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SSRN 2025年

作者： Joo, Hyun-Woo Fyfe, Matthew H. Verdú, Irene Rahmaninezhad, Seyed Ali Sales, Christopher M. Srubar, Wil V. Hubler, Mija H. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States 1111 Engineering Drive – UCB 428 ECOT 441 BoulderCO80309-0422 United States Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Drexel University PhiladelphiaPA United States Environmental Department Terracon Consulting Inc. The ColonyTX United States Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Department of Biology

This study investigates the ureolysis and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) characteristics of Sporosarcina pasteurii and Lysinibacillus sphaericus under varying incubation and reaction conditions. A series of batch MICP experiments were conducted to assess the effects of incubation duration and pH, bacterial cell density, and reagent (i.e., urea and calcium ion) concentrations on ureolysis and CaCO3 precipitation characteristics. The findings indicate that both bacteria exhibit higher urease activity after 24 hours of incubation compared to 48 hours, regardless of incubation pH. S. pasteurii exhibits maximum specific urease activity at an alkaline pH (pH 9.0), whereas L. sphaericus reaches peak activity at a neutral pH (pH 7.2). Across six incubation conditions for each bacterium, S. pasteurii exhibits greater sensitivity in specific urease activity, while L. sphaericus maintains a more consistent ureolysis performance. In terms of cell density, a lower OD600 (~0.1) enhances specific urease activity and early-stage mineralization efficiency, whereas a higher OD600 (~1.0) accelerates overall CaCO3 precipitation, enhances terminal-stage mineralization efficiency, and promotes the prolonged presence of vaterite. High reagent concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 M) enhance specific urease activity and CaCO3 precipitation rates and lead to over 93% of vaterite formation, while low reagent concentration (0.3 M) favors calcite-dominant precipitation over time. These findings provide insights into evaluating and optimizing MICP performance under varying incubation and reaction conditions. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbonation

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Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: effects of reaction temperature and acid concentration on the production of hydrolysis by-products

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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2023年第9期13卷 7533-7546页

作者： Pham, Van Toi Guan, Chung-Yu Han, Po-Chun Matsagar, Babasaheb M. Wu, Kevin C. W. Ahamad, Tansir Chang, Ching-Yuan Yu, Chang-Ping Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Faculty of Environmental Engineering National University of Civil Engineering 55 Giai Phong Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Department of Environmental Engineering National Ilan University Yilan260 Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Green Materials and Precision Devices National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Water Innovation Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

Sewage sludge (SS) is an organic biomass from wastewater treatment plants, but the use of SS to produce bio-based chemicals under acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (ACH) processes is not well investigated. In this study, ACH processes were performed at 120, 150, and 180 °C using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with concentrations of 0–0.5 M within a reaction time of 90–180 min to produce bio-based chemicals from SS. The results showed that the reaction temperature, reaction time, and concentrations of H2SO4 affected the yields of sugars, levulinic acid (LA), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The highest xylose and glucose yields were 7.69 mol% and 5.22 mol% at 120 °C with 0.5 M H2SO4 during the 180 min of reaction time, respectively. Besides, under the ACH process at 180 °C and 180 min, the yield of LA reached a maximum value of 0.48 mol% at 0.5 M H2SO4, and the highest yield of HMF was 1.66 mol% at 0.1 M H2SO4. The data obtained also indicated that the ACH process led to an increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and total dissolved nitrogen. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix of dissolved organic matter and thermogravimetric analysis of the treated SS further supported the enhanced solubilization of SS after ACH process, especially under higher reaction temperature and concentrations of H2SO4. Although the lower yields of bio-based chemicals might restrict the downstream recovery of the target products, the largely improved SS solubilization by ACH suggests that acid-catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis process has potential as an alternative pretreatment method of SS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Sewage sludge

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Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete Using Fine-Red Sand and Fly Ash for Road Construction: A Case Study in Vietnam 5th

Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete Using Fine-Re...

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5th International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in civil engineering, ICRMCE 2021

作者： Sang, Nguyen Thanh Quan, Thai Minh Nguyen, May Huu Ho, Lanh Si University of Transport and Communications Hanoi Viet Nam University of Transport Technology 54 Trieu Khuc Thanh Xuan Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-527 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789811693472

Nowadays, in order to decrease environmental impacts such as exhaustion of natural resources and CO2 discharge, the partial replacement of cement by fly ash and coarse aggregate by crushed fine aggregate in concrete have been attracted many researchers. This study concentrated on an experimental examination of the mechanical properties of fine-grained concrete using fine-red sand placement for crushed sand. Experimental tests were performed to investigate compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength. The results reveal that the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength increased with curing time for all mixtures. The increase in the amount of fine-red sand replacement caused a decrease in all mixtures. It was also found that there is a strong correlation between compressive and splitting tensile strength with a high coefficient of determination. Besides, the results of compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength satisfied the requirement of concrete used for pavement. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Compressive strength

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Assessing the Potential of Biodegradable Plastics in a Circular Economy: A Methodological Outlook

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2025年第2期5卷 1291-1305页

作者： Scheers, Quinten Nimmegeers, Philippe Galant, Or Spatari, Sabrina Van den Brande, Niko Brancart, Joost Billen, Pieter Faculty of Applied Engineering Intelligence in Processes Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS) University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerp 2020 Belgium Faculty of Business and Economics Department of Engineering Management Environmental Economics (EnvEcon) University of Antwerp Prinsstraat 13 Antwerp 2000 Belgium Flanders Make@UAntwerp Antwerp 2000 Belgium Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion– Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel Grand Technion Energy Program Technion– Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Valhallavägen 81 Stockholm 11428 Sweden

Increased biodegradability, in other words reduced environmental recalcitrance, has the potential to be an important asset in the battle against plastics pollution. It can partially mitigate global plastic leakages into the environment, which is next to their impact on climate change the biggest concern regarding plastics use. Biodegradation should be regarded as an optimal safety net in many applications and should often not be the targeted waste management option for biodegradable plastics. Biodegradability should not preclude reuse or proper recyclability, which are impactful means to reduce the carbon intensity of plastics lifecycles. Despite the added advantages, the market penetration of biodegradable plastics is only very slowly growing. Moreover, policy recommends its use only in limited applications, driven by sometimes-higher cost and limited recyclability. In this article, we posit that arguments against widespread application of biodegradable plastics are largely driven by misperceptions arising from intrinsic limitations of contemporary sustainability assessments and offer an alternative viewpoint that could compensate for this. In general, sustainability assessments fail to properly assess learning curves, often do not take littering potential into account, and are rather conservative with respect to background systems. Hence, recyclability– or better: circularity– judgements often do not resolve the paradoxical situation in which increased market shares lead to easier and more profitable recycling schemes and vice versa. Judging disruptive innovations by incorporating thermodynamics-inspired, less data-intensive, state-based methods, based on, e.g., statistical entropy analysis, into the decision support framework could allow to forecast packaging markets with performant materials that are intrinsically circular, having reduced environmental recalcitrance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Biodegradable Plastics Decision Making Statistical Entropy Sustainability Assessments

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The Dependence in Microcystin Removal with Powdered Activated Carbon on Variant Properties, Carbon Properties, and Dissolved Organic Matter

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Huang, Yuzhou Lenhart, John J. Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University United States

Microcystins (MCs) are a class of harmful cyanotoxins produced during harmful algal blooms (HABs), and their presence demands mitigation strategies. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption is an effective treatment method for MC removal, but its efficacy is influenced by several factors. For example, MC removal varies depending upon the properties of the PAC and MC variant. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also known to impact MC removal by PAC. To enhance the removal of MC by PAC, it is not only necessary to investigate the individual impact of these factors but also to consider them in an integrated manner as the importance of each of these factors compared to one another is not clear. Thus, in this study we evaluated the relative importance of PAC properties, MC variant properties, and the presence of DOM on MC removal. Kinetic adsorption experiments were conducted over a period of 72 hours with four MC variants (MC-LR, MC-LA, MC-RR and desmethylated MC-RR) and three PAC types (wood-based, coal-blend and coal-based) that had different properties. The role of DOM was investigated using two different DOM sources (microbial DOM and terrestrial DOM). The results demonstrated wood-based PAC, which had the highest surface area and mesopore volume of the PAC tested, had the highest adsorption rate and capacity for all four MC variants. Of the variants studied, neutrally charged MC-RR was adsorbed more rapidly and to a greater extent on all of the PAC types than were the other variants. As expected, DOM inhibited microcystin adsorption to PAC. The degree of inhibition, however, did not significantly vary for the two DOM types evaluated and the magnitude of inhibition decreased as the DOM concentration increased. Overall, the PAC properties were a more important factor in MC removal than were the MC properties or DOM conditions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorption

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Wave (from) Polarized Light Learning (WPLL) method: high resolution spatio-temporal measurements of water surface waves in laboratory setups

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ginio, Noam Lindenbaum, Michael Fishbain, Barak Liberzon, Dan Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion Haifa320003 Israel Faculty of Computer Science Technion Haifa320003 Israel Interdisciplinary program for Marine Engineering Technion Haifa Israel

Effective spatio-temporal measurements of water surface elevation (water waves) in laboratory experiments are essential for scientific and engineering research. Existing techniques are often cumbersome, computationally heavy and generally suffer from limited wavenumber/frequency response. To address this challenge, we propose the Wave (from) Polarized Light Learning (WPLL), a learning based remote sensing method for laboratory implementation, capable of inferring surface elevation and slope maps in high resolution. The method uses the polarization properties of the light reflected from the water surface. The WPLL uses a deep neural network (DNN) model that approximates the water surface slopes from the polarized light intensities. Once trained on simple monochromatic wave trains, the WPLL is capable of producing high-resolution and accurate reconstruction of the 2D water surface slopes and elevation in a variety of irregular wave fields. The method’s robustness is demonstrated by showcasing its high wavenumber/frequency response, its ability to reconstruct wave fields propagating in arbitrary angles relative to the camera optical axis, and its computational efficiency. This developed methodology is an accurate and cost-effective near-real time remote sensing tool for laboratory water surface waves measurements, setting the path for upscaling to open sea application for research, monitoring, and short-time forecasting. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Drinking Water Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis of Public Water Systems, Including Treatment and Distribution Classifications, Operator Licensing, and Future Demands. Massachusetts as a Case Study

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Journal of the New England Water Works Association 2024年第2期138卷 35-49页

作者： Perez-Medina, Xochitl Celona, Michael Durham, Andrew Guterman, Damon Finn, A. Margaret Ronca, Grace DePeiza, Yvette Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Drinking Water Program 100 Cambridge Street BostonMA02114 United States UMass Amherst-Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 100 Cambridge Street BostonMA02114 United States

Massachusetts is supported by an extensive network of more than 1,400 water treatment plants, 1,600 Public Water Systems (PWS), and 3,218 licensed individuals. This analysis examines the current classifications of PWS, the state of operator licensing, and the impact of PFAS standards. Findings include that new operators are entering the workforce but are only replacing those leaving and that current PFAS regulations have increased the need for lower-grade operators. Efforts should be made to increase the number of operators and to assist PWS potentially impacted by PFAS regulations. © 2024 New England Water Works Association. All rights reserved.

关键词： Potable water

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Effect of Skeletonization on Energy Consumption of Water Distribution System

Effect of Skeletonization on Energy Consumption of Water Dis...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2023: Adaptive Planning and Design in an Age of Risk and Uncertainty

作者： Pasha, M. Fayzul K. Perez, Luis Weathers, Matthew Smith, Brennan Dept. of Civil and Geomatics Engineering California State Univ FresnoCA United States Water Power Program and Energy-Water Resource Systems Group Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784484852

ISBN: (纸本)9780784484852

A skeletonized water distribution system (WDS) model plays an important role in decision making process for its design and operations in planning phase. Given energy is the main driving force to operate a WDS efficiently and with the recent hikes in energy price, the investigation of energy flow in WDS is much more important than ever before. While a skeletonized network is easy to handle and takes less amount of time to run, it should represent the real-world scenario including the demand and hydraulics as accurately as possible. Failure to represent real-world scenario can mislead design and operational decisions including energy consumptions and delivery pressure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the energy flow in a WDS varies with the extent of the skeletonized network. Keeping the total demand constant for a network and the spatial distribution of the demand within a range in the skeletonized networks, how the energy consumption at the pump station, energy loss in the pipe, and the energy storage in the tank vary with the size of the skeletonized networks are investigated in this study. Energy balance model has been set up for each skeletonized model to observe the impact on energy flow for a series of models. Since the number of pipes and nodes can impact hydraulics, which eventually impact the energy flow, the paper considers two types of networks: branch and loop water distribution systems. The study has been applied to two hypothetical literature networks. Due to skeletonization, the flow pattern in the loop system changes more than that in the branch system causing higher percentage change of frictional energy loss in the loop system. The energy consumption or loss per unit demand per node in the skeletonized networks is found almost linear for the branch system. However, this parameter changes non-linearly in the skeletonized networks for the loop system. © World environmental and Water Resources Congress *** rights reserved

关键词： Energy utilization

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Relationship between extreme rainfall and design flood-discharge of the Ciliwung river 2

Relationship between extreme rainfall and design flood-disch...

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2nd International Conference on Disaster and Management 2020, ICDM 2020

作者： Farid, M. Saputra, D. Maitsa, T.R. Kesuma, T.N.A. Kuntoro, A.A. Chrysanti, A. Water Resources Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40135 Indonesia Civil Engineering Master Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40135 Indonesia Civil Engineering Doctoral Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40135 Indonesia Center for Coastal and Marine Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40135 Indonesia Center for Water Resources Development Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung40135 Indonesia

Flood in Jakarta is occurred almost every year due to inadequate flood control systems to the flood prediction, inadequate drainage system, and trash that clog the drainage. The increase of rainfall is also one of the causes of flooding. That changing rainfall characteristics can affect river flow. This study aims to analyze the trend of rainfall in different time frames and its effect to flood discharge. The extreme rainfall trend is analyzed for every 15 years period from rainfall data of 1985 to 2019 for several return periods. Three period is selected for trend analysis and compared to the baseline data (1985-2019). Based on the analysis, the extreme rainfall for 1995-2009 and 2005-2019 period compared to the baseline is increased for all return periods. The increasing percentage is approximately 3-10% and 5-16% respectively. Since the extreme rainfall is increased, the design discharge is also increased for all return periods. The increasing percentage for 1995-2009 and 2005-2019 period compared to the baseline is 4-12% and 7-19% respectively. However, the design rainfall and discharge for the period 1985-1999 is lower than the baseline. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Rain

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Experimental and Simulation Analysis of Rca and Para-Wood Ash as Partial Substitutes for Nca and Cement in Recycled Aggregate Concrete

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Sae-Long, Worathep Chompoorat, Thanakorn Limkatanyu, Suchart Damrongwiriyanupap, Nattapong Sukontasukkul, Piti Chub-Uppakarn, Tanan Thepumong, Thanakit Civil Engineering Program School of Engineering University of Phayao Phayao56000 Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Prince of Songkla University Songkhla90110 Thailand Construction and Building Materials Research Center Department of Civil Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok10800 Thailand

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is widely used as an alternative recycled material in engineering, while para-wood ash (PWA) is a natural agricultural waste product. To advance sustainable construction, it is crucial to thoroughly examine their impact on concrete’s mechanical properties to ensure safety in engineering applications. This paper conducts a series of experiments on recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with PWA to investigate these replacement effects. RCA replaces natural coarse aggregate (NCA) at 0%, 50%, and 100%, while PWA substitutes cement at 0%, 10%, and 20%. The experiments include compression tests on mortar as well as compressive, tensile, and flexural tests on RAC, along with microstructure investigations. The results indicate a decrease in strength with higher proportions of RCA and PWA. Microstructure investigations were conducted via scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). SEM provides micro images of the testing specimens, while EDX offers insight into their chemical compositions. The EDX results reveal a direct correlation between the Ca/Si ratio and the strengths of mortar and RAC. Correlation studies between compressive strength-replacement parameters, tensile-compressive strength, and flexural-compressive strength demonstrate that the proposed equations accurately predict the experimental data with R2 values of 0.60 (for mortar), and 0.94, 0.95, and 0.71 (for RAC), respectively. Two numerical simulations validate the proposed model and showcase potential engineering applications. Finally, a 10% replacement of PWA for cement can reduce the embodied energy value (EEV) by approximately 9.46% for mortar mixed with PWA and around 10% for RAC mixed with RCA and PWA. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mortar

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