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2021 Transactions of the American Nuclear Society Winter Meeting, ANS 2021

作者： Sjoden, Glenn E. Wang, Meng-Jen Kurtyka, Nicholas Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Utah 110 Central Campus Dr. Salt Lake CityUT8411 United States

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Assessment of groundwater quality from monitoring wells in an area occupied by a cemetery in South Brazil

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Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2024年第6期17卷 1-10页

作者： Fernandes, Gabriel D’ávila de Borba, Willian Fernando Vecchia, Paula Dalla Mortari, Sérgio Roberto Duarte, Fábio Andrei da Cunha Kemerich, Pedro Daniel de Souza, Éricklis Edson Boito da Silva, José Luiz Silvério Silva, Milene Priebe e da Silva, Mateus Guimarães Wissmann, Joao Pedro Berton Federal University of Santa Maria Postgraduate Program in Civil Engineering (PPGEC) Santa Maria Brazil Federal University of Santa Maria Department of Environmental Engineering and Technology Frederico Westphalen Brazil Federal University of Santa Maria Postgraduate Program in Chemistry Avenida Roraima Santa Maria Brazil Franciscana University Postgraduate Program in Nanosciences Santa Maria Brazil Federal University of Santa Maria Department of Chemistry Santa Maria Brazil Federal University of Santa Maria Department of Geosciences Santa Maria Brazil Federal University of Santa Maria Postgraduate Program in Forestry Engineering (PPGEF) Santa Maria Brazil Federal University of Santa Maria Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering (PPGEAmb) Santa Maria Brazil Federal University of Pampa Caçapava do Sul Brazil

The contamination of water resources, surface or underground, is one of the major problems society faces. Thus, areas occupied by cemeteries can negatively impact the environment, especially on water and soil quality. This research aims to analyze groundwater quality in a space occupied by a cemetery in southern Brazil. Twelve chemical elements were analyzed using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma coming from 5 monitoring wells installed in the study area. The results indicated changes in the elements barium, iron, lithium, manganese, sodium, and zinc, with climatic conditions being a predominant factor in the variation of concentrations. The chemical elements aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and vanadium presented concentrations lower than the quantification limit of the method. The concentrations of iron, lithium, zinc, and manganese varied from lower than the quantification limit of the method to 74.10, 3.91, 4.11 µg.L-1, and 0.45 mg. L-1, respectively. Barium and sodium varied from 0.12 to 0.28 and 7.55 to 40.18 mg. L-1, respectively. The element sodium presented average concentrations of 7.55 to 40.18 mg.L-1. The element manganese varies the LQ at 0.45 mg.L-1, where in 5 samples, the values were above those allowed for potability, indicating that it disagrees with current legislation. The others, which contained detectable concentrations in the medium (Ba, Fe, Li, Mn, Na, and Zn) would be within the permitted limits. Based on this, it was possible to conclude a change in the chemical elements during the analyzed period. Thus, the importance of preliminary studies in the areas occupied by necropolises, which can become a public health problem, is highlighted.

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Exploring the need to model severity of single-and multi-occupant vehicles crashes separately:A case of crashes at highway-rail grade crossings

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2023年第4期12卷 996-1005页

作者： Boniphace Kutela Angela E.Kitali Emmanuel Kidando Christian Mbuya Neema Langa Roadway Safety Program Texas A&M Transportation InstituteBryanTX 77807United States University of Washington Tacoma TacomaWA 98402United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cleveland State University ClevelandOH 44115United States Traffic Engineer Consor Engineers HoustonTX 77084United States Department of Sociology and African American Studies University of Houston HoustonTX 77004United States

In recent years,traffic safety researchers have attempted to separate single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes when analyzing crash severity,considering the significant differences in the mechanism of occurrence of the two crash ***,regardless of the number of vehicles involved in a crash,the severity of a crash is defined by the most severe injury outcome sustained by the occupants,not ***,this study evaluated a need for conducting a separate severity analysis for crashes involving a single occupant(SO)and multiple occupants(MO).Ten-year data(2009–2018)of crashes that involved a collision between a single vehicle and a train at the highway-rail grade crossings(HRGCs)across the United States was used as a case *** were grouped based on occupancy level;that is,crashes involving SO were separated from the ones involving *** expected,MO crashes had higher injury and fatality rates than SO *** Multinomial Logit(MNL)models were developed to analyze the crash severity of SO crashes,MO crashes,and total *** study found several differences in associated factors when SO crashes and MO crashes were modeled ***,combining SO and MO crashes tend to either underestimate or overestimate the actual impact of the predictor variable on a specific crash *** the variables,train speed and vehicle speed during crash showed a great *** findings provide evidence that the severity analysis of the SO and MO crashes should be performed separately as they have different characteristics.

关键词： Injury severity Single-occupant crashes Multi-occupant crashes Highway-rail grade crossings

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Fuzzy Art: Pattern Recognition of Wifi Detected Occupancy in Commercial Buildings

Fuzzy Art: Pattern Recognition of Wifi Detected Occupancy in...

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Annual Conference of the Canadian Society of civil engineering, CSCE 2021

作者： Simma, Krishna Chaitanya Jagadeesh Caudell, Thomas P. Bogus, Susan M. Mammoli, Andrea Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNMMSC01 1070 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNMMSC01 1070 United States Customer Technologies Program Electric Power Research Institute 3420 Hillview Ave Palo AltoCA94304 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9789811905025

Research that predicts occupancy patterns in commercial buildings has gained in significance ever since the influence of occupants on building energy consumption became evident. Studies have employed a variety of sensory systems to collect the occupancy data and understand human behaviors throughout buildings. However, establishing a dedicated sensor network to collect occupancy data can become expensive for building owners. In this context, obtaining occupancy data from an existing WiFi network could eliminate the cost concerns. Data within the WiFi routers provide sufficient information for accurate estimates of occupancy. To estimate occupancy levels, this work proposes to learn and recognize WiFi connection using an Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) artificial neural network. A detailed understanding of occupancy patterns using the WiFi data is helpful for developing heating and cooling schedules that optimize HVAC energy consumption. For this study, occupancy data was collected over a 17-week semester at the University of New Mexico using existing WiFi routers located in a large lecture hall used by multiple classes. This data was used to learn patterns of repetition using the neural network. The results show that if the 24-h occupancy profiles can be subdivided into smaller time segments defined by external schedules such as lecture start and end times or other constraints, significant patterns can be detected. A detailed understanding of these patterns can greatly facilitate occupancy load forecasting for effective building management (e.g. HVAC operation). © 2023, Canadian Society for civil engineering.

关键词： Office buildings

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Internal Curing Effect of Porous Ceramic Roof Tile Waste Fine Aggregate on Surface Quality of Steam-Cured Fly Ash Concrete 3rd

Internal Curing Effect of Porous Ceramic Roof Tile Waste Fin...

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3rd International Conference on Sustainable civil engineering and Architecture, ICSCEA 2023

作者： Suzuki, Shinya Huynh, Phat Tan Bui, Phuong Trinh Ogawa, Yuko Kawai, Kenji Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima Higashihiroshima739-8527 Japan 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9789819974337

Steam curing, one of the methods to enhance the early-age strength of concrete, has a high possibility of deterioration of surface layer quality which strongly influences mass transfer resistance. On the other hand, it is reported that steam-cured fly ash concrete performance could be improved by using porous ceramic roof tile waste coarse aggregate as an internal curing material. However, there are few reports on the internal curing effect of the roof tile waste fine aggregate. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the internal curing effect of porous ceramic roof tile waste fine aggregate on surface layer quality in terms of surface air-permeability, surface moisture content, and pore size distribution. Furthermore, the relationship between the durability and the surface quality was investigated by conducting accelerated carbonation tests. The results showed that the steam-cured fly ash concrete with porous ceramic roof tile waste fine aggregate had a denser pore structure in the surface layer, lower air-permeability at the age of 364 days, and higher carbonation resistance than that without internal curing. It may indicate the internal curing is effective in improving the surface quality of steam-cured fly ash concrete at long ages. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Pore structure

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Towards Circular Economy in the Built Environment: Overcoming Obsolescence Via Building Adaptation

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Eliote, Guilherme Monteiro Leite, Fernanda Construction Engineering and Project Management Program Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1752 AustinTX78712-1094 United States John A. Focht Centennial Teaching Fellow in Civil Engineering Construction Engineering and Project Management Program Sustainable Systems Program Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1752 AustinTX78712-1094 United States

Every year, buildings undergo services of adaptation to account for changes in users’ needs, deterioration, code updates, among others. This process, also called building obsolescence, is inevitable and most of these buildings lack a proactive adaptation plan. New buildings, however, can be designed to be more resilient when dealing with obsolescence by leveraging circular economy principles. The understanding of building obsolescence is crucial since they are the triggers of a process of adaptation. Studies have investigated different types of building obsolescence but have not focused on specific causes. Through qualitative analysis of interviews, we identified challenges faced by Architecture, engineering, and Construction professionals in the building adaptation process. Recommendations to tackle these challenges were given, including the selection of durable materials, overdesign of key elements, design for disassembly, and use of modular systems. The research findings can help planners avoid common issues that harm the building adaptation process. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Obsolescence

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Unsaturated Strength of Tage Tuff and Its Water Retention Drying Curve

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Zairyo/Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 2024年第3期73卷 212-219页

作者： Kotabe, Haruhiko Togashi, Yota Hatakeyama, Ken Osada, Masahiko Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku Saitama338-8570 Japan Integrated Technical Support Center Research Organization Saitama University Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku Saitama338-8570 Japan

Strength loss of sedimentary rocks due to water content changes is an important issue in the civil engineering field. Assuming disasters associated with rainfall and drying, it is important to identify unsaturated strength properties for gradually varying moisture contents. Water retention curves are needed to describe unsaturated strength properties. The high suction acting in the case of rock presents a challenge in identifying the suction. In particular, identifying the water retention drying path is difficult. This study propose a method to identify the drying paths using uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of Brazilian test. Uniaxial compression and Brazilian tests were performed on specimens with varying water content in the drying pass to investigate changes in their mechanical properties. Strength and stiffness were found to be approximately halved in the wet condition compared to the dry condition. Simplified Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria are also identified using uniaxial compressive and tensile strength. The cohesion decreases with increasing water content, while the angle of shear resistance is independent of changes in water content. Suction at each saturation level was back-analyzed using the detected cohesion and shear resistance angles to identify the water retention drying curve. The water retention drying curves identified were compared with the water retention wetting curve identified by another method to confirm the validity of the proposed method. ©2024 The Society of Materials Science, Japan.

关键词： Sedimentary rocks

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Biochar as construction materials for achieving carbon neutrality

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 194-218页

作者： Yuying Zhang Mingjing He Lei Wang Jianhua Yan Bin Ma Xiaohong Zhu Yong Sik Ok Viktor Mechtcherine Daniel C.W.Tsang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Laboratory for Waste Management Nuclear Energy and SafetyPaul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsWest YorkshireLeedsUK Korea Biochar Research Center APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program&Division of Environmental Science and Ecological EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoulKorea Institute of Construction Materials Technische Universität Dresden01062 DresdenGermany Research Centre for Resources Engineering towards Carbon Neutrality The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina

Biochar is a waste-derived material that can sequester carbon at a large *** development of low-carbon and sustainable biochar-enhanced construction materials has attracted extensive ***,having a porous nature and highly functionalised surface,can provide nucleation sites for chemical reactions and exhibit compatibility with cement,asphalt,and polymer *** study critically reviewed the state-of-the-art biochar-enhanced construction materials,including biochar-cement composites,biochar-asphalt composites,biochar-plastic composites,*** efficacies and mechanisms of biochar as construction materials were articulated to improve their functional *** critical review highlighted the roles of biochar in cement hydration,surface functional groups of engineered biochar for promoting chemical reactions,and value-added merits of biochar-enhanced construction materials(such as humidity regulation,thermal insulation,noise reduction,air/water purification,electromagnetic shielding,and self-sensing).The major properties of biochar are correlated to the features and functionalities of biochar-enhanced construction *** advances in our understanding of biochar’s roles in various composites can foster the next-generation design of carbon-neutral construction materials.

关键词： Engineered biochar Biomass waste management Carbon-negative materials Carbon neutrality Supplementary cementitious materials Sustainable construction

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Navigating Legal Frameworks for National Resilience: A Comparative Analysis of Key Disaster Management Laws in Thailand and Japan

Navigating Legal Frameworks for National Resilience: A Compa...

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First International Symposium on Instrumentation, Control, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics (ICA-SYMP)

作者： Ampan Laosunthara Ratchaneekorn Thongthip Kodchakorn Krutphong School of Environment and Society Institute of Science Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Civil & Infrastructure Engineering Disaster Preparedness Mitigation and Management School of Engineering and Technology Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Pathumthani Thailand Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331505400

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505417

This study compares the disaster management laws of Thailand and Japan. The research reveals significant differences in legislative approaches, reflecting each country's unique historical, and governance contexts. Japan's law demonstrates a more comprehensive approach to the disaster management cycle and stakeholder involvement, with integrated financial provisions. Thailand's law emphasizes organizational aspects. Both prioritize response measures but show potential gaps in addressing preparedness and mitigation phases. The study identifies areas for further investigation, including financial measures, and international cooperation approaches. This comparative analysis offers valuable insights into both countries' ongoing development of disaster management systems and highlights potential areas for mutual learning and improvement in disaster risk reduction strategies. Creating resilience in the society through the core of the government working and stakeholders' given authorities.

关键词： Phase measurement Law Prevention and mitigation Disasters Area measurement Legislation Frequency measurement Stakeholders Robots Resilience

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Anticancer drugs alter active nitrogen-cycling communities with effects on the nitrogen removal efficiency of a continuous-flow aerobic granular sludge system

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Chemosphere 2025年 376卷 144279页

作者： Castellano-Hinojosa, Antonio Gallardo-Altamirano, Manuel J. Santo Svierzoski, Nicoly Dal Pozo, Clementina González-López, Jesús González-Martínez, Alejandro Environmental Microbiology Group Institute of Water Research University of Granada Granada18003 Spain Department of Microbiology University of Granada Granada18071 Spain Civil Engineering Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

There is increasing awareness of the presence of anticancer drugs (ACDs) in wastewater. Nonetheless, how ACDs affect the performance of wastewater treatment systems and their microbial populations remains largely unclear. This study investigated the effects of three common ACDs (cyclophosphamide, tamoxifen, and methotrexate) at varying concentrations on physicochemical parameters and drug removal efficiency in an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system operated in a continuous-flow reactor. Additionally, it examined the abundance of active microbial communities, including nitrifiers (amoA gene from ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea) and denitrifiers (napA, narG, nirK, nirS, nosZ genes), as well as the biodiversity of active prokaryotic communities. The concentration level of ACDs determines variations in biomass density, granule integrity, and removal efficiencies of organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen. Both medium and high ACD concentrations negatively impact these physicochemical parameters. The findings revealed that AGS functioning within a continuous system could help remove ACDs, but removal efficiencies depended on the specific drug and concentration applied. At medium and high ACD concentrations a marked reduction in the abundance of active bacterial and archaeal communities, including nitrifiers and denitrifiers, was observed, alongside a decline in microbial diversity and a transformation in community composition. Specific bacterial genera, which are crucial for OM degradation, nitrification and denitrification were identified as particularly sensitive to anticancer drugs. Our findings highlight the need for monitoring and managing anticancer drugs in wastewater systems, as they can substantially alter treatment performance, nitrogen-cycling communities, and bacterial community composition. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Cytotoxic Denitrification Granular Microbial abundance Nitrification Wastewater

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