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Human activities and forest fires in Indonesia: An analysis of the Bromo incident and implications for conservation tourism

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Trees, Forests and People 2024年 15卷

作者： Suhardono, Sapta Fitria, Laili Suryawan, I Wayan Koko Septiariva, Iva Yenis Mulyana, Rachmat Sari, Mega Mutiara Ulhasanah, Nova Prayogo, Wisnu Environmental Sciences Study Program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak 78124 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Infrastructure Planning Universitas Pertamina Jakarta 12220 Indonesia Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies College of Environmental Studies and Oceanography National Dong Hwa University Hualien 97401 Taiwan Civil Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Department of Building Engineering Education Universitas Negeri Medan Medan 20221 Indonesia

This study delves into the Bromo magnitude of the fire incident in Indonesia, a notable tourism destination, uncovering significant gaps in knowledge regarding tourist-induced forest fires. We comprehensively analyze the incident's environmental, economic, social, and tourism impacts. environmentally, the fire caused severe damage to the region's ecosystems, upsetting ecological balances and diminishing air quality. This has far-reaching effects on flora, fauna, and the sustainability of natural resources. Forest fires release a significant amount of pollutants into the air, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and other harmful compounds. These pollutants can significantly degrade air quality, leading to health issues for humans and animals. The forest fire in the Bromo region of Indonesia had a profound impact, both economically and environmentally. The closure of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park drastically reduced tourism, leading to an 80 % drop in hotel occupancy and severe losses for local businesses like jeep rentals, eateries, and souvenir shops. Economically, this resulted in a significant decrease in Non-Tax State Revenue. environmentally, the fire destroyed over 50 hectares of land, severely damaging the national park's ecosystems and affecting biodiversity. The smoke and heat from the fire also led to poor air quality and potential health risks for local residents, as well as adverse effects on nearby agriculture, increasing stress and anxiety in the community. The study emphasizes the urgent need for stringent regulations, effective community engagement, and educational initiatives in forest conservation areas, particularly those attracting tourists. Our findings offer critical insights for policymakers, local authorities, and stakeholders in the tourism sector, highlighting the necessity of balancing environmental protection with the growth of the global travel industry. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Bromo incident Community engagement Conservation tourism Ecological consequences environmental protection Forest fires Human-induced fires

XFEM based fracture analysis of single notch reactive powder concrete specimen subjected to three point bending test 4

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XFEM based fracture analysis of single notch reactive powder...

4th International Conference on Earthquake engineering and Disaster Mitigation, ICEEDM 2019

作者： Kusumaningrum, Patria Budiono, Bambang Fajar, Muhammad Elitha, E. Structural Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Civil Engineering Master Program Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia

An extended finite element method (XFEM) for fracture problem within the finite element software ABAQUS is adopted in order to investigate the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of RPC material. The RPC materials observed are plain RPC of 0% and steel fiber RPC (SFRPC) of 2% volume fraction. Single edge notch three-point bending (TPB) tests of RPC materials are performed. The mechanical properties of RPC with respect to single edge notch TPB test, i.e. tensile stress, CMOD, and fracture energy obtained from experiment are then compared to those obtained from numerical analysis. A good agreement is observed between the experimental and numerical results. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.

关键词： Steel fibers

Comparison of copper adsorption effectivity in acid mine drainage using natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite 2

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Comparison of copper adsorption effectivity in acid mine dra...

2nd International Conference on Global Issue for Infrastructure, Environment and Socio-Economic Development, IC-GIESED 2019

作者： Wulandari, E. Hidayat, A.E. Moersidik, S.S. Department of Civil Engineering Environmental Engineering Study Program Universitas Indonesia Depok Indonesia

Acid mine drainage (AMD) contains a high concentration of various heavy metals and have low pH levels. In this study, the comparison between the use of natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite for Cu2+ removal in AMD was conducted. The adsorbent of natural zeolite was prepared through a chemical activating method by adding NaOH. While, synthesized zeolite was made from coal fly ash using a two-step method, fusion, and hydrothermal process. The AMD used in this study was artificially designed with the concentration of Cu2+ 100 ppm and pH ± 3. The adsorption experiment was carried out using a batch method to observe the influential parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, adsorbent isotherms, and kinetics. The result show that the removal efficiency of Cu2+ for natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite was 98,16% and 93,98 % with optimum adsorbent dose 1,5 g/l and 21 g/l, respectively. The optimum contact time for both adsorbents was 120 minutes. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted the adsorption for synthesized zeolite and natural zeolite, with the maximum sorption capacity of 23,8 mg/g and 30,03 mg/g, and the kinetics model of pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order. The result of this study that the good adsorption effectivity synthesized zeolite. Furthermore, both natural zeolite and synthesized zeolite have great potential as a sustainable and economical material for heavy metal removal ion Cu2+ in wastewater. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Adsorption

Design of a Central Tool for Sustainability Evaluation and Weighting to Decision-Making Support of Contaminated Soils Remediation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Braun, Adeli Beatriz Visentin, Caroline Thomé, Antônio Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Passo Fundo BR 285 São José Rio Grande do Sul Passo Fundo99052-900 Brazil

Sustainable remediation remains unstandardized and ambiguously regulated, thereby limiting its adoption in the management of contaminated areas. Although a considerable number of tools are available for this purpose, numerous shortcomings continue to be detected, especially with regard to the integration of a complete assessment of impact and sustainability into a single framework. In view of these problems, this study developed and validated an integrated tool for assessing the sustainability of remediation techniques for contaminated soils. To support the sustainability analysis, we prepared impact assessment matrices, which list components and criteria for obtaining integrated impact scores for each sustainability dimension/pillar (i.e., social, economic, and environmental), factor, and component. These impact scores were incorporated and fitted into a mathematical model used to ascertain the sustainability of the techniques. The tool was subsequently validated by comparing and analyzing the sustainability with which five techniques: phytoremediation, electrokinetics and excavation/disposal (Case Study I), nanoremediation and soil washing (Case Study II). The techniques’ probabilities of sustainability followed the order presented in the preceding statement. The determination of sustainability was supported by the direct interaction between the effects derived under each dimension and technique. These findings led to the conclusion that the proposed tool prioritizes the basic principles of sustainability, which call for harmony among the three pillars, and that it is a favorable instrument for the evaluation and selection of a sustainable remediation technique. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable development

Design of a Central Tool for Sustainability Evaluation and Weighting to Decision-Making Support of Contaminated Soils Remediation

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SSRN 2023年

关键词： Sustainable development

Flood Modelling for an Urban Indian Catchment: Challenges and Way Forward

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Flood Modelling for an Urban Indian Catchment: Challenges an...

Virtual Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, VCDRR 2021

作者： Ghosh, Mousumi Karmakar, Subhankar Ghosh, Subimal Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Centre for Urban Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811655005

The current study aims to develop a holistic hydrodynamic flood modelling framework for the Mithi catchment of Mumbai city, India, which is subjected to flooding almost every year causing huge losses and inconvenience. A one-dimensional flood model (MIKE 11) which accounts for the river discharge along with stormwater drainage discharge is coupled with a two-dimensional flood model (MIKE 21) which simulates the overland flow in the MIKE FLOOD platform along with the major flood influencers such as rainfall and tidal elevation to develop a three-way coupled flood modelling framework. The flood parameters obtained from this framework are translated into flood inundation maps which account for flood depth and flood hazard maps which account for flood depth along with spatial velocity and can help to identify the potential areas at risk. However, hydrodynamic flood modelling is highly data-intensive and requires good resolution meteorological, hydraulic, and topographical data sets. Therefore, the unavailability of long-term and reliable data sets in developing and underdeveloping countries cause a major hindrance for modelling in such catchments. The current study also adapts alternate robust methods to address the challenge of data scarcity of rainfall, discharge, tidal elevation, and drainage network. The proposed framework and methods are generic and can be incorporated in similar data-scarce urban catchments for effective flood management. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Hydrodynamics

The Effects of Calcium Carbonate on Sodium Metasilicate-Activated Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Pastes

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ren, Jie Cansu, B. Acarturk Dowdy, Nicolas D. Srubar, Wil V. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder 1111 Engineering Drive ECOT 441 UCB 428 BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder 4001 Discovery Drive BoulderCO80303 United States

The influence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the alkali-activation kinetics, microstructure, and compressive strength of alkali-activated metakaolin (MK) geopolymer was investigated. Experimental results showed that replacing 10-50% of MK with CaCO3 particles delayed the acceleration stage of alkali-activation regardless of replacement amount. However, 10% CaCO3 increased the overall degree of reaction and yielded pastes with similar 14- and 28-day compressive strengths compared to the control without CaCO3 addition. In comparison, 50% CaCO3 replacement led to a lower overall degree of reaction and compressive strengths through 28 days of curing. Experimental evidence substantiates that N-A-S-H gel forms in samples containing 0% and 10% CaCO3, while N-(C)-A-S-H gel and/or C-(N)-A-S-H are also present in the binding matrix near CaCO3 particles in samples with higher CaCO3 contents. While CaCO3 particles were primarily composed of calcite, vaterite was also evident given higher CaCO3 contents, suggesting that the CaCO3 particles were reactive during the alkali-activation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calcium carbonate

High-Fidelity Numerical Simulations of a Standing-Wave Thermoacoustic Engine

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Blanc, Nathan Laufer, Michael Frankel, Steven Ramon, Guy Z. Grand Technion Energy Program Haifa32000 Israel Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Techniom Haifa32000 Israel Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technion Haifa32000 Israel Technion - Israel Institute of Technology

Thermoacoustic devices, in which heat fluxes and pressure waves are converted from one to the other, are a promising class of energy conversion, particularly as heat-driven heat pumps. However, accurate simulation and performance prediction of these devices is a major challenge on the path to better understanding and improved ***, 2D simulations of a high-amplitude standing wave thermoacoustic engine are reported, based on the high-fidelity software PyFR. The performed simulations are validated against both computational and experimental results reported in the literature, exhibiting a deviation of less than 9% between the calculated and experimentally measured pressure amplitude, more than twice as accurate as previously reported calculations. Further, non-linear effects in the thermoacoustic engine are explored and discussed, including Rayleigh streaming, jet streaming and, importantly, higher-order harmonics. The influence of these effects on engine performance is gauged, with higher-order harmonics shown to cause the greatest reduction in engine performance. Harmonics suppression is then demonstrated, via a simple example, to improve performance and, in the present context, greatly reduce the deviation between the linear and non-linear *** work demonstrates the utility of high-order CFD schemes for the analysis of thermoacoustics devices, providing useful insight on the importance of non-linear effects and highlighting the potential benefits of future work along similar lines © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

Enhancing field-scale bioremediation of weathered petroleum oil-contaminated soil with biocompost as a bulking agent

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Helmy, Qomarudin Kardena, Edwan Environmental Engineering Study Program Institute of Technology Bandung Ganesa St. No. 10 West Java Bandung Indonesia Water and Wastewater Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung Ganesa St. No. 10 West Java Bandung Indonesia

The field-scale cleanup of weathered petroleum oil-contaminated soils from the Minas Oil Fields in Indonesia was investigated using landfarming bioremediation technology. Sawdust produced from palm fronds, trunks, and bushes was used as a bulking agent, fermented with manure from cow, goat, and chicken dung as amylolytic and cellulolytic source microflora. Petrophylic bacteria known for their capability to degrade PAH were used as augmented microflora along with stimulated local indigenous microflora overgrown onsite. The findings demonstrated that, albeit at varying rates, the inoculum of native and augmented microflora raised the total colony-forming units (CFU) and the rate at which total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were degraded in all contaminated soils treated in the soil bioremediation facilities (SBF). After 150 days of bioremediation operation, the bioremediation process for petroleum oil-contaminated soil effectively eliminated 165.79 kg of TPH from 2565 cubic meters of contaminated soil, with a recovery cost of 161 USD per cubic of treated soil. The initial average TPH concentration in the soil was 64,799 ± 9373 mg/kg and decreased to a lower concentration of 163 ± 74 mg/kg after bioremediation was completed. Both native and augmented petrophilic microflora showed significant growth over tenfold, with an average number of colonies at the initial stage of the bioremediation process ranging from 5.9 × 10⁵ to 6.6 × 10⁶ CFU per gram of soil. We show that a practical and affordable bioremediation technique is the onsite production of petrophylic microflora (both native and augmented) and compost from locally available biomass waste. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Bioaugmentation Biocompost Bioremediation Field-scale Petroleum Petrophylic