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58th US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2024, ARMA 2024

作者： Kakonitis, Panos Papaloizou, Loizos Gravanis, Elias Sarris, Ernestos University of Nicosia Department of Engineering Oil Gas and Energy Program Nicosia Cyprus University of Nicosia Department of Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Nicosia Cyprus Cyprus University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Limassol Cyprus Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence Limassol Cyprus Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Geology Department of Minerology-Petrology-Economic Geology Thessaloniki Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798331305086

Modelling the erosional behavior of rock cores in hollow cylinder tests is a formidable task because it involves coupled hydro-mechanical processes. In a recent work of the authors, we proposed semi-analytical hydro-mechanical framework for modelling erosion at laboratory scale through the hollow cylinder test. The model was based on the kinematic formulation of classic hydro-mechanical models a lso known as volumetric sand production models. The original formulation was constructed to include variable confining stress and flowrate conditions. In this new formulation, a power law dependency of the erosion coefficient λ with stress is incorporated to investigateits dependency on the variable external radial stress boundary condition reflected on the sand production curve. This is a significant update with respect to the previous formulation that assumed a constant sand production coefficient. Results show an improved performance with respect to experimental results. This model can be used to systema tically calibrate sand production coefficients for different types of rocks. Copyright 2024 ARMA, American Rock Mechanics Association.

关键词： Cylinders (shapes)

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Streets, density, and the superblock: neighborhood planning units and street connectivity in Abu Dhabi

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Journal of Urbanism 2023年第2期16卷 168-195页

作者： Alawadi, Khaled Hong Nguyen, Ngoc Alrubaei, Eiman Scoppa, Martin Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Faculty of Architecture The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology Danang Viet Nam Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Program Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Architecture Engineering Department College of Engineering United Arab Emirates University Alain United Arab Emirates

This article studies the efficiency of street networks of Neighborhood Planning Units. Pedestrian Route Directness quantified the NPUs’ efficiency. The sample includes ten Abu Dhabi NPUs built during two periods: pre-1990 and post-1990. Two scenarios are assessed. First, as-built streets are evaluated based on the PRD test. Second, PRD values of NPUs with different plot densities are compared. Results show that plot density does not affect efficiency. A good network design produces high efficiency regardless of its plot density. The effects of streets on efficiency were further revealed by Betweenness. Combining PRD and Betweenness yields important principles of network design. This method can be applied to assess the connectivity of streets in different contexts. Future research should focus on: How do alleys contribute to the efficiency of NPUs? How do street configurations influence the behavior of movement? And how should NPUs be evaluated as local street systems with global implications?. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： betweenness density neighborhood planning units pedestrian route directness Street connectivity

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ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY RESTAURANT-UNB 32nd

ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FLOW IN FOOD WASTE: A CASE STUDY OF THE...

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32nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, EUBCE 2024

作者： Ramos, Arthur Augusto Frasson De Brites, Eneida Campos Felipe Soares, Raquel Moraes Silveira, Edgar A. Contreras, Francisco University of Brasilia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil University of Brasilia Graduate Program on Environmental Technology and Water Resources Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Brasília Estrutural Campus DF Brasília71250-000 Brazil University of Brasília Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program Laboratory of Energy and Environment DF Brasilia70910-900 Brazil

With the projected global population reaching 9.7 billion by 2050, the production and consumption of food continue to escalate. Nitrogen is pivotal in this landscape due to its significance in living organisms and the environmental repercussions associated with nutrient-rich waste. Inappropriate disposal of such residues contributes to nitrogen release into the environment, impacting aquatic ecosystems and precipitating the generation of greenhouse gases. This study tackles the global challenge of effectively managing nitrogen in food waste by utilizing Material Flow Analysis (MFA) as a tool to comprehend this cycle. The analysis uncovered that vegetables, legumes, and fruits constitute the primary sources of waste generation, while meats, despite their lower mass, account for a substantial proportion of total nitrogen depletion. In the surveyed month of October 2023, 174,834 meals were served, resulting in an average food consumption N-footprint of 0.003 kg of nitrogen discarded per individual meal within the restaurant’s organic waste. These findings indicate that 65% of nitrogen is consumed in meal form, while 35% is discarded as organic solid waste. However, 53% of the nitrogen in the residues originates from food preparation processes, with food preparation responsible for over half of this figure. A deeper process analysis reveals that vegetables have low nitrogen concentrations, although they significantly contribute to waste at all stages. In contrast, meats and eggs, with higher nitrogen concentrations, emerge as noteworthy contributors to the overall nitrogen content in waste. Vegetables and meats contribute about 50% and 45% of the total nitrogen, respectively. These outcomes substantially enhance our comprehension of waste generation dynamics and nutrient utilization at the university restaurant, assisting with waste management, design of sustainable menus, reduction of food waste, and optimized resource utilization, contributing to sustainability and re

关键词： Effluent treatment

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Assessment of Dynamic Photovoltaic Shading Systems on Energy Performance of Commercial Buildings

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Journal of engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities 2022年第4期3卷 041003页

作者： Alwelayti, Dana Dehwah, Ammar H.A. Krarti, Moncef Building Systems Program Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Department University of Colorado Boulder 80309 CO United States

In this paper, the energy benefits of dynamic photovoltaic (PV)-integrated overhang systems are evaluated for office buildings. The benefits of dynamic PV-integrated overhangs combined energy efficiency by decreasing both heating and cooling energy demand and on-site renewable power generation by deploying tracking PV panels. The energy performance of dynamic PV-integrated overhangs is considered for various design and operation conditions. Specifically, the impacts of various design features are considered such as overhang depth, window size, glazing type, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system type. Moreover, the effects of operating conditions are assessed including the location of the building and the control strategy of the dynamic PV-integrated systems such as load-tracking, demand-tracking, and PV-tracking. The results of the various analyses indicate that the heating and cooling energy demands of the dynamic overhangs are mostly affected by the window glazing type and window overhang depths. The analysis shows that the use of demand-tracking maximizes the energy performance of the dynamic PV-integrated overhangs when deployed to US office buildings. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.

关键词： commercial buildings dynamic shading energy efficiency optimal controls PV-integrated overhangs windows

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Limitations of conventional approaches to identify photochemically produced reactive intermediates involved in contaminant indirect photodegradation

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environmental SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023年第10期25卷 1694-1707页

作者： Milstead, Reid P. Berg, Stephanie M. Kelly, Bella M. Knellwolf, Christian D. Larson, Cooper J. Wammer, Kristine H. Remucal, Christina K. [a]Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program University of Wisconsin–Madison 660 N. Park St. Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA [b]Department of Chemistry University of St. Thomas St. Paul Minnesota 55105 USA [c]Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin – Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) mediated indirect photodegradation can play an important role in the degradation of aquatic contaminants. Predicting the rate of this process requires knowledge of the photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRI) that react with the compound of interest, as well as the ability of individual DOM samples to produce PPRI. Key PPRI are typically identified using quencher studies, yet this approach often leads to results that are difficult to interpret. In this work, we analyze the indirect photodegradation of atorvastatin, carbamazepine, sulfadiazine, and benzotriazole using a diverse set of 48 waters from natural and engineered aquatic systems. We use this large data set to evaluate relationships between PPRI formation and indirect photodegradation rate constants, which are directly compared to results using standard quenching experiments. These data demonstrate that triplet state DOM (3DOM) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are critical PPRI for atorvastatin, carbamazepine, and sulfadiazine, while hydroxyl radical (OH) contributes to the indirect photodegradation of benzotriazole. We caution against relying on quenching studies because quenching of 3DOM limits the formation of 1O2 and all studied quenchers react with OH. Furthermore, we show that DOM composition directly influences indirect photodegradation and that low molecular weight, microbial-like DOM is positively correlated with the indirect photodegradation rates of carbamazepine, sulfadiazine, and benzotriazole. This study highlights limitations in conventional approaches used to identify key photochemically produced intermediates involved in the indirect photodegradation of organic contaminants.

关键词： Rate constants

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Van norman complex retrospective risk evaluation: Assessing the san fernando dam performance during the san fernando earthquake

Van norman complex retrospective risk evaluation: Assessing ...

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Lifelines 2022 Conference: 1971 San Fernando Earthquake and Lifeline Infrastructure

作者： Mccann, Martin W. Jainesh Mehta, Jinal Davis, Craig A. Freyberg, David L. National Performance of Dams Program Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford Univ United States Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford Univ United States CA Davis Engineering United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784484432

ISBN: (纸本)9780784484432

As a result of the Mw6.6 1971 San Fernando earthquake the Lower San Fernando Dam (LSFD) suffered significant damage that could have resulted in a breach and uncontrolled release of the reservoir (URR). The LSFD embankment was damaged as a result of liquefaction that led to a massive slide of the upstream slope into the reservoir. The slide lowered the crest of the dam well below the reservoir level. However, a section of the downstream slope of the embankment remained, with about 5 ft of freeboard. Fortunately, the reservoir was lowered soon after the earthquake, avoiding URR into the heavily populated San Fernando Valley below. Experience suggests that system failures are a result of a combination of events or circumstances (a sequence of events) that collectively conspire to produce the outcome that was observed. This paper describes a probabilistic model of the events at the LSFD as a result of the 1971 earthquake to assess just how rare (in terms of its annual frequency) of occurrence it was. This retrospective evaluation of the events associated with the LSFD as a result of the 1971 earthquake provides insights and lessons for conducting prospective seismic risk studies in the future. © ASCE.

关键词： Reservoirs (water)

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Combining Cooperative Re-Routing with Intersection Coordination for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Urban Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Typaldos, Panagiotis Malikopoulos, Andreas A. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The System Engineering Program Cornell University IthacaNY United States

In this paper, we present a hierarchical framework that integrates upper-level routing with low-level optimal trajectory planning for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) traveling in an urban network. The upper-level controller efficiently distributes traffic flows by utilizing a dynamic rerouting algorithm that leverages real-time density information and the fundamental diagrams of each network edge. This rerouting approach predicts when each edge will reach critical density and proactively adjusts the routing algorithm’s weights to prevent congestion before it occurs. The low-level controller coordinates CAVs as they cross signal-free intersections, generating optimal, fuel-efficient trajectories while ensuring safe passage by satisfying all relevant constraints. We formulate the problem as an optimal control problem and derive an analytical solution. Using the SUMO micro-simulation platform, we conduct simulation experiments on a realistic network. The results show that our hierarchical framework significantly enhances network performance compared to a baseline static routing approach. By dynamically re-routing vehicles, our approach successfully reduces total travel time and mitigates congestion before it develops. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Travel time

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Review of Urban Heat Island and Building Energy Modeling Approaches

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Journal of engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities 2022年第1期3卷 011003页

作者： Ameer, B. Krarti, M. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Building Systems Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder 80309 CO United States

In this paper, a review of the current literature in modeling urban heat island (UHI) phenomena including its main causes and effects is summarized. The main goal of the review is to assess the current modeling capabilities to accurately determine the impacts of UHI on outdoor comfort levels and urban building energy demands. In particular, the analysis techniques and modeling approaches are overviewed to estimate the mutual thermal interactions between urban atmosphere and buildings. In addition, the applications and the limitations of various modeling methods are discussed to predict outdoor thermal comfort and urban building energy consumption. The specific capabilities of the reviewed modeling approaches are highlighted to assess the effectiveness of mitigation strategies of the UHI effects. As part of the review analysis, recommendations are outlined to improve current modeling approaches to predict more accurately the impacts of UHI phenomena on urban building energy performance. Copyright © 2022 by ASME.

关键词： air conditioning atmospheric layers building energy performance multi-scale analysis outdoor thermal comfort UHI mitigation solution UHI modeling approaches urban environment urban heat island (UHI) effects

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Structural evaluation of urban bridges in Amsterdam through InSAR-based displacement data 11

Structural evaluation of urban bridges in Amsterdam through ...

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11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, EWSHM 2024

作者： Macchiarulo, Valentina Kuai, Hao Karamitopoulos, Pantelis Milillo, Pietro Giardina, Giorgia Department of Geoscience & Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands City of Amsterdam Program of Bridges and Quay Walls Team Innovation Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX United States Germany

Thousands of bridges worldwide face growing risks due to aging materials, increased traffic loads, and climate change-induced weather extremes. Managing these assets is financially demanding, and requires prioritisation strategies for interventions. Consequently, innovative approaches are urgently required to evaluate the structural conditions of these bridges continuously and regularly. Recent advancements in space-borne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology offer cost-effective remote monitoring capabilities, ensuring extensive coverage and high spatial resolution. Multi Temporal (MT) InSAR techniques enable the reconstruction of millimetre-scale deformation measurements for a large number of assets, opening opportunities for long-term regional-scale monitoring of bridge deformations. However, a major challenge in utilising MT-InSAR-based displacement data operationally is that MT-InSAR analysis reconstructs only the projection of displacements along the satellite Line of Sight (LOS) direction. Due to the typical availability of only two satellite viewing geometries, in most cases the three-dimensional displacement field cannot be fully reconstructed. Consequently, without accounting for the anticipated motion of a given structure and its alignment with respect to the satellite flight path, the actual asset movement is likely to be underestimated, leading to erroneous interpretation. In this paper, we propose a method using the bridge typologies and their associated likely failure mechanisms to derive assumptions regarding expected displacement directions. Then, the information on bridge alignments with respect to the satellite flight direction is used to assess the MT-InSAR sensitivity to the expected displacement directions and define ad-hoc damage indicators. We tested the proposed method on urban bridges in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, using deformation measurements derived from TerraSAR-X data spanning 2016 to 2020. Findings have potentia

关键词： Space flight

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Prevention of Thermal Pollution of Groundwater near Open Loop Geothermal Energy Systems

Prevention of Thermal Pollution of Groundwater near Open Loo...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2023: Adaptive Planning and Design in an Age of Risk and Uncertainty

作者： Neupauer, R.M. Okkonen, J. Tyson, E. Dept. of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering Univ. of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States Geological Survey of Finland Espoo Finland Environmental Engineering Program Univ. of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784484852

ISBN: (纸本)9780784484852

Open loop geothermal energy systems (GES) extract groundwater through an extraction well, pass the water through a heat exchanger to remove or add heat, then reinject the cooled or heated water into the aquifer. Because the reinjected water has a different temperature than the ambient groundwater, reinjection creates a thermal plume that travels downgradient and can be harmful to downstream water users or ecosystems. The heat from the thermal plume dissipates as the plume travels through the aquifer, so after sufficiently long distances have been traveled, the water has returned to the ambient temperature of the aquifer. Thus, the sites chosen for GES should be located sufficiently far from temperature-sensitive ecosystems. We propose the adjoint method for identifying allowable locations of GES. With the adjoint method, information is propagated upgradient from the location of the ecosystem, such that only one adjoint simulation is required to evaluate the appropriateness of any location as a site for GES. The application of the adjoint method in this context requires the assumption that the water extraction and reinjection have a minimal influence on the flow field. In this work, the errors introduced by that assumption are evaluated, and a correction is developed to reduce the errors introduced by that assumption. The approach is applied and tested for a field site in Finland, where the ambient groundwater velocity is very low and therefore the extraction and reinjection of water at the GES substantially alters the flow field. © World environmental and Water Resources Congress *** rights reserved

关键词： Aquifers

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