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Thermal discomfort and adaptation strategies in Brazilian social housing

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2025年 269卷

作者： Simoes, Gianna Monteiro Farias Labaki, Lucila Chebel Leder, Solange Maria Univ Estadual Campinas FECFAU UNICAMP Univ Fed Rural Semiarido UFERSA Fac Civil Engn Architecture & Urbanism Postgrad Program Architecture Technol & CityDept Campinas Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas FECFAU UNICAMP Fac Civil Engn Architecture & Urbanism Postgrad Program Architecture Technol & City Campinas Brazil Univ Fed Paraiba UFPB Undergrad & Postgrad Program Architecture & Urbani Joao Pessoa Brazil Univ Fed Paraiba UFPB Undergrad & Postgrad Program Civil & Environm Engn Joao Pessoa Brazil

Living with the harmful effects of climate change is a challenge, especially in relation to the marked thermal discomfort resulting from heat waves that mainly impact economically vulnerable populations. The main objective of this study was to analyze thermal comfort in social housing and the strategies adopted by residents to overcome situations of thermal discomfort in hot and humid climates. The object study is composed of four lowincome architectural types, located in the city of Joao Pessoa, northeast Brazil. The field research included onsite evaluations, measuring the thermal conditions inside 156 housing units and conducting semi-structured interviews. The results showed that the housing units analyzed often present internal conditions of thermal discomfort;this condition is a little more critical in homes that added extensions to their dwellings, as a result of interventions carried out by residents after the unit was occupied. One of the consequences of expanding the housing area is the reduction in the percentage of openness of the unit (openness of the enclosure/building envelope), with a major impact on thermal comfort, as approximately 50.0% of the sample presented this particularity. The worst thermal scenario was recorded in the group of single-story houses. These units, in addition to the high degree of thermal discomfort, face health problems resulting from high humidity and air temperature. The main adaptive strategies observed were using a fan and opening doors and windows. The daily average of fan use is 8.0h, resulting in an increase in energy demand.

关键词： Informal settlements rehabilitation Thermal comfort Modifications Behavioral adaptation Energy

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Modeling the impact of urban climate transformations in low income housing located in critical climate: A case study

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ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2025年 85卷

作者： da Cunha, Luis Filipe Brasil Machado, Rayner Mauricio e Silva da Silva Junior, Jose Ary Farias, Alessandra de Souza Barata, Marcio Santos Zemero, Bruno Ramos Fed Univ Para Fac Architecture & Urbanism Belem Brazil Fed Univ Para Postgrad Program Architecture & Urbanism Belem Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina Postgrad Program Civil Engn Florianopolis Brazil

Global warming and urban densification impact the thermal performance of buildings, yet these effects are often overlooked in professional and academic settings. This study conducted a case study through simulation with modified climate files to quantify the extreme effects resulting from the combination of hot-humid climate, urban densification, and global warming on a model of social housing in Belem, Brazil. Current scenarios were established, and thermal performance simulations were conducted. This involved adapting weather files to two distinct urban patterns: high and low densification. These files were adjusted to capture variations in essential parameters, reflecting the unique climatic conditions of each urban environment. Subsequently, the thermal performance of social housing units was simulated using these files, enabling a comprehensive analysis of thermal dynamics. This facilitated identifying key parameters in urban climate zones, considering potential increases in urban densification and global warming. The results reveal a significant impact of the combined effect of urban densification and global warming on both outdoor and indoor social housing, reducing habitability and requiring air conditioning almost year-round in near and distant future climates. The conclusions aim to contribute to diagnosing and understanding the climate crisis and urban climate's role in the resilience of vulnerable populations.

关键词： Overheating Urban densification Global warming Vulnerable populations

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Potential of optimized designs to resist the hot humid-future-urban climates and its uncertainties: A case study

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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING 2025年 262卷

作者： da Cunha, Luis Filipe Brasil Machado, Rayner Mauricio e Silva Monteiro, Giovanna Bentes Almeida, Paula Rocha Teixeira, Reyso Cunha Barata, Marcio Santos Zemero, Bruno Ramos Univ Para Fac Architecture & Urbanism Fed Belem Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina Postgrad Program Civil Engn Florianopolis Brazil Univ Para Fac Comp Engn Fed Belem Brazil Univ Para Postgrad Program Architecture & Urbanism Fed Belem Brazil

Accurate assessment of the combined impacts of climate change and Urban Heat Island (UHI) on the energy performance of building prototypes is imperative to support decision-making towards long-term resilient design solutions for heat mitigation. Recent literature highlighted the importance of integrating multiscale climate models into Building Energy Simulations (BES) workflows to accurately evaluate UHI and future scenarios, especially for climates susceptible to indoor overheating. However, discussion relative to the uncertainties when using projections on BES is still limited on account of the scarcity of readily available weather files for some cities and the impracticalities that arise from conducting several simulations. This study aims to address these issues by investigating the resilience of a social housing prototype with optimized envelope and heat mitigation strategies for the hot and humid Belem, Brazil under distinct UHI conditions considering future uncertainties. Thermal autonomy and cooling loads were evaluated for 2020, 2050 and 2080. Future weather uncertainties were assessed through comparison of dry-bulb temperatures between the projections generated by Climate Change World Weather Generator (CCWWG) and CORDEX project. Results showed a significant decrease in thermal autonomy despite optimization as the housing lower-floor units registered only 15 % of occupancy hours below the 30 degrees C threshold in 2050 considering UHI and 2.8 % in 2080 before UHI inclusion, in contrast to the 100 % observed for the unmodified weather file. Accordingly, high percentage increases in cooling loads between simulations emphasize the importance of comparing results of multiple weather files for thorough investigations of BES.

关键词： Extreme weather Urban heat islands Global warming uncertainties Social housing

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HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN COMMUNITIES IN HIGHLY VULNERABLE SITUATION. CASE STUDY: SAN LUIS, SAN ISIDRO PATIOS - LA CALERA, COLOMBIA. 10

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN COMMUNITIES IN HIGHLY ...

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2024 International Congress on Innovation and Trends in Engineering

作者： Torres Parra, Camilo Saldeno Madero, Yelinca Castiblanco Prieto, Juan Jose Jaramillo, Camila Angelica Rivas, Maria Catholic Univ Colombia Civil Engn Program Bogota Colombia Catholic Univ Colombia Architecture Program Bogota Colombia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531737;9798331531720

Educational constructivism emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the environment to build knowledge, prioritizing social collaboration and personal reflection. In the San Luis sector of San Isidro Patios, a participatory educational model is proposed to address the lack and consumption of poor-quality water. The methodology, divided into five phases, seeks to optimize the transfer of knowledge through human interaction and the combination of pedagogical approaches. The instructional design follows nine steps, from the definition of problems to the selection of teaching resources, adapting to the student and the community context. Constructivist, cognitivist, and behaviorist approaches are integrated, highlighting situated learning and formative assessment to promote effective and participatory instruction. The workshops focus on acquiring skills to address problems such as the lack of drinking water and inefficient rainwater collection systems in homes. Specific objectives, student considerations, content analysis, teaching strategies and objective evaluation are an integral part of the design, which includes learning units and teaching-learning approaches adapted to each type of knowledge. Teaching strategies include communication, group work and practical workshops, with evaluation criteria that consider viability, environmental responsibility, social inclusion, innovation and technical feasibility. The educational approach adopted seeks to promote community participation in solving real problems related to water supply and management. The importance of considering the specific characteristics of the target community and the integration of complementary pedagogical models is highlighted. The methodology seeks not only to address the problem of water supply, but also to empower participants through a participatory educational process oriented towards concrete solutions.

关键词： Constructivism water quality health environmental education community

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Torsional Performance of Vat-Photopolymerized Tough Resin: Influence of Gauge Length and UV Post-Curing

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EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS 2025年第3期65卷 365-384页

作者： Sadaghian, H. Khalilzadehtabrizi, S. Khodadoost, S. Yeon, J. H. Loughborough Univ Sch Architecture Bldg & Civil Engn Loughborough England Univ Surrey Ctr Infrastruct Syst Engn Dept Civil & Environm Engn Guildford England Univ Tabriz Dept Civil Engn Tabriz Iran Texas State Univ Ingram Sch Engn Civil Engn Program San Marcos TX 78666 USA

BackgroundA myriad of materials, ranging from soft sensors to bone substitutes, undergo torsional loading throughout their operational lifespan. Many of these materials are produced using additive manufacturing (AM) technology due to its broad applicability. Understanding the torsional behavior of these AM components is crucial prior to their utilization. However, research on the torsional behavior of solid additively-manufactured resin polymers remains very *** address the gap in understanding the torsional behavior of additively-manufactured resin polymers, this study aimed to investigate the effect of varying gage lengths and UV post-curing durations on the torsional capacity, shear modulus, and energy absorption characteristics of these *** specimens were fabricated using vat photopolymerization (VPP) with AnyCubic UV Tough Resin. The specimens were prepared with different gage lengths (20, 40, 60, and 80 mm) and were subjected to five UV post-curing durations (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). Monotonic torsion was applied to the specimens until failure at a rate of 0.1 revolutions per *** tests revealed ductile failure patterns across all specimens. Longer post-curing times were found to correlate with increased torsional capacities and shear moduli. However, conclusions regarding energy absorption per unit volume remained inconclusive. The results showed that UV exposure had a significantly greater impact on the mechanical properties of the specimens compared to the gage length. Additionally, a normalized trilinear model was proposed to characterize the behavior of additively-manufactured resin polymers under monotonic torsion, which facilitates numerical simulation of material responses in finite element software.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Vat photopolymerization Tough resin Monotonic torsion Gage length Ultraviolet post-curing

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Percentage decrease in strength characteristic values of shear walls in wooden houses subjected to biodeterioration

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CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 2025年 474卷

作者： Mori, Takuro Tanaka, Kei Inoue, Ryo Hiroshima Univ Grad Sch Adv Sci & Engn Architecture Program Kagamiyama 1-4-1 Higashihiroshima Hiroshima 7398527 Japan Oita Univ Fac Sci & Technol Dept Sci & Technol Architecture Program Dannoharu 700 Oita City Oita Japan Kumamoto Univ Fac Adv Sci & Technol Div Civil Engn & Architecture 2-39-1 KurokamiChuo Ku Kumamoto 8608555 Japan

Appropriate maintenance is essential for the long-term use of wooden houses. One of the factors that cause the seismic performance of wooden houses to deteriorate is biodeterioration, such as decay. When biodeterioration occurs, the performance of shear walls in wooden houses is expected to deteriorate considerably. However, the degree of deterioration has not been quantitatively assessed, and the current seismic evaluation index may not accurately assess residual performance. In this study, the residual performance of shear walls subjected to biodeterioration was experimentally confirmed by fabricating full-scale wall specimens that were then subjected to forced biodeterioration through the conducting of racking tests. Furthermore, we calculated the reduction factor of each value of the strength characteristic and proposed a reduction factor that was more reflective of the actual situation based on the obtained data. In addition to the points directly related to the expression of the shear capacity, such as the edges of the brace and the nail joints of the plywood, a substantial decrease in strength characteristic values was observed when the joints between the columns and the sill, which are subject to pullout forces, deteriorated. Additionally, in the case of the specimens with progressive deterioration, the shear capacity was found to be approximately half that of the healthy specimens.

关键词： Biodeterioration Shear Walls Residual strength Reduction factor Seismic diagnosis Wooden house

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Regionalisation studies for municipal solid waste management in Brazil

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND WASTE MANAGEMENT 2024年第3期33卷 349-370页

作者： Gomes, Aline Pimentel Prietto, Pedro D. M. Kalil, Rosa Maria Locatelli Pandolfo, Adalberto Reyes, Sergio Univ Passo Fundo Dept Civil Engn & Architecture Passo Fundo Brazil Univ Passo Fundo Dept Engn & Architecture Passo Fundo Brazil Univ Passo Fundo Grad Program Civil & Environm Engn Passo Fundo Brazil Univ Malaga Dept Geog Malaga Spain

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management at the regional level has become increasingly important over the last years. The regionalisation studies evaluate ideal arrangements of municipalities to constitute consortia for sharing infrastructure and management. A document analysis of regionalisation studies for MSW management from 18 Brazilian states was made in order to identify and evaluate the shape of the regions, the criteria and the methods used. The results evidenced a big difference regarding the number of regions proposed, the number of municipalities, the area and population of each region, the environmental, economic, social and political criteria, the hierarchy and the tools used. There is a lack of standardisation in the elaboration of these studies and the development of a consistent method, with the definition of hierarchical criteria, the use of appropriate geospatial tools, as well as the social participation in the decision-making process can contribute to the elaboration of regionalisation studies.

关键词： municipal solid waste MSW waste management regionalisation for waste management public consortia Brazil

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Exploring the relationship between mental health-related problems and undergraduate student dropout: A case study within a civil engineering program

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HELIYON 2022年第5期8卷 e09504页

作者： Del Savio, A. A. Galantini, K. Pachas, A. Univ Lima Civil Engn Program Lima Peru Univ Lima Architecture Program Lima Peru

Dropout has always been a concerning issue within higher education. This research explores the relationship between mental health-related problems and undergraduate students' dropout rates amid the COVID-19 pandemic and within a civil engineering program. The study is quantitative descriptive, with a non experimental and longitudinal design. Results show that the dropout rates of civil engineering students from a private university have increased, comparing before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily due to mental health-related problems. Three strong tendencies within these rates have been detected, directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was concluded that undergraduate students' mental health had been undermined due to the pandemics, which has had an immediate impact on the increase of dropout rates.

关键词： Undergraduate dropout Dropout rates Mental health COVID-19

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Multiscale modeling to optimize thermal performance design for urban social housing: A case study

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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING 2024年第PartA期236卷

作者： Sousa Goncalves, Eduarda Lorrany Braga, Jhonata Lima Sampaio, Athos de Oliveira Batista, Vitor dos Santos da Rocha Menezes, Leonardo Junior Eli, Leticia Gabriela Barata, Marcio Santos Ventura Neto, Raul da Silva Zemero, Bruno Ramos Univ Para Fac Architecture & Urbanism Fed Belem Brazil Fed Univ Para Postgrad Program Elect Engn Belem Brazil Fed Univ Para Postgrad Program Mech Engn Belem Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina Postgrad Program Civil Engn Florianopolis Brazil Fed Univ Para Postgrad Program Architecture & Urbanism Belem Brazil Fed Univ Para Augusto Correa St 01 BR-66035400 Belem PA Brazil

Climate change impacts the entire planet, and its effects are particularly evident in urban areas. Northern cities in Brazil experience a hot and humid climate, which poses a challenge to achieving high levels of thermal performance in housing developments. This challenge is amplified by the fact that most residents do not have access to air conditioning systems, making it difficult to mitigate the heat. Current technologies have the potential to confront this critical situation by diagnosing thermal performance and implementing optimized strategies for modeling multiple climatic scales, including the city, neighborhood, and indoor environment. Therefore, this study aims to fill a research gap by utilizing simulations to predict and optimize the thermal performance of naturally ventilated social housing in hot and humid equatorial climates, while considering the effects of climate change. Adaptive modeling principles were applied, fostering synergy among the meso, local, and microclimatic scales through a unidirectional simulation. The results revealed that the region experiencing the highest real estate growth has witnessed a significant increase in temperature over the years. The comparison between historical and future climate files confirmed predictions of climate change in a pessimistic scenario, particularly regarding temperature and relative humidity indicators. When climate files adjusted for future climate conditions were used, it was discovered that passive building design strategies had a stronger impact on the microclimate compared to heat island mitigation strategies. This impact led to better building thermal performance. However, at the building scale, thermal performance is highly influenced by climate change and could be reduced by up to 11% (in 2020) and 39% (in 2050).

关键词： Multiscale modeling Social housing Climate change Thermal performance

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The Performance Evaluation of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced by Fibers

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF civil ENGINEERING 2023年第3期21卷 445-459页

作者： Oral, Gokhan Cetin, Altan Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci Fac Engn Civil Engn Program TR-74110 Bartin Turkey Bartin Univ Fac Engn Architecture & Design Civil Engn Dept TR-74110 Bartin Turkey

Environmentally friendly porous asphalt mixtures have poor tensile strength performance and durability due to their porous structure. This results in their service life typically being less than ten years. Reinforcement with fibers can be a possible solution to structural weaknesses in porous asphalt road surfaces. Fibers have been proven to be an effective additive in improving the mechanical performance of asphalt mixes, but little attention has been paid to porous asphalt mixes. This study investigates the effect of four different fibers;(a) polypropylene fiber, (b) glass fiber, (c) basalt fiber, and (d) crumb rubber, on the functional and mechanical performance of porous asphalt mixtures. Fibers were used in four different percentages (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8%) according to the mix aggregate weight. The experimental test plan includes the characterization of air voids for permeability, Cantabro particle loss, indirect tensile strength, and moisture sensitivity. Type-3 gradation (in Turkish Highways Technical Specification) was chosen as the mixture gradation. Mixture specimens were prepared using a Marshall compactor in 6.0 and 6.5% polymer-modified bitumen. Test results show that void and permeability generally decrease with increasing fiber content, except for polypropylene fiber. Cantabro particle loss was significantly reduced for all fibers at 6.5% bitumen compared to 6.0%. Minimum wear loss value was obtained in 0.2% basalt fiber. Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) improved significantly for all fibers. The ITS of 0.2% basalt fiber was enhanced by 124% compared to the control specimens. The optimum fiber contents were determined as 0.2% for basalt fiber and 0.4% for glass fiber.

关键词： Porous asphalt mixtures Fibers Crumb rubber Ferrochrome slag Permeability Moisture susceptibility

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