki L. Aperio Bella G. Arabidze Y. Arai J. P. Araque A. T. H. Arce F. A. Arduh J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez V. Arnal H. Arnold M. Arratia O. Arslan A. Artamonov G. Artoni S. Asai N. Asbah A. Ashkenazi B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan R. Astalos M. Atkinson N. B. Atlay B. Auerbach K. Augsten M. Aurousseau G. Avolio B. Axen G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak A. E. Baas C. Bacci H. Bachacou K. Bachas M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagiacchi P. Bagnaia Y. Bai T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker P. Balek F. Balli E. Banas Sw. Banerjee A. A. E. Bannoura H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow S. L. Barnes B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett Z. Barnovska A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton P. Bartos A. Bassalat A. Basye R. L. Bates S. J. Batista J. R. Batley M. Battaglia M. Battistin F. Bauer H. S. Bawa J. B. Beacham M. D. CPPM Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman OK United States of America Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan LAL Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Physics Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK United States of America Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing MI United States of America Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion: Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel CERN Geneva Switzerland Department of Physics Stockholm University Sweden The Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm Sweden INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY United States of America Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL United States of America Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Institute of Physics University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas - LIP Lisboa Portugal Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada (Spain) Portugal Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Physics Boston University Boston MA United States of America Joint Institute for Nuclear Research JI

The transverse polarization of Λ and Λ¯ hyperons produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is measured. The analysis uses 760 μb−1 of minimum bias data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in the year 2010. The measured transverse polarization averaged over Feynman xF from 5×10−5 to 0.01 and transverse momentum pT from 0.8 to 15 GeV is −0.010±0.005(stat)±0.004(syst) for Λ and 0.002±0.006(stat)±0.004(syst) for Λ¯. It is also measured as a function of xF and pT, but no significant dependence on these variables is observed. Prior to this measurement, the polarization was measured at fixed-target experiments with center-of-mass energies up to about 40 GeV. The ATLAS results are compatible with the extrapolation of a fit from previous measurements to the xF range covered by this measurement.

关键词： POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics) research PROTON-proton interactions DETECTORS EXTRAPOLATION MASS (Physics) -- Measurement

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Functional imaging of hemodynamics in the rat retina with optical coherence tomography

Functional imaging of hemodynamics in the rat retina with op...

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Frontiers in Optics, FIO 2013

作者： Choi, WooJhon Boas, David A. Clermont, Allen C. Feener, Edward P. Fujimoto, James G. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA 02129 United States Beetham Eye Institute Joslin Diabetes Center Boston MA 02215 United States

An ultrahigh-speed spectral domain OCT system was used to measure functional hyperemia in the rat retina. Hemodynamic imaging is performed using Doppler and speckle decorrelation techniques to quantify retinal blood f... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529879

关键词： Hemodynamics

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Implementation of Rössler chaotic system through inherent exponential nonlinearity of a diode with two-channel chaotic synchronization applications

Implementation of Rössler chaotic system through inherent e...

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International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP)

作者： S. Larptwee W. San-Um Engineering Program and Basic Science Department Faculty of Engineering Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology Thailand Intelligent Electronic Systems Research laboratory and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781467362481

This paper presents a new Rössler chaotic system using exponential nonlinearity and its application to two-channel synchronization. The proposed chaotic system exhibits a chaotic attractor that resembles the original Rössler system with only six-term in three-dimensional ordinary equation systems using the exponential nonlinearity. Chaotic dynamics are described in terms of equilibria, Jacobian matrix, time domain waveforms, chaotic attractors, and bifurcation diagram. The circuit implementation is relatively compact and simple sine the exponential nonlinearity can be achieved by an inherent nonlinearity of single diode. An application to a two-channel secure communication are also demonstrated, showing a fast, low-error and robust synchronization processes.

关键词： Chaotic communication Synchronization Equations Transmitters Receivers Mathematical model

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Femtosecond fiber timing distribution system for the linac coherent light source

Femtosecond fiber timing distribution system for the linac c...

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35th International Free-Electron Laser Conference, FEL 2013

作者： Li, Heng Chen, Li-Jin Cheng, Haynes Pak Hay May, Justin E. Smith, Steve Muehlig, Kerstin Uttamadoss, Akshaya Frisch, Josef C. Fry, Alan R. Kärtner, Franz X. Bucksbaum, Philip H. Stanford PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Physics Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford CA United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA United States Idesta Quantum Electronics LLC Newton NJ United States Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783954501267

We present the design and progress of a femtosecond fiber timing distribution system for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) [1-3] at SLAC to enable the machine diagnostic at the 10 fs level. The LCLS at the SLAC is the world's first hard x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) with unprecedented peak brightness and pulse duration [1-3]. The time-resolved optical/x-ray pumpprobe experiments at this facility open the era of exploring the ultrafast dynamics of atoms, molecules, proteins, and condensed matter [4-6]. However, the temporal resolution of current experiments is limited by the timing jitter between the optical and x-ray pulses [7, 8]. Recently, sub-25 fs root mean squared (rms) jitter is achieved from an x-ray/optical cross-correlator at the LCLS [9], and external seeding is expected to reduce the intrinsic timing jitter [10, 11], which would enable full synchronization of the optical and x-ray pulses with sub- 10 fs precision. For such a technique, tight synchronization between seed and pump lasers needs to be implemented [12-16]. Preliminary test results of the major components for a 4 link system will be presented. Currently, the system is geared towards diagnostics to study the various sources of jitter at the LCLS. Copyright © 2013 CC-BY-3.0 and by the respective authors.

关键词： Free electron lasers

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Adiabatic sum-frequency generation in the visible region

Adiabatic sum-frequency generation in the visible region

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Advanced Solid State Lasers, ASSL 2013

作者： Cankaya, Huseyin Calendron, Anne-Laure Suchowski, Haim Kärtner, Franz X. Center for Free-Electron Laser Science Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany Department of Physics and the Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging University of Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 D-22761 Hamburg Germany University of California Berkeley CA-94720 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States

We demonstrated adiabatic sum-frequency generation with 92 % photon conversion efficiency between a white-light continuum and a strong pump at 1030 nm to cover the spectral range of 405-500 nm by using an aperiodicall...

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529824

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Sources of nonlinearity in a PIN photodetector at high applied reverse bias

Sources of nonlinearity in a PIN photodetector at high appli...

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International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP)

作者： Yue Hu Curtis R. Menyuk Vincent J. Urick Keith J. Williams Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland Baltimore county Baltimore MD USA Photonics Technology Branch Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC USA

One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) drift-diffusion models were created to investigate the sources of nonlinearity in a high-current p-i-n photodetector. Incomplete ionization, an external circuit, and impact ionization are all included in the model. We achieve good agreement with the experimental data with both the 1D and 2D model. We show that impact ionization is the dominant source of device nonlinearity at large applied reverse bias. The electron and hole current contributions to the second harmonic power were calculated. We find that the impact ionization is more important for the electrons. We also find that the hole velocity saturates slowly with increasing reverse bias, and the hole current makes a large contribution to the harmonic power at 10 V. This result implies that decreasing the hole injection will decrease the harmonic power.

关键词： Harmonic analysis Power system harmonics Impact ionization Charge carrier processes PIN photodiodes Semiconductor process modeling

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Nanocrystals: Orientationally Ordered Colloidal Co‐Dispersions of Gold Nanorods and Cellulose Nanocrystals (Adv. Mater. 42/2014)

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Advanced Materials 2014年第42期26卷

作者： Qingkun Liu Michael G. Campbell Julian S. Evans Ivan I. Smalyukh Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program and Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA

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Rebalancing the Rebalancers: Optimally Routing Vehicles and Drivers in Mobility-on-Demand systems

Rebalancing the Rebalancers: Optimally Routing Vehicles and ...

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American Control Conference

作者： Stephen L. Smith Marco Pavone Mac Schwager Emilio Frazzoli Daniela Rus Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Division of Systems Engineering Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Aeronautics and Astronautics Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901777

In this paper we study rebalancing strategies for a mobility-on-demand urban transportation system blending customer-driven vehicles with a taxi service. In our system, a customer arrives at one of many designated stations and is transported to any other designated station, either by driving themselves, or by being driven by an employed driver. When some origins and destinations are more popular than others, vehicles will become unbalanced, accumulating at some stations and becoming depleted at others. This problem is addressed by employing rebalancing drivers to drive vehicles from the popular destinations to the unpopular destinations. However, with this approach the rebalancing drivers themselves become unbalanced, and we need to "rebalance the rebalancers" by letting them travel back to the popular destinations with a customer. In this paper we study how to optimally route the rebalancing vehicles and drivers so that the number of waiting customers remains bounded while minimizing the number of rebalancing vehicles traveling in the network and the number of rebalancing drivers needed;surprisingly, these two objectives are aligned, and one can find the optimal rebalancing strategy by solving two decoupled linear programs. We determine the minimum number of drivers and minimum number of vehicles needed to ensure stability in the system. Our simulations suggest that, in Euclidean network topologies, one would need between 1/3 and 1/4 as many drivers as vehicles.

关键词： Mobility-on-Demand systems taxi service many designated stations Drivers vehicle rebalance driver circuits Taxi services System stability STATIONS Automobile driving linear programming Personnel Selection

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DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSTRATE-INTEGRATED ANTENNA ARRAYS AT 120-270 GHZ

DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSTRATE-INTEGRATED ANTENNA ARRAYS AT 120-27...

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第二届微波/太赫兹科学与应用国际研讨会(2013 International Symposium on Microwave/Terahertz science and Applications)

作者： Zhi Ning Chen Xianming Qing Junfeng Xu Siew Bee Yeap Wei Hong Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science Technology and ResearchSingapore Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science Technology and ResearchSingapore Key State Laboratory of Millimeter-Waves Southeast University China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

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